Abnormal Psychology Chapters 13, 14, & 15 Review Questions

Approximately _____ % of the world population suffers from schizophrenia at some point in their life. a. 1% b. 5% c. 9% d. 14%

a. 1%

How is milieu therapy related to social breakdown syndrome? a. Milieu therapy incorporates institutional practices that are likely to prevent social breakdown syndrome b. Milieu therapy is more likely to produce social breakdown syndrome than institutional practices that were used prior to the 1950s c. Milieu therapy is costlier to implement than other approaches, which is why it is rarely used to prevent social breakdown syndrome d. Milieu therapy uses institutional practices that neither cause nor prevent social breakdown syndrome

a. Milieu therapy incorporates institutional practices that are likely to prevent social breakdown syndrome

What differentiates a person with gender dysphoria from a transgender person? a. a person with gender dysphoria experiences extreme distress & impairment over his/her gender incongruence b. a person with gender dysphoria is content with his/her transgendered experiences c. a transgender person is unhappy with his/her biological gender; a person with gender dysfunction is not d. people with gender dysphoria want reassignment surgery; transgender people do not

a. a person with gender dysphoria experiences extreme distress & impairment over his/her gender incongruence

Jerry is resident in a psychiatric ward. When he makes his bed, brushes his teeth, & sweeps the floor, he gets a plastic chip. He can exchange the plastic chips he has earned for extra privileges, such as additional TV time. This example illustrates the basic features of: a. a token economy b. milieu therapy c. social therapy d. a behavioral contract

a. a token economy

If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years & gradually developed a problem with becoming aroused under any condition, the type of dysfunction would be called: a. lifelong & situational b. acquired & situational c. lifelong & generalized d. acquired & generalized

a. acquired & situational

Which of the following drugs, when used at low levels, may raise the sex drive? a. alcohol b. cocaine c. amphetamines d. pain medication

a. alcohol

Antipsychotic drugs were discovered accidentally when researchers were trying to develop: a. antihistamines b. analgesics c. sedatives d. antibiotics

a. antihistamines

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animal around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, & comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) ____ hallucination & a delusion of ____ a. auditory; grandeur b. tactile; control c. olfactory; reference d. gustatory; persecution

a. auditory; grandeur

I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new multiple choice test item; I just don't seem to care. My behavior is like that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called: a. avolition b. ahedonia c. inappropriate affect d. flat affect

a. avolition

The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, & therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure: a. before birth b. between birth & 2 years old c. during puberty d. during the 2 years just after puberty

a. before birth

A recently married, physically healthy man expresses great love for his new spouse, yet he feels almost no sexual desire for her. One likely cause of his condition is: a. belief in a cultural double standard about women b. decreased testosterone output due to drinking on his wedding night c. increased estrogen output now that he has settled down d. a relationship that is too positive & healthy

a. belief in a cultural double standard about women

Those with schizophrenia who stop responding to their environment & remain motionless & silent for long periods of time are experiencing: a. catatonic stupor b. catatonic excitement c. catatonic rigidity d. catatonic posturing

a. catatonic stupor

If you went to a meeting of a group lobbying for better care for the mentally ill & made up primarily of family members of people with severe mental disorders, you would probably be attending: a. the National Alliance on Mental Illness b. the Association for Citizens with Mental Illness c. the Society for Social Workers & Case Managers d. the Halfway House Paraprofessional Affiliates

a. the Nation Alliance on Mental Illness

Which statement about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate? a. close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia b. fraternal twins have a higher concordance for schizophrenia than do identical twins. c. those with schizopghrenia who have been adopted are more like their adoptive parents than like their biological parents d. recent family studies eliminate the confounding of environment & genetics

a. close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than distant relatives of those with schizophrenia

