Abnormal Psychology Final Exam (2024 - Barbara)

marijuana users in the 1960s were less likely to develop drug dependence than users starting around the year 2000. The trend most likely supports that fact that

the THC content in marijuana has increased

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it CANNOT explain

why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety

A person who experiences which incident is at the greatest risk of developing PTSD

witnessing a freind die from being shot point-blank

Artifact theory differs importantly from other sociocultural theories of depression because it suggests:

women and men are equally likely to develop depression

Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. This form of learning is called

Modeling

What happens when an electrical impulse reaches a neuron's ending

Neurotransmitters are released

Key feature of schizophrenia

Psychosis

A person knows he is being observed and changes his behavior to make a good impression. What is this known as?

Reactivity

compared with typical children, children with autism spectrum disorders are MOST likely to

be socially aloof

the major disadvantage of using force tube-feeding for patients with eating disorders who refuse to eat is that patients may

become distrustful of the medical establishment and uncooperative with further treatment

The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure:

before birth

Thomas hides away in his room and consumes several cartons of ice cream and a couple of boxes of doughnuts in a span of thirty minutes. He felt unable to stop eating until everything was gone, then was overwhelmed with shame at the amount he had consumed. He then goes back to what he was doing before. Thomas most likely has:

binge-eating disorder

The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which theoretical perspective?

biological

if people with unipolar depression were found to have lower levels of norepinephrine, such a finding would support which perspective?

biological perspective

someone who experiences four or more alternations between mild mania (hypomania) and major depression within one-year time span would be classified as having

bipolar 2 rapid cycling

what is true of the relationship between narcissism and aggression

highly narcissistic people may feel entitled to aggression when they are not treated the way they believe they should

What is a FALSE about hallucinations

historically, they have been a sign of a psychological disorder

extreme emotions and the need to be the center of attention are characteristics of:

histrionic disorder

A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until he or she was eating almost nothing, could be experiencing:

restricted type anorexia nervosa

downward drift is reflected by:

schizophrenia causing people to fall into poverty and social distruption

Which personality disorder is least likely to respond well to treatment

narcissistic

A friend of yours says, "A 15-year-old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder." Your accurate reply would be:

"I don't think so; those diagnosis seldom engage in criminal activity"

to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, symptoms must be present for ____ months, during which a person must have been in _________ for 1 month

6; active phase

Which does NOT characterize stress disorders

A compulsive need to engage in acitivities that remind one of the event

Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions and behavior. Which kind of theorist would offer the preceing explanation for anxiety disorders?

A humanistic theorist

What individual would be MOST likely to be classified as exhibiting abnormal behavior?

A person who engages in multiple checking ituals each day and is unable to hold down a job

Devonte does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades. These symptoms MOST likely indicate

ADHD

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently she has started experiencing sudden, extreme fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:

Agoraphobia and panic disorder

The MOST common mental disorders in the US are

Anxiety disorders

If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated, the researcher can conclude that:

As stress increases, health decreases

Joanie has social anxiety. Whenever she has to attend a party, she only speaks to people she knows well. According to the cognitive-behavioral model, this is an example of _____ behavior

Avoidance

One of the nutraceuticals shown to be frequently helpful in treating unipolar depression is:

St. Johns wort

A person who believes a television anchor is speaking directly to them is suffering from:

delusions of reference

What is a typical time frame for a rape survivor's stress level to be at it's highest level?

Between 12 and 20 days after the assault

The therapy found to be most effective for treating phobias is:

CBT

The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit/hyper activity disorder are

CBT AND DRUGS

What is the BEST combination of treatments for OCD

CBT and antidepressant drugs

A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so her behavior is better understood. This study is a...

Case study

A person is diagnosed as having severe generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder represents which part of the diagnosis?

Categorical information

A therapist prescribes a client a drug that causes the patient to vomit every time he drinks alcohol. This therapist is MOST likely a(n):

Cognitive behavioral therapist

Jordan is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying:

Conduct disorder

A person who is having suicidal thoughts and can see no reason for living BEST fits what definition of abnormality?

DANGER

Secrete Service agent steps in front of the president, prepared to be killed or injured if the president's safety is threatened. Psychologically speaking, the agent's behavior is:

Dangerous for the agent but not abnormal

People who are unable to recall important information about themselves, especially of un upsetting nature, the MOST likely experiencing....

