AP Art History Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Sanctuaries

sacred or holy enclosure used for worship in Greece or Rome, consisted of one or more temples and an altar

Lekythoi

slim vase for oil with handle and mouth

Olpe

any greek vase or jug without a spout

Orthogonal plan

any line running back into the represented space of a picture perpendicular to the imagined picture plan

Acropolis

A citadel or fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically built on a hill

Black figure technique

A style or technique of ancient Greek pottery in which slip is painted on a red clay ground. Details of the figures are incised using a stylus.

Peristyle

A surrounding colonnade in Greek architecture. A peristyle building is surrounded on the exterior by a colonnade.

Pediments

A triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as Classical Greek porticoes, windows, or doors. Formed by an entablature and the ends of a sloping roof or cornice

Symposium

An ancient Greek banquet attended solely by men (and female servants and prostitutes).

Amphora

An ancient Greek jar for storing oil or wine, with an egg-shaped body and two curved handles

Kouros/Kouroi

An archaic Greek statue of a young man or boy

Psykter

Greek vessel with an extended bottom allowing it float in a larger krater, used to chill wine

Kore/Korai

Greek, "young woman." An Archaic Greek statuary type depicting a young woman

Entablature

In Classical architecture, the part of a building above the columns and below the roof. This part of a Classical temple includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Fluted

In architecture, evenly spaced, rounded parallel vertical grooves incised on shafts or columns or columnar elements.

Red Figure techinque

a style and techique of ancient greek vase painting characterized by red clay colored figures on a black background.

Contrapposto

an Italian term meaning "set against" used to describe the pose that results from setting parts of the body in opposition to each other around a central axis

Acroteria

an ornament at the corner or peak of a roof

Maenads

ancient Greece, a female devotee of the wine god Dionysos who participated in orgiastic rituals

Stylobate

in classical architecture the stone foundations on which a temple colonnade stands

Echinus

molding between the shaft and the abacus of a Doric column

Necking

molding on shaft

Cella

the principal interior room at the center of a Greek or Roman temple within which the cult statue was usually housed

Capital

the sculpted block that tops a column.

Astragal

thin convex decorative molding, often fund on classical entablatures, and usually decorated with a continuous row of beadlike circles

White ground technique

type of pottery in which the background was painted with a slip that turned white in the firing process

Architrave

the bottom element in an entablature, beneath the frieze and the cornice.

Metopes

the carved or painted rectangular panel between the triglyphs of a doric frieze

Porches

the covered entrance on the exterior of a building. With a row of columns or colonnade also called a portico.

Archaic Smile

the curved lips of an ancient Greek statue, usually interpreted as a way of animating facial features

Abacus

the flat slab at the top of a capital directly under the entablature

Stereobate

A foundation upon which a Classical temple stands.

Peplos

A loose outer garment worn by women of ancient Greece. A cloth rectangle fastened on the shoulders and belted below the bust or at the waist.

Parapet

A low, protective wall along the edge of a roof, bridge, or balcony

Expressionism

A movement in art (early 20th century) that reflects an obvious exaggeration of natural objects for the purpose of emphasizing an emotion, mood, color or concept.

Tempera

A painting medium made by blending egg yolks with water, pigments, and occasionally other materials, such as glue.

Entasis

A slight swelling of the shaft of a Greek column. The optical illusion of entasis makes the column appear from afar to be straight.

Tholos

A small, round building. Sometimes built underground, as in a Mycenaean tomb.

Triglyphs

Rectangular block between the metopes of a Doric frieze. Identified by the three carved vertical grooves, which approximate the appearance of the end of a wooden beam.

Pronaos

The enclosed vestibule of a Greek or Roman temple, found in front of the cella and marked by a row of columns at the entrance.

Shaft

The main vertical section of a column between the capital and the base, usually circular in cross section.

Frieze

The part of the entablature between the architrave and the cornice; also, any sculptured or painted band. See register.

Oinochoe

a Greek jug used for wine

Stoa

a long roofed walkway, usually having columns on one long side and a wall on the other

Tondo

a painting or relief sculpture of circular shape

Podium

a raised platform that acts as the foundation for a building, or as platform for speaker

Rosettes

a round or oval ornament resembling a rose

Caryatids

a sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature

Kylix

a shallow greek vessel or cup, used for drinking, with a wide mouth and small handles near the rim.

Pedestals

platforms or bases supporting a sculpture or other monument. Also, the block found below the base of a classical column (or colonnade), serving to raise the entire element off the ground.