In the treatment of schizophrenia, a case manager's primary goal is to help with: a. coordinating services b. finding employment for clients c. training staff d. administering medication

a. coordinating services

Since 1950, interest in psychological explanations for schizophrenia, as opposed to genetic & biological explanations, have: a. decreased, then increased b. increased, then decreased c. decreased steadily d. stayed the same

a. decreased, then increased

The symptom of schizophrenia most likely to be relieved by antipsychotic drugs is: a. delusions b. flat affect c. lack of speech d. lack of purpose

a. delusions

According to Masters & Johnson, the resolution phase of the sexual response cycle is more gradual & less sudden in women when they: a. do not experience orgasm b. do not experience arousal c. experience a sexual averison d. have experienced multiple orgasms

a. do not experience orgasm

Recently, the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that: a. effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, & GABA, as well as dopamine b. excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kinds of schizophrenia c. atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine receptors d. those with catatonic schizophrenia respond better to atypical than to traditional antipsychotic drugs

a. effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, & GABA, as well as dopamine

If someone felt assigned to the wrong sex & identified with the opposite gender, that person would MOST likely receive a diagnosis of: a. gender dysphoria b. homosexuality c. fetishism d. sexual dysfunction

a. gender dysphoria

Which does NOT belong with the others? a. graduated dilators b. masturbatory satiation c. orgasmic reorientation d. aversion therapy

a. graduated dilators

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder differs form male hypoactive sexual desire disorder MOST notably in that it: a. includes difficulties in both the desire & arousal stages of the sexual response cycle b. leads to reproductive difficulties c. is much more likely to have a physical cause than a psychological cause d. is much more difficult to treat

a. includes difficulties in both the desire & arousal stages of the sexual response cycle

What was the dominant way of treating people with schizophrenia during the first half of the 20th century? a. institutionalization b. outpatient services c. individual psychotherapy d. treatment with neuroleptic drugs

a. institutionalization

If a woman had never experienced normal sexual functioning with her husband & had a problem with becoming aroused with him but found she could be aroused with other men, the type of dysfunction would be called: a. lifelong & situational b. acquired & situational c. lifelong & generalized d. acquired & generalized

a. lifelong & situational

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a: a. lower socioeconomic level b. middle socioeconomic level c. professional socioeconomic level d. privileged (wealthy) socioeconomic level

a. lower socioeconomic level

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia: a. people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present b. people with certain psychosocial stressors will develop schizophrenia in the absence of a biological predisposition c. biological predispositions for schizophrenia override any evidence for the importance of psychosocial stressors d. people with certain biological predispositions will develop schizophrenia in the absence of psychosocial stressors

a. people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present

A man awakens after 8 hours of normal sleep & has an unbroken snap gauge band. There is a good chance that the man has a: a. physical basis for his erectile problems b. socioculturally related erectile disorder c. psychologically related erectile disorder d. normal sex life

a. physical basis for his erectile problems

An individual who displays serious psychotic symptoms, but would not benefit from being sent to a large state psychiatric hospital for a long period of time, would BEST be served by: a. short-term hospitalization in a local psychiatric unit b. aftercare c. a halfway house d. a sheltered workshop

a. short-term hospitalization in a local psychiatric unit

The term schizophrenia is derived from the Greek for: a. split mind b. frantic mind c. multiple personality d. hysterical demeanor

a. split mind

In a person who has an unusually long resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, which of the following is MOST likely? a. the person is a man b. the person is a teenager c. the person did not have an orgasm d. the person was never aroused

a. the person is a man

Delia does not display the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms anymore. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit withdrawn & not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally function in the world. This is an example of: a. the residual phase of schizophrenia b. catatonic schizophrenia c. paranoid schizophrenia d. undifferentiated schizophrenia

a. the residual phase of schizophrenia

A person diagnosed with schizophrenia is not hospitalized, yet eventually shows complete remission of symptoms. This pattern is: a. typical of what happens in developing countries b. typical of what happens in developed countries c. unusual; not being hospitalized in typical in developing countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developed countries d. unusual; not being hospitalized is typical in developed countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developing countries

a. typical of what happens in developing countries

The finding that the highest rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia? a. viral theory b. genetic theory c. dopamine theory d. biochemical theory

a. viral theory

Most patients who lived on the hospital wards in state mental hospitals in the mid-1900s: a. were people with schizophrenia b. received individual "talk therapy" with no success c. interacted well with each other but not with staff members d. were in fact violent criminals

