Abnormal Psych: Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Maritza has schizophrenia. She sometimes goes for days without showering or brushing her teeth and mostly keeps to herself, rarely interacting with family and friends. Some think that she is just getting lazy, but others realize that this is what type of symptom of schizophrenia? prodromal residual negative positive

negative

Minor symptoms of psychosis, problems at school or work, or a decline in social functioning are all considered ________ of schizophrenia. negative symptoms prodromal symptoms positive symptoms postdromal symptoms

prodromal symptoms Correct. These are minor symptoms that may indicate a worsening in the condition to follow, denoted by the prefix pro-, meaning they come before other, more severe symptoms.

Carlos is concerned that he has inherited the gene that led to his father's development of schizophrenia. As a therapist speaking with Carlos about his anxiety, which statement could you make that would be the most accurate regarding his situation? *Schizophrenia results from the interactions of hundreds of genes and the environment. *Schizophrenia mostly occurs in individuals who use illegal drugs; genetics are secondary. *Schizophrenia is a brain disease and the most important consideration is prevention. *Schizophrenia risk can be evaluated by blood testing and psychological assessment.

Schizophrenia results from the interactions of hundreds of genes and the environment.

Kozue has schizophrenia and is showing evidence of positive symptoms. What does this mean? She is showing behaviors that result in the need for immediate action and attention. Her symptoms trigger additional symptoms in a type of feedback loop that gets worse over time. She is demonstrating behaviors and thinking that are uncommon and unusual. Her symptoms result in increased positive emotions, similar to mania but more intense.

She is demonstrating behaviors and thinking that are uncommon and unusual.

Moubani's family notices that she appears to be having trouble speaking. She often only responds with one-word answers to questions and rarely starts or engages in conversation. They take her to the doctor, who emphasizes that she has schizophrenia and is experiencing negative symptoms. What does this mean? *She is experiencing a reduction or absence of the ability to converse and engage socially. *Her symptoms demonstrate she is gradually getting worse and she may need new medications. *Her behavior indicates an overreaction to normal feelings of sadness or being ill. *She is reacting strongly, trying to punish family members and disengage from interactions.

She is experiencing a reduction or absence of the ability to converse and engage socially.

Talia has been saying that she is the CEO of the company, even though she works in accounting. Her girlfriend takes her into the local mental health center because she is worried about her. While reviewing her history, which one of the following situations would rule out (eliminate consideration of) a diagnosis of delusional disorder? *Six months ago, Talia fell from her roof while cleaning gutters and suffered significant head injury. *Her colleagues at work first reported Talia saying she was CEO about ten months ago. *Talia believes she needs to return to her CEO job and is only working in accounting as a temporary decoy so the government won't suspect she's at the head. *Recently, Talia's boss carefully explained that she was an accountant, but Talia did not believe her.

Six months ago, Talia fell from her roof while cleaning gutters and suffered significant head injury.

Aiko has been studying persons with schizophrenia who seem to have more negative symptoms than others with the illness. They also struggle to understand what other people are feeling during interactions or to understand why people make decisions and choices. Aiko's study participants appear to be impaired in what major area? Social cognition Social alienation Intrapersonal conceptualization Emotional regulation

Social cognition Correct! Schizophrenia can affect not only one's own ability to think and reason, but it can affect the ability to understand others and social situations.

Anay has schizophrenia, hears voices, sometimes has difficulty in trying to express himself to others, and shows unusual behaviors at times. He lives in a place where his behaviors are seen as a channel or connection to the spiritual side of life, and he is physically and emotionally supported by his community and even sought out for input and insights to help others. This reduces his stress significantly, and he functions reasonably well in his community. Seeking to understand his situation in its own context is an example of what perspective? Developmental Socialization perspective Sociocultural perspective Social Cognitive perspective Interactivity perspective

Sociocultural perspective Correct! The sociocultural perspective seeks to understand the impact of social and cultural forces on symptoms and treatments.

What is the most accurate summary of the results of adoption studies in evaluating the impact of genetics on the etiology of schizophrenia? *Studies of adopted children demonstrated that genetic risk was more influential than family support. *Studies of adopted children showed that family dysfunction had greater impact than genetics. *Studies of adopted children at high risk for schizophrenia supported the diathesis-stress model. *Studies of adopted children found that the biopsychosocial model does not apply to schizophrenia.

Studies of adopted children at high risk for schizophrenia supported the diathesis-stress model.