Dissociative amnesia

When behavior prevents a person from participating in ordinary social interactions, that behavior is said to be:

Dysfunctional

Which statement about paradigms (perspectives) is FALSE

Each paradigm is complete in itself

Which of the following is a reason for which little controlled research has been devoted to the effectiveness of existential therapy?

Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures

What is trauma, as defined by the DSM-5?

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation

How does fear differ from anxiety

Fear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general

According to the psychodynamic perspective, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can result in a person becoming stuck at a developmental level. This is called:

Fixation

In the 1960's and 1970's, social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories:

Focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life

Arturo is being treated for schizophrenia. He has recently begun experiencing muscular tremors that he has difficulty controlling. What is the MOST likely explanation?

He was prescribed a first-generation antipsychotic

The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because:

Hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded

The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted

Humanistic-existential

months after last taking a drug, former drug abuser still has flashbacks to the sensory and emotional changes experienced during the experience. MOST likely, the abused substance was

LSD

of the following, which has the lowest risk for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change

LSD

With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would most likely be encouraged to:

Let their thoughts flow, without judgement

If researchers studied Vietnam veterans for 30 years after the veterans' return from Vietnam, the study would be classified as:

Longitudinal

In the dark triad of personality traits, what is associated with Machiavellianism

Manipulative

The CBT explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

Misinterpret bodily sensations

A professor's office is a mess, graded tests are in piles on the desk, overflowing bookshelves line the walls, and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on hte floor where there is only a narrow pathway to walk. If the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be in which category

Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

What are the names used for a cluster of personality disorders

Odd, Dramatic, Anxious

Mason's parents aways pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. A such, he continues to steal her toys. This is an example of

Operant conditioning

Loren will not obey his parents. He deliberately does annoying things like putting his feet on tables and refuses to comply with requests to take them down. When threatened with punishment, he says he doesn't care. He is never physically violent or destructive, but otherwise he is completely unmanageable. This is an example of:

Oppositional defiant disorder

Why did many of the asylums in the 1500s became virtual prisons over time?

Overcrowding

although all of these mental disorders are of concern for increased suicide risk, the LEAST likely to be linked to suicide is

PTSD

Ancient societies commonly treated abnormal behavior by

Performing an exorcism

Avery, a 28 year old woman, tells her therapist that she has an intense fear of snakes. She says she has been afraid of snakes ince she was a child. Which additional criterion would suggest that Avery meets the diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia?

Refusal to go to certain places where she believes snakes could be present, such as the lake

The biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that:

Relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than non-relatives are

What is the current status of repressed childhood memories of trauma, as far as the community of clinicians is concerned?

Repressed childhood memories are generally accepted as memories of real events

Schizophrenia vs schizoaffective disodrder

Schizoaffective has the presence of a major depressive or manic episode

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used most often in the treatment of....

Schizophrenia

Frieda Fromm-Reichmann (1948) believed schizophrenia is caused by a:

Schizophrenogenic mother

Which disorder is characterized by severe, persistent, and irrational anxiety about social or performance situations in which the person may face scrutiny by others an possibly feel embarrassment

Social anxiety disorder

which statement about unipolar depression is TRUE?

The large majority of individuals with unipolar depression recover within 6 months, sometimes without treatment.

In which age group does depersonalization-derealization disorder almost never occur?

The middle aged

What is the MOST likely reason that Dr. Hoover seldom prescribes drugs when treating clients with borderline personality disorder

The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdoses

According to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on information they have no way of knowing, is not present in children with autism. They lack

Theory of mind

A patient with schizophrenia who experiences delusions, hallucinations, etc has:

Type I Schizophrenia

Regarding likelihood of recovery and types of symptoms exhibited, what is the WORST type of schizophrenia to have

Type II

Freud belived that all functioning, normal and abnormal, originates from:

Unconscious psychological processes

When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) be considered compulsive behaviors?