a. were people with schizophrenia

Which is NOT consistent with the most common pattern of schizophrenia? a. women develop the disorder earlier & more severely than men b. there is a significant risk of suicide attempt - about 25% c. there is a higher incidence in lower than upper socioeconomic groups d. there is about a 1% risk of developing schizophrenia in a lifetime, worldwide

a. women develop the disorder earlier & more severely than men

Sometimes people are released from treatment facilities into communities & then return after a few months. They are then released once more, & then return again. This is often called the: a. "roller coaster" pattern b. "revolving door" pattern c. "circle of disease" pattern d. "open door" pattern

b. "revolving door" pattern

_____ is a life-threatening drop in white blood cells that is occasionally produced by the drug Clozapine. a. Lymphocytosis b. Agranulocytosis c. Halitosis d. Phagocytosis

b. Agranulocytosis

Which second-generation antipsychotic drug is the LEAST likely to cause tardive dyskinesia? a. Zyprexa b. Clozapine c. Risperdal d. Abilify

b. Clozapine

Which finding would argue AGAINST the idea that low sexual desire in women is caused by societal treatment of women? a. the same drugs that interfere with ejaculation in men cause low sexual desire in women b. a sexually restrictive history is equally common among women with & without low sexual desire c. clitoral orgasms are just as common & pleasurable as vaginal orgasms d. erotic fantasies are more common in women with low sexual desire than in those without it

b. a sexually restrictive history is equally common among women with & without low sexual desire

A person who once experienced normal to above-normal levels of sexual desire recently has begun to feel much less sexual desire than normal. A sexual dysfunction following this pattern would be called: a. situational b. acquired c. lifelong d. generalized

b. acquired

Which BEST supports the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia? a. like those with Parkinsonism, those with schizophrenia have unusually low levels of dopamine b. antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinsonism symptoms c. antipsychotic drugs increase the rate of firing at dopamine receptor sites d. dopamine levels vary across the different kinds of schizophrenia

b. antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinsonsim symptoms

A family with a high level of expressed emotion may display a great deal of: a. concern b. criticism c. joyfulness d. underinvolvement

b. criticism

Martin is a person with schizophrenia who feels ambivalent about most issues. He has no goals & does not seem to have the energy or interest to think about them. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from: a. disturbances in affect b. disturbances in volition c. a disturbed sense of self d. a disturbed relationship with the outside world

b. disturbances in volition

If, during intercourse, a woman repeatedly stimulates her male partner to the point when he almost reaches orgasm & then stops, he is probably being treated for: a. erectile dysfunction b. early ejaculation c. orgasmic dysfunction d. dyspareunia

b. early ejaculation

Being mindful of one's hallucinations & accepting them: a. causes the hallucinations to be more intense & distracting b. enables people to cope with them & move forward with their lives c. fuels other symptoms of schizophrenia, ultimately making them more severe d. leads to a gradual deterioration in cognitive functioning

b. enables people to cope with them & move forward with their lives

If a person receives the chemical L-dopa, a precursor of dopamine, it reduces the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, L-dopa may increase symptoms of schizophrenia. What can reasonably be concluded from this? a. L-dopa causes schizophrenia b. excessive dopamine produces schizophrenia-like symptoms c. antipsychotic medication decreases the amount of L-dopa in the brain d. antipsychotic medication increases the amount of dopamine in the brain

b. excessive dopamine produces schizophrenia-like symptoms

The campus bra bandit steals women's underwear from the campus laundry & then masturbates into the underwear. The MOST accurate diagnosis would be: a. no diagnosis; this behavior falls within normal limits b. fetishism c. transvestic fetishism d. exhibitionistic fetishism

b. fetishism

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder may include all of the folloiwng EXCEPT: a. engaging in a low level of sexual activity b. finding sexual activity repulsive c. lacking interest in sexual activity d. having normal physical sexual responses

b. finding sexual activity repulsive

In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, & then he moves away. The MOST likely diagnosis for this man is: a. pedophilia b. frotteurism c. sexual masochism d. hypoxyphilia