Stefon is being treated in a partial hospitalization setting for schizophreniform disorder. He was placed on an atypical antipsychotic medication, but it does not seem to be working very well. Which of the following is a strategy that is likely to be attempted next by the psychiatrist? *Switch Stefon to another second-generation antipsychotic medication. *Transfer Stefon to an inpatient setting for a two-week trial of ECT. *Add an antidepressant medication to Stefon's current antipsychotic. *Blend Stefon's current medication with a first-generation antipsychotic.

Switch Stefon to another second-generation antipsychotic medication. Correct! This is a common strategy when the first medication is not working.

Which of the following persons is most likely to be diagnosed with brief psychotic disorder? *Kaarina lives in Sweden, has two children, and is a high school teacher. *Taisha is a woman from Kenya who recently gave birth to her second child. *Lorenzo lives in New York City and abuses alcohol and recently divorced. *Itsuki lives in Tokyo; he is single, and works as a web designer in a tech company.

Taisha is a woman from Kenya who recently gave birth to her second child.

Miyuki knows that second-generation antipsychotic medications are considered "first-line" treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. So why is there a need for psychotherapeutic treatments such as CET and others? *Antipsychotics are short-term treatments while psychotherapy treatments are long-term. *Psychotherapeutic treatments increase the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications. *Psychotherapy treatments enable faster discharge and reduce hospital insurance costs. *Antipsychotics reduce active and sometimes passive symptoms but can't address skill deficits.

Antipsychotics reduce active and sometimes passive symptoms but can't address skill deficits.

Michael was diagnosed with schizophrenia when he was 19 years old. He was hospitalized, and he and his psychiatrist have struggled for many months to find the right antipsychotic medication to help him with the least side effects. He is now ready to be discharged to a residential living facility. A major goal of his time there will be to practice and rehearse interpersonal and communication skills, money management, stress management, and some other behaviors to help him integrate into the community on his own. But Michael is an adult, so why is such a program necessary? *Because being hospitalized is a traumatic event that causes regression to childlike skill levels. *Because antipsychotic medications often disrupt memory functioning and create a loss of skills. *Because many persons with schizophrenia have delusions that they cannot function on their own. *Because schizophrenia disrupted the normal process of learning the life skills to be on his own.

Because schizophrenia disrupted the normal process of learning the life skills to be on his own.

Gustav has been diagnosed with delusional disorder; his brother, Brandt, has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which one of the brothers most likely hears someone speaking to him and replies back to them even though no one else is present? Neither brother likely has this experience Both brothers likely have this or a very similar experience Gustav Brandt

Brandt Correct! Brandt has schizophrenia and therefore probably experiences auditory hallucinations while Gustav has delusional disorder and while he has delusions, does not experience hallucinations.

William has a history of drug use and past episodes of psychosis, but he has now been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following substances was he most likely using? Cannabis (marijuana) Stimulant (caffeine) Sedative (benzodiazepine) Nicotine (cigarettes)

Cannabis (marijuana) Correct! Studies of persons who transition from drug-induced psychosis to schizophrenia is highest for cannabis users.

Thomas has been experiencing the sensation that spiders are crawling underneath his skin. He also usually lacks emotional expressiveness in his face or voice when he interacts with others, and he can be difficult to understand sometimes due to jumping around in his sentences or using words that do not exist. What would differentiate Thomas's diagnosis between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder? *The reaction of his symptoms to antipsychotic treatment (faster with schizophreniform) *The intensity of his symptoms (how significant an impact they have on his functioning). *The duration of his symptoms (how long he has been experiencing them). *The number of his symptoms (more symptoms indicating schizophrenia).

The duration of his symptoms (how long he has been experiencing them). Correct! Symptoms experienced by persons with both disorders are the same, but persons with schizophreniform disorder have symptoms lasting more than one month and less than six months.

Horacio is writing a research paper for his Abnormal Psychology course focused on schizoaffective disorder. When he comes to the section explaining the etiology of the disorder, what is the most accurate thing he can write? *The disorder was considered a subtype of schizophrenia, but recent studies point to increased deficits in the GABA neurotransmitter system. *There are no conclusive studies on the specific etiology of the disorder, but the origins are clearly biopsychosocial in nature. *A meta-analysis concluded that schizoaffective disorder was more heavily influenced by childhood trauma than is true for schizophrenia. *Unlike schizophrenia, early maternal factors appear to play a major role in schizoaffective disorder including smoking and drug use.