When they interfere with daily function and cause distress

"No way I am sending my child through that program. I've heard horror stories about how kids act once they leave" Based on research, this would be accurate about

a juvenile training center

Which of these describes a compulsion

a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perfrom

The principle of multifinality emphasizes that

abnormality arises from an interaction between predisposition and stress

researchers have examined the relationship between the sleep people need and the sleep people get. Based on their findings, which statement is generally true?

across all age groups, people generally get less sleep than they need

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a traumatic event and persists for less than a month is called

acute stress disorder

Salina experienced a sizable earthquake. For a couple of weeks after the event she has trouble sleeping or felt comfortable inside a building. Her fears gradually diminished after a month. Her reaction to the earthquake would MOST likely be diagnosed as an

acute stress disorder

Benzodiazepines work in much the same way as

alcohol

which group is most likely to experience cluster suicides

american indians

the traditional psychophysiological disorder most commonly associated with intense feelings of anger and the presence of bacteria is

an ulcer

Brody no longer enjoys his usual hobbies, talking to his friends, or even playing with his dog. In fact, Brody didn't even care when he learned that he was up for a promotion at work. This BEST describes someone with:

anhedonia

what transformed the treatment of schizophrenia

antipsychotic medications

which personality disorder is marked by a general pattern of disregard for, and violation of, other people's rights

antisocial

Leona doesn't care about any of society's rules and customs, nor does she care about other people. She does not consider the consequences of her actions and sometimes puts others in danger with what she does. She MOST probably is experiencing:

antisocial personality disorder

compared with peopke with AN, most people with BN

are of a more normal weight

research shows that sexual dysfunction among LGBTQ couples

are the same as those seen in heterosexual couple

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture rather than speaking is using a(n)

augmentative communication system

DSM-5 is the first edition of the DSM that requires clinicians to provide

both categorical info and dimensional info

The child most likely to show the first symptom of autism spectrum disorder would be a

boy under 3 years old

The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder includw

brain abnormalities

A person who has had symptoms typically associated with schizophrenia for 3 weeks, what would most likely be her diagnosis

brief psychotic disorder

AA supports the belief that alcoholics should

cease drinking entirely

How are childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder different from adult patterns

children display rage and aggression rather than mania

A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You could conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation?

cognitive - behavioral

increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think my health is being threatened. My therapist tells me I am misinterpreting my bodys normal signals. Which viewpoint is the therapist speaking from

cognitive-behavioral viewpoint

Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in:

compensatory behaviors

If a new test for assessing anorexic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorexic tendencies, then the new test has high

concurrent validity

Carlotta is attacked in the street, and her young daughter is kidnapped. Eventually, the police find her daughter and return her to her mother. She is unable to retain new information; she remembers what happened before the attack but cannot remember new and ongoing experiences. This is a classic example of

continuous amnesia

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son is late for school. This behavior is MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder

covert-nondestructive

Goal of milieu therapy

create a social environment that promotes productive activity, self-respect, and responibility

the disorder marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms is called:

cyclothymic disorder

In time of economic downturn, rates of narcissism

decrease in general

a person exclaiming "I am the Virgin Mary, and I've come to give birth to a new savior" is experiencing

delusions of grandeur

which medical condition is more common in people with bulimia nervosa than those with anorexia nervosa

dental problems

which disorder is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of and fear of separation

depended personality disorder

A person's mental functioning or body feels unreal or foreign. They are MOST likely suffering from

depersonalization

when a person feels that the external world is removed, mechanical, distorted, or even dead, he or she is experiencing

derealization

What is the name of comprehensive treatment approach applied particularly in cases of borderline personality disorder and/or suicidal intent

dialectial behavioral therapy (talk therapy)

the risk of negative side effects for people who take MAO inhibitors can be mitigated by making changed in what aspect of life?

diet

A person with biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop symptoms after significant life stress or other negative events

disathesis-stress model

What is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics noted by researchers in the field?

disinterest in others' opinions

according to seligmans research, dogs that were initially exposed to inescapable electric shocks learned to _______ when given the opportunity to avoid subsequent escapable shocks

do nothing

Cocaine appears to produce its effects primarily through triggering the release of excessive amounts of _____ in the brain.

dopamine

From which pair of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adult hood

enuresis and encopresis (pissin and shittin da bed)

Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socioeconomic background. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology?