b. frotteurism

Helena was just discharged from a public mental health facility. She went to live with other former patients in a group-living arrangement. There were staff members there to help, but the residents controlled most of the day-to-day activities. Helena's living arrangement is a: a. day center b. halfway house c. short-term hospital d. sheltered workshop

b. halfway house

In the middle of a calm conversation, a person with Tourette's syndrome might suddenly begin shouting & follow that with a string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called: a. blunted & flat affect b. inappropriate affect c. poverty of speech d. loss of volition

b. inappropriate affect

If Dr. Henson is looking for a biological cause of an erectile disorder, she would MOST productively look for a: a. neurological problem b. vascular problem c. reproductive problem d. renal problem

b. vascular problem

The main difference between hallucinations & delusions is that hallucinations: a. are more serious than delusions b. involve perception & delusions involve belief c. are more common early in the disorder & delusions more common later d. are auditory & delusions are visual

b. involve perception & delusions involve belief

A man who has never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse would MOST likely be diagnosed with which type of erectile disorder? a. acquired b. lifelong c. situational d. generalized

b. lifelong

Which is NOT an example of a sociocultural cause of low sexual desire? a. a partner who lacks sexual skills b. loss of a job c. infertility problems d. use of pain medication

b. loss of a job

psychosis means: a. split personality b. loss of contact with reality c. brain seizures d. drug abuse

b. loss of contact with reality

Why are people who take medication for schizophrenia often given medication that helps control shaking & tremors? a. schizophrenia often leads to the development of Parksinonsim b. medication used to treat schizophrenia leads to Parkinson-like symptoms c. dopamine is used to treat both schizophrenia & Parkinson d. too little or too much dopamine (an imbalance) leads to Parkinsonism & schizophrenia

b. medication used to treat schizophrenia leads to Parkinson-like symptoms

Schizophrenia researchers have been: a. about equally successful in identifying biological & psychological origins of schizophrenia b. more successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia c. more successful in identifying psychological origins than biological origins of schizophrenia d. frustratingly unsuccessful in identifying either biological or psychological origins of schizophrenia

b. more successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia

Poverty of speech, blunted & flat effect, loss of volition, & social withdrawal are all _____ symptoms of schizophrenia a. positive b. negative c. hallucinatory d. psychomotor

b. negative

Millie sees pretty butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ____ symptoms of schizophrenia: a. active b. positive c. negative d. psychomotor

b. positive

Compared with long-term institutionalization, short-term hospitalization that includes aftercare is more likely to: a. produce a backlash among community members who reject aftercare progrms b. produce greater improvement & fewer rehospitalizations c. create a revolving door pattern in which people repeatedly enter & exit institutional care facilities d. create financial burdens on communities & deplete treatment resources

b. produce greater improvement & fewer rehospitalizations

If someone had a sexual dysfunction, we know that this person would NOT be having difficulty in which phase of the sexual response cycle? a. excitement b. resolution c. orgasm d. desire

b. resolution

Downward drift is BEST reflected in which statement? a. poverty & social disruption cause schizophrenia b. schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty & social disruption c. genetic factors cause both schizophrenia & poverty d. schizophrenia causes marital disruption, which causes poverty

b. schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty & social disruptions

Which statement BEST fits the evidence for the biological basis of schizophrenia? a. the gene that causes schizophrenia has been identified in position 21, & it is recessive b. schizophrenia is a polygenetic disorder, probably impacting brain structure & chemical activity c. if someone inherits defects on chromosomes 1-11 & 15-19, that person is likely to experience schizophrenia d. genetic studies have revealed no gene involvement in schizophrenia

b. schizophrenia is a polygenetic disorder, probably impacting brain structure & chemical activity