There are no conclusive studies on the specific etiology of the disorder, but the origins are clearly biopsychosocial in nature.

Olivia is interested in research into schizophrenia. In particular, she wants to understand the role of genetics versus environmental influences in the development of the disorder. Which of the following is the best explanation of why she should avoid using the twin study design? *Twins are fairly uncommon and the results are not likely to be generalizable to the overall disorder. *Twins share physical and social environments so this could interfere with separating the two influences. *Because twins grow up together, they affect each other's behavior, increasing environmental influence. *The complexity of following up both sets of twins over time results in too much missing information.

Twins share physical and social environments so this could interfere with separating the two influences.

Steve has brought his son in for evaluation because his son has begun to say very strange things about being persecuted and at times when he speaks, his sentences do not make any logical sense. This has been going for about a week, and the family has no history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. After assessment, assuming that Steve's son may be suffering from brief psychotic disorder, what treatment approach would you suggest be considered first? *Three weeks of ECT followed by first-generation antipsychotic treatment for at least two weeks. *Combined treatment with antipsychotics and antidepressant medications for at least one month. *Use of second-generation antipsychotic medication with follow-up for several months. *Intensive family education and individual psychotherapy together with stress-management training.

Use of second-generation antipsychotic medication with follow-up for several months.

Santiago is talking to a friend about the module on schizophrenia in his psychopathology course. The friend says, "That's the one they always show in the movies, right? It's the one that's like a disease and you just inherit it and can't do anything about it, right?" What is the most accurate reply Santiago can make to inform his friend? Not really; genetics play only a small role in schizophrenia. How parents treat their kids is even more important. Yes, it is a brain disease that is related to dementia and causes damage to their ability to speak and understand the world. Well, genetics are involved, but it's complicated and psychological and other influences are also important. Yes, it is a genetic disease that involves a lot of genes, and if you inherit the wrong ones, then it affects your brain.

Well, genetics are involved, but it's complicated and psychological and other influences are also important. Correct! Genetics play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia, but the biopsychosocial model and research data shows multiple influences are involved.

Damion thinks that impairments he sees in his patients with schizophrenia like difficulty with explaining moments in their own lives and slow response time in trying to figure things out are actually part of the risk factors for developing the disorder rather than just the effects of the illness. In reaching this conclusion, Damion is making use of which perspective on schizophrenia? Cognitive perspective Psychodynamic perspective Neural pathways perspective Sociocultural perspective

Cognitive perspective Correct! This perspective takes into account how the brain functions and is linked to research showing that some of these impairments actually begin before psychotic symptoms occur.

Toby was brought into the Emergency Room with psychotic symptoms after a prolonged binge. After some investigation, the doctor diagnoses him with Alcohol-Induced Psychosis. This is apparently Toby's second episode. After prescribing the use of a second generation antipsychotic drug and evaluating suicidal risk, what would probably be the next best treatment decision for Toby? *Detox followed by residential treatment in a program that deals with dual diagnosis patients *Combination therapy with a mood stabilizer medication and Antabuse to prevent use of alcohol *CBT primarily focused on reducing anxiety and depression that is triggering the psychosis *Referral to a recovery support group where he can participate in a 12-step program

Detox followed by residential treatment in a program that deals with dual diagnosis patients Correct! Detox will help him get ready for treatment, and residential care will be important since he is at risk of further psychotic episodes.

In the emergency room, a physician is examining Dayo who was brought in after she began flinching and screaming that she was seeing flashing lights and thought a truck was going to run her over. She has been in an agitated state but has no history of mental disorders. After some prodding, a friend admits that they were at a party where they were taking PCP. Which question would be the most useful for the doctor to ask that might indicate if Dayo is experiencing a substance-induced psychotic episode? *Does Dayo have family members diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder? *Does Dayo have a history of ever being hit by or almost run over by a truck in the recent past? *Has Dayo suffered any type of head injury or been in any kind of a motor vehicle accident? *Has Dayo been severely depressed and untreated for this over the past six weeks?

Does Dayo have family members diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder? Correct! Individuals with a likely genetic diathesis for psychosis are more likely to have a psychotic reaction to some drugs.