equifinality

which hormone can cause decreased sexual desire when present in either low or high levels

estrogen

evidence suggests that restricted affect among people with schizophrenia may express inability to _____ emotions, not inability to _____ them

express; feel

The ability to generalize results from a study of certain individuals to other individuals not studied is called

external validity

Charley brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Charley caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, wanting to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If this assessment is correct, the appropriate diagnosis is:

factitious disorder

Why has suicide become the second leading cause of death in the adolescent age group?

fatal illnesses are uncommon among the youth

A person who shows no emotion, even when one would be appropriate, is desplaying ______ affect

flat

______ is common with dissociative fugue

fleeing to a new location

In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, and then he moves away. The MOST likely diagnosis for this man is:

frotteuristic disorder

transgender people who experience extreme distress over the incongruence of their gender and/or find themselves impaired by it in their social relationships, at work or at school have

gender dysphoria

Although Gio has always taken good care of his health and well-being, over the past month he has been feeling a lot of pressure at work. He finds himself scrambling trying to meet a deadline that is fast approaching. Which change in his behavior may indirectly affect his immune system?

gio is not getting enough sleep because he is so busy working

a person who believes their mission on earth is to save the human race from self-destruction. This is delusion of:

grandeur

Patients are more likely to recover from schizophrenia if they:

had good premorbid functioning

the individual most at risk for suicide is the person who

has schizophrenia and is developmentally disabled

the MOST powerful form of marijuana

hashish

a man is distressed over the fact that he derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing. MOST likely that person would diagnosed as

having transvestic disorder

Most common hallucination

hearing voices in an empty room

when treating anorexia nervosa, which is the first step that should be taken

help person start to regain the lost weight

the drug that, when misused, would most quickly result in addiction

heroin

what is true about narcissists

highly narcissistic people do not tend to have more reasons to feel good about themselves, but they do tend to be better at impression management

_____ seems to be particularly helpful in the control of pain.

hypnosis

A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news or screams in tender situations is experiencing:

inappropriate affect

The number of new cases of a disorder in a population that emerge in a particular time interval is called the

incidence

If a panel of experts evaluate test results and clinical interviews with a client and all arrive at the same diagnosis, that diagnosis is said to have high

interrater reliability

One reason to question the validity of clinical interviews is that

interviewers might make mistakes in how they interpret the info they gather

Someone who intentionally feigns an illness to receive external gain is described as someone who:

is malingering

henry is drinking t a party. the first effects he experiences are changes in

judgment

when alcohol abuse results in a vitamin B deficiency, this can lead to

koraskoffs syndrome

When Marigold sees her healthcare provider for treatment of an allergy, her healthcare provider tells her that her symptoms are factitious. Marigold will most likely:

leave the facility and immediately seek treatment from a different physician

If people with schizophrenia learn to reinterpret and accept their hallucinations, this will produce:

less fear and confusion stemming from delusional thinking

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the research may be confident that:

life stress and depression are related

According to the intolerance of uncertainty theory, individuals with generalized anxiety disorders is that people who have them:

likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur

compared to men, in women, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is found at

lower levels in the stomach, making them more susceptible to becoming intoxicated

Which statement is true regarding children who attempt suicide

many have a clear understanding of what death is

a clinically depressed person who has been threatening suicide finally shows a diminishing of depressive symptoms. this persons risk of committing suicide

may have increased because the person may have the energy to act on the suicidal impulse

What is clang

meaningless rhyming of words

which of these is a side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

memory loss

When a rash of suicides occurs in the aftermath of a celebrity's suicide or a case that has been highly publicized by the media, behavioral theorists believe it is attributable to:

modeling

The goal of cognitive behavioral therapy is BEST described as

modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking

The benefits of exposure treatment for agoraphobia are very often

more pronounced in clients who also suffer from panic disorder

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. Most likely, the client is experiencing

narcissistic personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy

poverty of speech, blunted/flat effect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal are: _________ symptoms of schizophrenia

negative

a person with schizophrenia who makes up words is experiencing:

neologisms

For a large percentage of individuals with schizophrenia, homelessness, incarceration, and living in unsupervised, substandard conditions are the consequences of:

not having adequate community treatment resources available

people who are preoccupied with order, perfection, and control that they lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. This feeling seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a

panic disorder

If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a typical example of antisocial personality disorder your character WOULD NOT exhibit

periods of high anxiety

A person who sees pretty butterflies, hears music, etc. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _________