Based on family pedigree studies, which relative of an individual with a diagnosis of schizophrenia would be MOST at risk for developing the disorder? a. niece b. sister c. child d. fraternal twin

b. sister

Patients who developed extreme withdrawal, anger, physical aggressiveness, & loss of personal hygiene as a result of poor institutional care were showing a pattern known as: a. institutional deterioration b. social breakdown syndrome c. chronic back ward syndrome d. schizophrenic failure to thrive

b. social breakdown syndrome

A patient who receives help in finding work, in finding a place to live, & in taking medication correctly is probably receiving: a. milieu therapy b. social therapy c. family therapy d. insight therapy

b. social therapy

David Rosenhan (1973) sent 8 people to various psychiatric hospitals. All 8 falsely reported hearing voices that said "empty", "hollow," & "thud." After being admitted to 1 of the hospitals, each person acted normally, yet all were diagnosed as have schizophrenia. One of the conclusions from this study is that: a. clinicians are unable to detect "real" schizophrenia b. the expectations produced by labeling can alter perception c. hospitals can produce schizophrenic behavior in normal people d. auditory hallucinations are sufficient for a diagnosis of schizophrenia

b. the expectations produced by labeling can alter perception

Which of the following is NOT a reason for a shortage of services for those with severe psychological disorders? a. there is an insufficient number of community programs available that are designed for those with psychotic disorders b. there are not enough therapists, case manager, & other professionals to fill the positions that are available c. community programs that are available often cater to those with milder psychological problems d. the funding that is available cannot adequately pay for the kinds of services that are needed

b. there are not enough therapists, case managers, & other professionals to fill the positions that are available

Regarding likelihood of recovery & types of symptoms exhibited, which would be the WORST disorder to have? a. Type 1 schizophrenia b. Type 2 schizophrenia c. Type 3 schizophrenia d. Type 4 schizophrenia

b. type 2 schizophrenia

The term neuroleptic is applied to drugs that: a. cure psychosis b. cure schizophrenia c. have potency against depression d. can produce symptoms of neurological disorders

d. can produce symptoms of neurological disorders

Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." Based on research, what is the BEST response? a. "It's true that most homeless people experience a serious psychotic disorder." b. "That's a big myth. Virtually no homeless people are truly schizophrenic." c. "Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia." d. "You should be scared. Mentally ill homeless people are usually violent."

c. "Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia."

What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins? a. 2-5% b. 15-18% c.. 40-50% d. 60-70%

c. 40-50%

Studies relating rates of diagnosis of schizophrenia to poverty & race show: a. a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia & poverty b. a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia & race c. a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia & both race & poverty d. no clear connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia & either race or poverty

c. a connection between diagnosis of schizophrenia & both race & poverty

A person with schizophrenia demonstrates poverty of speech & experiences auditory hallucinations. According to the "Type 1-Type 2" evaluation categorization, this person would be: a. Type 1 b. Type 2 c. a mix of Type 1 & Type 2 d. neither Type 1 nor Type 2, because these types apply only to the prodromal phase

c. a mix of Type 1 & Type 2

Which type of therapy has clients interact with computer-generated on-screen virtual human figures in an attempt to help them overcome their psychological problems? a. psychotherapy b. family therapy c. avatar therapy d. cognitive-behavioral therapy

c. avatar therapy

One of the biggest challenges psychotherapists face when treating a person with schizophrenia is: a. deciding which psychotherapeutic approach will produce the greatest benefit for the client b. teaching the client how to recognize when they are engaging in delusions c. building a trusting relationship with the client d. calibrating the appropriate dosage of antipsychotic medication

c. building a trusting relationship with the client

A woman proclaims, "I am the Virgin Mary, & I've come to give birth to a new savior." This person is MOST likely experiencing: a. delusions of reference b. delusions of persecution c. delusions of grandeur d. delusions of control

c. delusions of grandeur

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly & personally to him. He then decides to go to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from: a. delusions of persecution b. delusions of grandeur c. delusions of reference d. delusions of control

c. delusions of reference

Patients are more likely to recover from schizophrenia if they: a. had hallucination but no delusions b. showed delusions but no hallucinations c. demonstrated good premorbid functioning d. had primarily negative rather than positive signs