Adhita is writing a paper on schizophrenia for her class. In discussing the differing hypotheses about the cause of schizophrenia, which sentence below would be the most accurate to include in her paper? *Multiple studies have demonstrated that drug dependence can create atrophy in the occipital cortex. *Post-mortem brain analyses showed too much grey matter development compared to white matter. *Early studies suggested that an excess of dopamine in the brain produced psychotic symptoms. *Imaging studies have indicated that schizophrenia involves compression of the ventricles of the brain.

Early studies suggested that an excess of dopamine in the brain produced psychotic symptoms. Correct! Early studies suggested too much dopamine might be generating psychotic symptoms; more recent studies have shown other neurotransmitters such as serotonin and glutamate may also be involved.

Eleanor has schizophrenia and her mother, Therese, has delusional disorder. Which of the following situations is most likely to be true? *Eleanor responded well to therapy and is back to work; Therese had a good response to ECT. *Eleanor thinks that aliens are controlling her thoughts; Therese believes she is the Queen of England. *Eleanor feels spiders crawling all over her; Therese says things that are illogical and make no sense. *Eleanor doesn't enjoy any of her previous hobbies; Therese does not change her clothes for days.

Eleanor thinks that aliens are controlling her thoughts; Therese believes she is the Queen of England.

Every day after classes, Fahari goes and sits at a bus stop across the street from a house where a young married man lives that she is convinced is in love with her. She waits for him to send a signal of his love for her and has started putting love notes in his mailbox. The two of them have never met, and the young man does not know who she is. What type of delusion is Fahari experiencing? Thought insertion Grandiose Erotomanic Delusional jealousy Delusional jealousy

Erotomanic Correct! Erotomanic delusions involve the belief that someone else is in love with the person with the delusion.

What is the major difference between the symptoms of Eve, who has been dianosed with schizophrenia, and MJ, who has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder? *Eve experiences only depressive episodes and suicidal thoughts, while MJ experiences intense mood swings including both mania and depression. *Eve has experienced some depressive episodes that come and go, while MJ has experienced depression during most of her psychosis. *Eve's psychosis has lasted at least two years while MJ's psychotic episodes have only been occurring for five months. *Eve's delusions tend to focus on external concerns (like being monitored) while MJ's delusions are internally focused on herself and her failings.

Eve has experienced some depressive episodes that come and go, while MJ has experienced depression during most of her psychosis.

Lidia is thinking about stopping her antipsychotic medication because of the side effects that she is experiencing. She noticed herself showing her teeth when speaking and times when her tongue sticks out without any effort on her part. Sitting watching TV she has also felt times when her neck started moving on its own. What types of side effects is she experiencing? Spasmodic Extrapyramidal Peripheral Metabolic

Extrapyramidal

Recently, Terrence enrolled in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Which of the following describes what he will be doing in his sessions? *Recognizing and challenging his own cognitive biases and working through examples with peers. *Learning to recognize others' feelings and thoughts and computer exercises for cognitive skills. *Role-playing with peers about how to handle situations and apply feedback to his daily life. *Learning to balance setting and acting on goals based on his values and accepting his symptoms.

Learning to balance setting and acting on goals based on his values and accepting his symptoms.

For several years now Terri has struggled with intense depressive episodes. During some of these episodes, she has told her family and others that she is actually dead; even when doctors have pointed out that she has a heartbeat and temperature, she insists that she has already died. During some of these episodes, she also describes feeling her bones cracking as they decay and can hear ghosts speaking to her. When treatment reduces her depression, the psychotic symptoms are no longer evident. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for her given this information? Organic psychotic disorder not otherwise specified Major depression with psychotic symptoms Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type Schizophreniform disorder

Major depression with psychotic symptoms Correct! Terri's mood disorder is the prominent feature of her situation; she does experience psychosis, but only during mood disruptions.

In addition to the use of antipsychotics to treat psychotic symptoms, treatment for schizoaffective disorder is more likely to include which forms of treatment compared with schizophrenia? Mood stabilizing medication and psychotherapy c/ Group therapy and insight-oriented psychotherapy Nutritional therapy and second-tier antipsychotic medications Brain stimulation therapies and antidepressants

Mood stabilizing medication and psychotherapy Correct! Mood stabilizers may help reduce the severity of manic or depressive episodes and psychotherapy can assist with preventing re-hospitalization.