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

what is the first phase of schizophrenia

prodominal

Difference between narcissism and high-self esteem:

regard for others

As part of his substance abuse treatment, Fred documents each time he uses the substance and develops strategies to avoid using the substance. He is MOST likely receiving:

relapse-prevention training

Joshua is a recovering alcoholic. After treatment, he learned how to recognize situations that might cause him to drink and signs that he should stop drinking. What is this known as?

relapse-prevention training

Jerome has a habit of telling lies about his classmates, spreading rumors, and manipulating friends. This is called

relational aggression

The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is

relaxation training

What is accurate about taking selfies

research has not found a link between selfie-taking and narcissistic personality disorder

People with _________ personality disorder display a range of interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities

schizotypal

A difference among children with separation anxiety and school refusal:

school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fear, and fears of objects at school

Fiona's therapist has asked her to keep a log where she records every occasion where she feels an urge to engage in self-harm. What Fiona has been asked to do is called:

self-monitoring

the difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorder is the:

severity of manic episodes

avoidant personality disorder is most closely related to

social anxiety disorder

Patients who develop extreme withdrawal, anger, physical aggressiveness, and loss of interest in personal hygiene:

social breakdown syndrome

A clinician who looks at the influence of race, living conditions, marital status, and roles on the development of depression would MOST likely subscribe to which theoretical orientation?

sociocultural theoretical perspective

a patient with a heart condition complains of adhesions from his postoperative scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seems to be hurting all over, but no medical reason can be found to explain this. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is:

somatic symptoms disorder (predominant pain pattern)

a friend has done some heavy drinking and asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. the response that is most appropriate is

stop drinking

DSM-5-TR included gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with substance use disorders. this change is considered important because it

suggest that people may become addicted to behaviors, not just substances

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the

superego

Researchers have found that when an identical twin has unipolar depression, there is a 38% chance that the other twin already had or will have the same disorder. Fraternal twin is only 20% likely to have the same disorder. This finding:

supports the idea that people may inherit a predisposition for developing unipolar depression

In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goosebumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the

sympathetic nervous system

probably the worst thing a person who has "partied hard" with alcohol could do right after drinking would be to

take some barbiturates to fall asleep

Studies report that most therapies are MOST likely to learn about the latest information on the treatment of psychological disorders from:

talking with professional colleagues

A woman has been treated with chlorpromazine for several years. Lately she seems to be chewing gym all the time, her arms are always in motion, and she has facial tics. This is an example of

tardive dyskinesia

what is true about self-esteem

teenagers tend to have healthy or high self-esteem

why are people who go to strip clubs generally not to be considered voyeurs?

the performers are consenting to being seen by the audience

In 2017, the Calorie Control Council reported that the average Thanksgiving meal consists of more than 3,000 calories, yet this is not considered a binge-eating episode. Why not?

the person did not experience a loss of control while eating or feel shame after

despite american indians having the highest suicide rate, why might the suicide rate among elderly American indians be low

the value the culture places on the eldery

what is the primary source of sexual excitement for a person with sexual sadism disorder?

the victims suffering

You might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when:

there is an increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness

most clinicians agree that paraphilic activities should not be considered a disorder when

there is no distress and no risk of harm to self or others

a person who has anorexia nervosa has dry rough cracked skin and may grow lanugo. why would you not expect to see these symptoms in someone with a binge eating disorder

these symptoms result from a nutritional deficiencies caused by starvation

what is the critical way in which death initiators differ from other categories of people who attempt suicide, according to Shneidman

they believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process

what is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder

they may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves

how do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people

they tend to be more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible

Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy?

to increase awareness of why the client behaves a certain way

A patient that can exchange plastic chips he has earned from good behavior is a

token economy

a frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same high that much lower doses once produced. that drug user is developing a

tolerance

Comorbidity describes a situation in which

two disorders occur together in an individual

which findings would lead you to suspect someone has a conversion disorder rather than another medical cause for the condition

uniform and even numbness in the "damaged" hand

compared with women, men who attempt suicide tend to

use more violent methods

One strength of intelligence tests is their

very high reliability and fairly high validity