c. demonstrated good premorbid functioning

William, a 20-year-old who is having his first sexual relationship, has gone to see a sex therapist about a sexual dysfunction problem. What is William MOST likely suffering from? a. dyspareunia b. inhibited ejaculation c. early ejaculation d. male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

c. early ejaculation

People with schizophrenia who receive 24-hour supervision in a community setting, usually following a milieu approach, are receiving: a. coordinated services b. partial hospitalization c. halfway house services d. occupational training

c. halfway house services

A particular country has a nearly 3% prevalence for schizophrenia. That country: a. has a normal schizophrenia prevalence b. has a lower-than-average schizophrenia prevalence c. has a higher-than-average schizophrenia prevalence d. has such a high schizophrenia prevalence that is almost certainly is a developing country

c. has a higher-than-average schizophrenia prevalence

Milieu therapy is based primarily on the principle of _____ psychology a. cognitive-behavioral b. sociocultural c. humanistic d. psychodynamic

c. humanistic

Which of the following is NOT a symptoms of female sexual interest/arousal disorder? a. lack of clitoral swelling b. lack of interest in sexual activity c. inadequate lubrication during sexual activity d. lack of sexual fantasies

c. inadequate lubrication during sexual activity

A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news & screams in situations that most people see as warm & tender is experiencing: a. cognitive distortion b. delusions of control c. inappropriate affect d. olfactory hallucination

c. inappropriate affect

Which finding BEST argues against the idea that female orgasmic problems are due to society's message to women that they should deny their sexuality? a. many women with arousal & orgasmic difficulties had overly strict religious upbringing b. many women with arousal & orgasmic difficulties were punished for childhood masturbation c. many women with arousal & orgasmic difficulties have a history of rape or child sexual molestation d. many women with arousal & orgasmic difficulties received little information about sex & menstruation

c. many women with arousal & orgasmic difficulties have a history of rape or child sexual molestation

Theorists propose that institutionalized patients deteriorate because they are deprive of opportunities to develop self-respect & independence. The therapy that counters this effect by creating an environment that encourages self-respect & responsibility is known as: a. token therapy b. social therapy c. milieu therapy d. environmental enhancement

c. milieu therapy

Research with those experiencing auditory hallucinations has NOT demonstrated: a. increased blood flow in Broca's area b. increased activity in the brain's hearing center c. movement of the oval window of the cochlea d. increased activity near the brain's surface

c. movement of the oval window of the cochlea

A hospitalized patient no longer talks about delusions & hallucinations, thanks to participating is a token economy program. However, critics of the token economy program would say that the token economy program has: a. worsened the negative symptoms of the disorder b. treated the schizophrenia without medication c. not eliminated the delusions & hallucinations but has improved the patient's ability to imitate normal behavior d. changed a Type 1 disorder into a Type 2 disorder

c. not eliminated the delusions & hallucinations but has improved the patient's ability to imitate normal behavior

Which statement accurately reflects current thinking about psychosis & schizophrenia? a. psychotic behavior is best labeled as schizophrenia b. schizophrenia & psychosis are 2 distinctly different syndromes c. people with different diagnoses can exhibit psychosis; it is not limited to schizophrenia d. people with bipolar disorder or major depression don't exhibit psychosis; only people with schizophrenia do

c. people with different diagnoses can exhibit psychosis; it is not limited to schizophrenia

The stage of the development of schizophrenia marked by deterioration of functioning & the display of some mild symptoms is called the: a. active phase b. residual phase c. prodromal phase d. premorbid phase

c. prodromal phase

Ron & Dora are in sex therapy & are working on eliminating the spectator role. They will likely be advised to: a. have sex in as many different setting as they can manage b. video record their sexual encounters to increase fantasy material c. refrain from having intercourse & focus on other body pleasure instead d. drink small quantities of alcohol to relax

c. refrain from having intercourse & focus on other body pleasure instead

According to Frieda Fromm-Reichmann (1948), schizophrenia is caused by: a. an excess of dopamine b. a schizophrenogenic mother c. regression to a stage of primarry naricissism d. brain abnormalities