Elena has been suffering from increased difficulty thinking and speaking logically to others as well as talking to people that others don't see for the past couple of weeks. Her family takes her in to see a physician. Can the doctor diagnose her with schizophrenia? No. She is only showing two symptoms, which is not enough to be given a diagnosis for the disorder. Yes. She is experiencing psychotic symptoms and would meet the necessary criteria for the disorder. Yes. Because Elena is manifesting more than one positive symptom, she is experiencing the disorder. No. Her psychotic symptoms have only lasted for two weeks, which is not enough time for a diagnosis.

No. Her psychotic symptoms have only lasted for two weeks, which is not enough time for a diagnosis. Correct! Because other situations can also produce psychotic symptoms, Elena must show ongoing symptoms for a minimum of six months with one month's duration of active, positive symptoms.

For several months, Brooke frequently hears unusual noises like voices babbling, is having trouble speaking to others because they can't understand her, and in the past month had several days where she had periods of pacing back and forth for hours while muttering to herself, sometimes shouting out loud. Can Brooke be diagnosed with Brief Psychotic Disorder? *No; she is not manifesting any evidence of delusional thinking, so she would not qualify for the disorder. *No; the symptoms have lasted longer than would be expected in order to qualify for the disorder. *Yes; although she has several symptoms, none of them last very long, so she meets the criteria. *Yes; for schizophrenia, symptoms last at least six months, so she would fall under this disorder instead.

No; the symptoms have lasted longer than would be expected in order to qualify for the disorder.

Roald is a clinician. A new patient has been admitted to the hospital for evaluation when he threatened his girlfriend and repeatedly telling her that he knew she was cheating on him. Roald has determined that in order to diagnose the patient, he needs to differentiate between delusional disorder and schizophrenia. Which one of the following situations would contribute to Roald diagnosing delusional disorder? On the unit, the patient functions well, gets along, and does not show any unusual behaviors. The patient tells the nurse to turn off the radio because it bothers him, but the radio was not on. When he speaks or answers questions, the patient usually only answers with one or two words. While interviewing the girlfriend, Roald learns that the patient has been using cocaine frequently.

On the unit, the patient functions well, gets along, and does not show any unusual behaviors. Correct! With delusional disorder, apart from behaviors related to the specific content of the delusion(s), the person can function relatively well at home or at work.

Keyon has been experiencing extrapyramidal side effects from his antipsychotic medication that concern him greatly. What types of side effects is Keyon most likely experiencing? *Persistent blurred vision, weight gain, and dry mouth that affects his ability to talk. *Decreased energy, difficulty getting out of bed, and persistent fatigue throughout the day. *Increased mood swings that have led to outbursts against his boss at work and family. *Pain in his muscles, restlessness, and repetitive shrugging that he can't control.

Pain in his muscles, restlessness, and repetitive shrugging that he can't control. Correct! These are EPS symptoms related to akathisia and dystonia.

A clinician asks Sofia, "Could you tell me more about your concerns with the Post Office?" Sofia chuckles and says, "I love digging; digging makes you stronger, and when I put that tree in there if anyone tries to bother me, I can tell them to get away from me." Sofia appears to be suffering what type of psychotic symptom? a delusion a hallucination personality dissociation disorganized thinking

disorganized thinking

Mateo has been spending a lot of time cleaning his house and office. When asked why, he says that he keeps smelling a terrible smell like rotten meat that makes him gag. Given that Mateo has schizophrenia, what type of symptom is he experiencing? positive internal external negative

positive

29-year old Mary was admitted to the hospital after threatening suicide. In meeting with the psychiatrist, Mary revealed that she suffered from depression for as long as she could remember, but for the past few months, she had been hearing voices telling her to do certain things. What diagnosis will Mary likely receive? schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder bipolar II disorder substance-induced psychosis

schizoaffective disorder Correct! This is the correct diagnosis, as the patient presents both mood symptoms and those of psychosis. More specifically, this individual would also be noted for having schizoaffective disorder with depression and catatonia.

Devin was convinced that people were following him. He started hearing voices, and would stare out the window for hours without moving. He eventually dropped out of school and lost his job because of the paranoia. Devin most likely has dissociative identity disorder. bipolar disorder. panic disorder. schizophrenia.

schizophrenia. Correct. Devin seems to be displaying the positive symptoms of delusions and audible hallucinations, and the negative symptom of catatonia, that make it difficult for him to function, consistent with schizophrenia.

