Abnormal Psychology Chapters 1-3

In which clinical evaluation process would a clinician use tasks, questions, and observation to assess a client's cognitive, psychological, and behavioral functioning?

mental status examination

A _______ embodies a theoretical approach that helps researchers and therapists identify relevant information, ask appropriate questions, make educated guesses about the causes of mental disorders, and organize information in a meaningful way.

model

The model that provides an organizational framework for understanding the numerous influences on the development of mental disorders, the complexity of their interacting components, and the need to view disorders from a holistic framework is the _____.

multipath model

A computerized axial tomography (CT) scan uses _____.

multiple X-ray images to produce three-dimensional cross-section brain structure images

Kelly, a research assistant in a drug test, is giving pills with the active ingredient to some participants and a placebo to others. A double-blind design was used. Therefore, _____.

neither Kelly nor the participants know which pill a participant received

What allows the brain to change to compensate for injury or to adapt to environmental changes?

neuroplasticity

An important component of the newest cognitive-behavioral ("third wave") therapies is _____.

nonreactive attention to emotions

In a(n) _____, an examiner attempts to uncover a client's attitudes, unconscious conflicts, and personality characteristics by having the client to respond to ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots, pictures, or incomplete sentences.

projective personality test

A characteristic of case studies is that _____.

the data gathered are often biased toward the researcher's theoretical perspective

Many of the concerns that have been expressed about DSM-5 are related to _____.

the potential for a significant increase in the number of people who are diagnosed as having a mental disorder

According to DSM-5, in order for symptoms to indicate a disorder, _____.

the symptoms must cause significant distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

A researcher finds that for every two hours psychology students spend each week studying their abnormal psychology textbook, the students' scores on the course tests improve by an average of 15 points. What can the researcher appropriately conclude from these data?

There is a positive correlation between the extra study hours and the increased test scores

Because of his increasingly aggressive behaviors toward friends and family over the past several months, Tomas' parents have sought professional help. The psychologist, who favors a social-relational model of psychopathology, states that the entire family will need to participate in counseling sessions. This is most likely based on the assumption that _____.

Tomas' behavior indicates that one or more aspects of his family's relationship was dysfunctional

In the famous experiment with the infant Albert, John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrated that _____ can produce a mental disorder.

classical conditioning

In order for a test, procedure, or classification system to be considered reliable, it must _____.

consistently produce the same results when administered in the same circumstances

A(n) _____ is a measurable biological characteristic of a disorder that is heritable, is seen in family members who do NOT manifest the disorder, and occurs more frequently in affected families than in the general population.

endophenotype

Data from a survey about stress-related disorders that is used in a(n) _____ study is particularly suited for providing information about the prevalence, distribution, and interrelationships among stress disorders.

epidemiological

A(n) _____ is the best method for establishing cause and effect relationships.

experiment

Researchers want to study how people in the Midwest responded to the stress of having their town destroyed by a natural disaster. To conduct their research, they visit the area and observe the residents' behaviors, while being careful to minimize their influence on the residents. This is an example of a(n) _____ study.

field

Which part of the brain contains brain structures associated with characteristics that make us human, such as thoughts, perceptions, intelligence, language, personality, imagination, planning, organization, and decision making?

forebrain

A criticism of the Rorschach Test is that _____

interpretation of the results is subject to the evaluator's bias

Using a one-dimensional model (i.e., biological, psychological, social, or sociocultural) to diagnose and treat a mental disorder _____.

is overly simplistic and ignores the possibility of multiple causes

Family and other interpersonal relationships, love, marital status, and community connections are examples of the _____ dimension of the development of mental disorders.

social

Race, gender, sexual orientation, and spirituality are examples of _____ factors that can influence the development of mental disorders.

sociocultural

According to the assumptions about the sociocultural dimension of the multipath model, _____.

the cultural groups to which we belong may expose us to unique stressors

The scientific method _____.

uses controlled observation to test hypotheses