c. regression to a stage of primary narcissism

Several people with schizophrenia work at a recycling center, where on-time behavior is expected, & payment is made solely for work completed. The people do not compete with each other. MOST likely, this work takes place at a: a. halfway house b. community mental health center c. sheltered workshop d. community employment center

c. sheltered workshop

Some hospitalized mental patients not only failed to improve but also suffered negative effects of their care. This syndrome is called: a. schizophrenogenesis b. hyperinstitutionalization c. social breakdown syndrome d. downward drift

c. social breakdown syndrome

The duties of case managers are MOST similar to the duties of: a. business managers b. family therapists c. social therapists d. research scientists

c. social therapists

The fact that insurance companies in the US generally covered Viagra but not birth control pills until required to do so by state law supports the idea that: a. birth control pills carry more medical risks than Viagra b. private funds need to cover women's sexual health, but not men's sexual health c. society sets different standards for sexually active men than for women d. the US lags behind other countries (such as Japan) in recognizing women's sexuality

c. society sets different standards for sexually active men than for women

Lisa reports pain during intercourse. It is MOST likely caused by: a. a traumatic psychological event b. relationship difficulties c. some physical condition d. sociocultural expectations related to the female role

c. some physical condition

One of the unwanted & later side effects of antipsychotic medications is: a. paralysis b. hyperactivity c. tardive dyskinesia d. Parkinson's disease

c. tardive dyskinesia

Which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion regarding the use of Viagra & related drugs to treat erectile disorders? a. the drugs are safe but not effective in treating the disorders b. the drugs are safe & effective, but should be used only after careful assessment of what is causing the problem c. the drugs work approximately 75% of the time & are often given without first assessing what is causing the problem d. the drugs are effective but so unsafe that they are no longer prescribed

c. the drugs work approximately 75% of the time & are often given without first assessing what is causing the problem

Why are people who go to strip clubs generally NOT considered to be voyeurs? a. the nudity of the performers is not complete b. there is no sense that people who go there are doing something frowned on by society c. the performers are consenting to being seen by the audience d. the performers are exhibitionists & it's impossible for someone to simultaneously be an exhibitionist & a voyeur

c. the performers are consenting to being seen by the audience

Why might some clinicians favor removing gender dysphoria from the DSM? a. they don't understand the psychological distress transgender people experience b. they believe transgender people are less likely to experience psychological distress c. they believe the stigma of being transgender is what leads to distress d. a good treatment protocol has not been developed

c. they believe the stigma of being transgender is what leads to distress

Which statement is true of state mental hospitals in the US in the mid-twentieth century? a. they were intended to isolate mental patients from the general population b. they were built in large cities, so patients could stay in contact with the "real" world c. they were overcrowded & understaffed d. they were focused on innovative & experimental treatments

c. they were overcrowded & understaffed

The main contribution of Philippe Pinel to the care of those with severe mental illnesses was to: a. develop state hospitals for people who could not afford private care b. use antipsychotic drugs in highly controlled settings c. treat patients with sympathy & kindness d. promote de-institutionalization

c. treat patients with sympathy & kindness

Which statement is MOST accurate about female orgasm? a. approximately 50% of women experience orgasmic disorder b. approximately 25% of women have never experienced an orgasm c. women who are comfortable masturbating are more likely to experience orgasm d. women who rely on clitoral stimulation for orgasm are considered unhealthy

c. women who are comfortable masturbating are more likely to experience orgasm

If one were treated by therapists who believed that patients need to live in a social climate that promotes productive activity, self-respect, & individual responsibility, one would be likely to be living in the: a. 1920s b. 1930s c. 1940s d. 1950s

d. 1950s

Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples: a. are virtually nonexistent b. generally are more severe than among heterosexual couples c. include 2 distinct categories not included among heterosexual dysfunctions d. are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples.