Mario was hospitalized for several weeks after being diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder. He was given an atypical antipsychotic which reduced the severity of his psychotic symptoms and was then transferred to a day treatment facility and group home for further care. What would be the next step in his treatment? *Physical conditioning and nutrition training to improve physical health and reduce negative symptoms. *Psychosocial treatments to improve coping skills, educate his family, and occupational therapy. *An insight-oriented form of psychotherapy to assist him in overcoming denial and accepting himself. *Combined medication using an anti-anxiety drug to assist him in improving social interactions.

Psychosocial treatments to improve coping skills, educate his family, and occupational therapy.

Roland is anxious and upset. The psychologist he went to see just explained the assessment results and told him that he has schizoaffective disorder. Roland says, "What caused this? How could this happen?" What is the most accurate answer the psychologist could give? *Right now, we don't have a specific answer; it is probably due to a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and social factors. *I'm sorry, but this appears to be a condition that is primarily influenced by genetic factors that you have inherited from your parents. *Your episodes of hearing voices and having trouble relating to others seems to have triggered your manic and depressive episodes. *The early childhood trauma you experienced, combined with your history of drug use while you were in high school is the best explanation.

Right now, we don't have a specific answer; it is probably due to a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and social factors. Correct! There have not been enough studies to determine a specific etiology for schizoaffective disorder yet.

Alan is having a psychotic episode. Which of the following describes his experience? *Alan isolates himself, does not appear to enjoy social interaction, and rarely seeks friendship. *Alan feels a high level of anxiety and stress in his life and frequently does not want to get out of bed. *Alan hears someone speaking to him, but there is no one there or he hears odd sounds like radio static. *Alan doesn't sleep much but has excessive energy during the day and has trouble concentrating.

Alan hears someone speaking to him, but there is no one there or he hears odd sounds like radio static. Correct! This is an example of auditory hallucinations; Alan is perceiving auditory sounds without external stimuli.

After some time in the hospital and in residential treatment, Breyonna has begun to participate in a treatment where she participates in structured group activities to practice interacting with others, being able to understand them, and resolve conflicts; she also spends time on the computer participating in exercises and therapeutic games that are designed to strengthen her ability to concentrate, process information, and problem-solve. What type of treatment program is she in? Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Metacognitive Training Cognitive Enhancement Therapy

Cognitive Enhancement Therapy Correct! CET is focused on enhancing cognitive skills, preventing loss of grey matter in the brain, and fostering social cognition.

Richard thinks that schizophrenia might develop as a result of maladaptive parental communication that sends contradictory messages and causes confusion and psychotic symptoms. His friend tells him that this type of reasoning is not supported by the research data. Richard had been considering what debunked previous explanation for schizophrenia? Unconscious intrusion Double-bind communication Psychoemotional overload Sociocultural interaction

Double-bind communication

For several weeks now Diego has been living on his own, although he receives support from a visiting social worker and participates in a day treatment program where he is part of a group focused on Social Skills Training. What kinds of activities does Diego engage in with this group? *He discusses examples and group discussions about cognitive biases and how to evaluate them. *He explores with others how to balance questioning his own thinking with acceptance of symptoms. *He participates in role-plays and receives feedback and discusses how to use the skills in his life. *He practices noticing his own sensations and thoughts and reducing shame and self-criticism.

He participates in role-plays and receives feedback and discusses how to use the skills in his life.

Julio just lost his wife yesterday to suicide; although she had experienced periods of depression over the years, he had not expected her to attempt suicide. He now has to care for his three children alone. Which of the following situations would most likely qualify Julio to be diagnosable with brief psychotic disorder? *He shows a slow but gradually intensifying pattern of psychotic symptoms lasting for six weeks *He shows a recurrence of intense social anxiety and isolates himself from others, including family *He shows an intense depressive episode and begins to experience delusions for three weeks *He shows psychotic symptoms within a couple of weeks that last for 10 days and then stop

He shows psychotic symptoms within a couple of weeks that last for 10 days and then stop Correct! Psychotic symptoms must last at least one day but less than one month followed by complete remission.

Chris's family has been involved in his rehab program after going through a substance-abuse induced psychotic episode; they also participated in family therapy with him to address conflicts and tensions within the family. Chris is going to be released shortly from his residential treatment program and has already received his prescriptions for second generation antipsychotics. What would be the next step in his treatment? *Recreation therapy to help him reduce stress levels and learn how to enjoy other activities. *Psychosocial treatment program to improve self-care and work-related skills. *Individual therapy with CBT to determine how to prevent relapse of psychosis and drug use. *Sustained combination therapy with antidepressants to prevent emotional upheaval.