d. are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples

Research suggests that an effective treatment plan for schizophrenia should include: a. biological treatments but not psychological treatments b. biological treatments but not sociocultural treatments c. sociocultural treatments & psychological treatments only d. biological treatments & psychological treatments

d. biological treatments & psychological treatments

The person MOST responsible for coordinating community service & providing practical help with problem-solving social skills & ensuring that medications are being taken properly is a: a. psychiatrist b. clinical psychologist c. nurse practitioner d. case manager

d. case manager

The "rational path to madness" is MOST consistent with a(n): a. existential orientation b. family system orientation c. psychoanalytic orientation d. cognitive-behavioral orientation

d. cognitive-behavioral orientation

Compared with erectile disorder, early ejaculation is: a. common among older men b. likely to have a physical explanation c. likely related to a low testosterone level d. common among men of all ages

d. common among men of all ages

Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her & take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers & seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from: a. delusions of grandeur b. delusions of reference c. delusions of control d. delusions of persecution

d. delusions of perseuction

A person is socially withdrawn, speaks in odd ways, has strange ideas, & expresses little emotion, but she is not displaying full-blown schizophrenia symptoms. What phase of schizophrenia is this person in? a. prodromal b. active c. residual d. either prodromal or residual

d. either prodromal or residual

A woman reports having vivid sexual fantasies, yet she is unable to experience either clitoral or labial swelling or vaginal lubrication. The MOST likely diagnosis for this woman would be: a. vaginismus b. frigidity c. female orgasmic disorder d. female sexual interest/arousal disorder

d. female sexual interest/arousal disorder

If a women is 90 years old & healthy, what is the chance, expressed as a percentage, that she still masturbates at least occasionally? a. less than 1% b. approximately 10% c. approximately 20% d. greater than 20%

d. greater than 20%

If a man is 90 years old & health, what is the chance, expressed as a percentage, that he still masturbates at least occasionally? a. less than 5% b. approximately 20% c. approximately 40$ d. greater than 40$

d. greater than 40%

When Janice drinks her milk, she is sure from the taste that someone put salt in it. Janice is most likely experiencing a(n) ____ hallucination. a. somatic b. auditory c. olfactory d. gustatory

d. gustatory

The neuroleptic side effect marked by muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, & autonomic dysfunction is called: a. dystonia b. akathsiea c. tardive dyskinesia d. neuroleptic malignant syndrome

d. neuroleptic malignant syndrome

In Victorian times, a woman diagnosed as insane was presumed to have a dysfunction of her: a. brain b. soul c. heart d. reproductive organs

d. reproductive organs

The phrase split mind is to ____ as the phrase split personality is to ____ a. delusions; hallucinations b. disordered thinking; disordered behavior c. dissociative identity disorder; schizophrenia d. schizophrenia; dissociative identity disorder

d. schizophrenia; dissociative identity disorder

A woman is perfectly capable of masturbating to orgasm, yet she is unable to reach orgasm with a partner, either through sexual intercourse or through the partner's manual stimulation of her. MOST likely, this type of orgasmic disorder would be called: a. lifelong b. acquired c. generalized d. situational

d. situational

Milieu therapy includes all of the following components EXCEPT: a. creating an atmosphere of mutual respect among residents & staff b. enabling residents to make decisions for themselves c. getting residents to be more active & engaged in daily activities d. teaching residents to recognize when they engage in inappropriate behavior

d. teaching residents to recognize when they engage in inappropriate behavior

Research on the relationship between schizophrenia & family interactions has shown that: a. the rate of schizophrenia is the lowest in families that display the highest levels of expressed emotion b. most people with schizophrenia were raised by parents who were emotionally cold & distant c. interactions among family members for those with schizophrenia is unrelated tot he rate of relapse d. the rate of relapse is lower in families with lower levels of expressed emotion & higher levels of support

d. the rate of relapse is lower in families with lower levels of expressed emotion & higher levels of support

Which is NOT an example of current trends in sex therapy? a. treating partners who are living together but not married b. treating the elderly who have sexual dysfunctions c. treating homosexual people with sexual dysfunctions d. treating only those who do not have other serious psychological problems

d. treating only those who do not have other serious psychological problems

The unusual way of dealing with troublesome or violent people with schizophrenia in institutions in the first half of the 20th century was to: a. use drugs b. beat them c. ignore them d. use physical restraint

d. use physical restraint