Individual therapy with CBT to determine how to prevent relapse of psychosis and drug use.

Which of the following persons is most likely to be diagnosed with brief psychotic disorder? *Takeshi lives in Tokyo; he is single, and works as a web designer in a tech company. *Conny lives in Sweden, has two children, and is an artist. *Jamal, who lives in Boston, is recently divorced, and a regular alcohol drinker. *Layla is a woman from Vietnam who recently moved to America and recently gave birth to her first child.

Layla is a woman from Vietnam who recently moved to America and recently gave birth to her first child.

Leila and John are from the same country and generally have similar life histories in terms of their development, education, and life stressors. Which one of them has a greater risk of receiving a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder? *It depends on their country; in developing nations, women are more likely to be diagnosed. *Leila *John *Neither; unlike some other disorders, men and women have equal rates of this disorder.

Neither; unlike some other disorders, men and women have equal rates of this disorder.

If Stevie is showing evidence of positive signs of schizophrenia, what might that look like? *She demonstrates increased positive emotions, similar to mania but more intense. *She demonstrates a need for immediate action and attention. *Her symptoms trigger additional symptoms in a type of feedback loop that gets worse over time. *She demonstrates uncommon or unusual thoughts and behaviors.

She demonstrates uncommon or unusual thoughts and behaviors. Correct! Positive symptoms are additional behaviors that are unusual or atypical.

Sophia is taking a typical antipsychotic for her schizophrenia while Madison was prescribed an atypical antipsychotic for her schizoaffective disorder. What is the major difference between these two drugs? Sophia's drug targets the D1-like family while Madison's drug targets the D2-like family. Sophia's drug reduces positive and negative symptoms while Madison's includes a mood stabilizer. Sophia's medication increases dopamine levels while Madison's medication decreases them. Sophia's medication is a strong antagonist for D2 receptors while Madison's is a weaker antagonist.

Sophia's medication is a strong antagonist for D2 receptors while Madison's is a weaker antagonist.

Cooper smoked marijuana at a party over the weekend, and on Monday, he was still experiencing hallucinations and was panicked about going to school. He acted paranoid and mistrustful of everyone, so the point where his family recommended him to a counselor. Which diagnosis best aligns with his symptoms? Stimulant-induced psychosis Schizophreniform disorder Schizophrenia Schizoaffective disorder

Stimulant-induced psychosis

Felipe was diagnosed with schizophrenia when he was younger and was prescribed a first-generation antipsychotic medication to reduce the intensity of his psychotic symptoms. These drugs were initially developed based on what major idea at the time? The Cortico-Limbic Suppression Hypothesis The Reserpine Cascade hypothesis The Dopamine Hypothesis of schizophrenia The Neuroleptic Pathway Theory

The Dopamine Hypothesis of schizophrenia Correct! Schizophrenia was thought to result from excessive dopamine in the brain.

Which of the following statements is accurate with regard to the relationship between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder? *Schizophreniform disorder is diagnosed for persons younger than 21 and schizophrenia is for adults older than 21. *The disorders have the same list of symptoms; they differ in how long the person has been symptomatic. *Schizophrenia is a type of psychotic disorder while schizophreniform disorder is a type of personality disorder. *Schizophreniform disorder is a milder form of schizophrenia and doesn't require as many symptoms for diagnosis.

The disorders have the same list of symptoms; they differ in how long the person has been symptomatic.

It is now eleven o'clock and Tyrone has not come out of his room nor had breakfast. Slightly concerned, his roommate knocks on the door and peeks into his room to find Tyrone hiding behind his desk. When he asks what is going on, Tyrone says that he knows that the Residential Assistant is monitoring his thoughts and plans to take over his body when he sees him next. What psychotic symptom is Tyrone experiencing? a delusion a hallucination flat affect disorganized thinking

a delusion Correct! Tyrone is experiencing an unusual belief that is contradictory to social and cultural expectations.

During a clinical interview, Elliott displays clear negative symptoms of schizophrenia. What does this refer to? an absence or reduction of common behaviors, reactions, and emotions the presence of emotional exaggeration or overreaction to minor social situations behaviors that tend to generate increased tension or conflict with other persons symptoms that demonstrate that his schizophrenia is getting worse and more intense

an absence or reduction of common behaviors, reactions, and emotions Correct! Negative symptoms are subtractive, reflecting a decrease or absence of common reactions and behaviors such as flat affect.