ACIDS AND BASES

3) Lemon juice has a sour taste and turns litmus to red. Lemon juice is A) basic. B) acidic. C) neutral. D) caustic.

B

Write the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with nitric acid.

Ca(OH)2 + 2 HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2 H2O

25) What is the formula for calcium hydroxide? A) CaOH B) Ca2OH C) Ca(OH)2 D) CaOH2

c

80) A conjugate acid-base pair differ by one A) H atom. B) O atom. C) pH unit. D) proton.

d

82) A buffer A) resists changes in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. B) is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base. C) is made up of a weak base and its conjugate acid. D) All of the above are true.

d

T/f Acid-base indicators will change color when the amount of acid present changes.

t

t/f ) Rainwater has a pH below 7 because raindrops absorb CO2 which can react with water to form carbonic acid.

t

t/f 4) The production of biodiesel fuel and of soap both require the addition of base and both produce glycerol.

t

t/f A conjugate acid-base pair form a buffer solution.

t

t/f Antacids are basic compounds.

t

t/f If a compound is a base according to the Arrhenius definition, it will also be a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition.

t

t/f Many acid-base indicators can be extracted from fruit skins or flower petals.

t

t/f Sulfuric acid is an excellent dehydrating agent and will remove water from the cells of skin.

t

1) Which is NOT a characteristic of acids? A) taste bitter B) turn litmus red C) react with bases to form salts D) react with active metals to form H2 gas

A

100) The cheapest and most widely used commercial base is A) NH3 (ammonia). B) Na2O (sodium oxide). C) CaO (lime). D) NaOH (lye).

c

101) Most of the sulfuric acid produced in this country is used for A) cleaning products. B) manufacturing mortar and cement. C) manufacturing fertilizer. D) sweetening acidic soil.

c

102) Another name for NaOH is A) baking soda. B) lime. C) lye. D) lysol.

c

103) Which of the following ingredients would NOT be an active ingredient in an antacid? A) NaBr B) Mg(OH)2 C) NaHCO3 D) CaCO3

c

14) According to Arrhenius, an acid and a base will react to give A) an acidic solution. B) a basic solution. C) a salt plus water. D) a solid.

c

27) A salt that can conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water is a(n) A) buffer. B) catalyst. C) electrolyte. D) indicator.

c

28) All of the following are examples of green chemistry EXCEPT A) Biodiesel is made from oils that have been used for frying foods. B) Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable plastic derived from corn. C) Hydrocarbons containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms are used as a fuel source. D) Glycerol from triglycerides can be used as a moisturizing agent in soaps.

c

38) What acid is formed when SO3 is added to water? A) hydrosulfuric B) hydrosulfurous C) sulfuric D) sulfurous

c

49) When an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid is just neutralized with an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide, the solution would taste A) sour. B) bitter. C) salty. D) sweet.

c

51) Citric acid is produced by oranges. When citric acid dissolves in water, it produces a relatively small number of hydronium ions. Citric acid is best described as a A) dilute acid. B) concentrated acid. C) weak acid. D) strong acid.

c

52) An acid is strong if it A) is very concentrated. B) makes acid-base indicators change color. C) ionizes completely in water. D) causes metals to corrode.

c

54) A weak base A) is present in low concentration in solution. B) is present in high concentration in solution. C) ionizes only slightly in solution. D) ionizes completely in solution.

c

6) Which of the following acids is responsible for the sour taste of yogurt? A) acetic B) citric C) lactic D) phosphoric

c

62) Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of acid-base neutralization reactions. What color will phenolphthalein be if there is an excess of base present? A) colorless B) green C) pink D) yellow

c

63) What is produced in an acid-base neutralization reaction? A) an acid B) a base C) a salt and water D) an acid and water

c

68) The pH = -log[H+] for a solution. The pOH = -log[OH-] for a solution. The pH and pOH are related, and their sum is equal to 14 (pH + pOH = 14). If a solution has a pH of 6, what is the pOH? A) 6 B) 7 C) 8 D) 14

c

75) The pH = -log[H+] for a solution. The pOH = -log[OH-] for a solution. The pH and pOH are related, and their sum is equal to 14 (pH + pOH = 14). If the concentration of a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide is 0.001 M, what is the pH of that solution? A) 7 B) 3 C) 11 D) 2

c

77) Which of the following form a conjugate acid-base pair? A) H2SO4 and SO42- B) H3O+ and OH- C) H2SO4 and HSO4- D) CH4 and CH3OH

c

89) Sodium bicarbonate is an old standby antacid. It is not recommended for persons suffering from high blood pressure because A) it is too strong an acid. B) it is too strong a base. C) of the presence of sodium ion. D) of the presence of bicarbonate ion.

c

90) Sodium bicarbonate is the common name for what compound? A) sodium carbonate B) sodium carbide C) sodium hydrogen carbonate D) sodium bismuth carbonate

c

95) Aluminum hydroxide is a popular antacid. The formula of aluminum hydroxide is A) AlOH. B) Al(OH)2. C) Al(OH)3. D) Al3OH.

c

8) Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of acids? A) taste sour B) turn litmus red C) react with bases to form salts D) All are characteristics of acids.

d

84) Which of the following does NOT contribute to acid rain? A) coal-burning power plants B) lightning C) volcanic eruptions D) All of the above contribute to acid rain.

d

87) Rain with which of the following pH of values would be considered to be acid rain? A) 9.5 B) 9.0 C) 7 D) 1.5

d

9) Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of bases? A) taste bitter B) reacts with acids to form salts C) produce hydroxide ions when added to water D) All are characteristics of bases.

d

94) Which antacid also acts as an antidiarrheal agent? A) lithium hydroxide B) nitric acid C) lithium bicarbonate D) calcium carbonate

d

97) Hard water deposits (calcium carbonate) have built up around your bathroom sink. Which one of the following would be best to dissolve the deposit? A) ammonia B) bleach C) lye D) vinegar

d

98) The acid in automobile batteries is A) hydrochloric acid. B) nitric acid. C) phosphorus acid. D) sulfuric acid.

d

t/f A buffer solution will become much more acidic when even a small amount of a strong acid is added.

f

t/f A metal oxide will form an acid when it is dissolved in water.

f

t/f A solution which has more H+ ions than OH- ions will have a pH equal to 7.

f

t/f A strong acid will not ionize completely in water.

f

t/f A weak acid will always be less concentrated than a strong acid.

f

t/f Biodiesel fuels are more toxic to the environment than petroleum fuels are.

f

t/f Most acids are strong acids.

f

t/f The Arrhenius theory explains why ammonia, NH3, is basic, but the Bronsted-Lowry theory does not.

f

t/f When an acid and a base react in a neutralization reaction, the products will be acidic.

f

The cheapest base is ________.

lime

96) When the pH of the blood is too high, the condition is called A) acidosis. B) alkalosis. C) hyperacidity. D) anemia.

b

99) A common name for hydrochloric acid is A) lye. B) muriatic acid. C) lime. D) ammonia.

b

Lime is used in farming to reduce the acidity of the soil. The chemical name for lime is calcium oxide. When water in the soil reacts with lime, what base is formed? Write the reaction.

: CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

Why are acids sometimes referred to as "proton donors?"

Acids donate H+. A proton is H+.

List three strong acids.

HCl, HNO3, H2SO4

18) When HCl is added to pure water, HCl molecules lose protons, while water molecules gain protons. In this reaction, HCl is a(n) A) acid. B) base. C) salt. D) solvent.

a

20) Phosphoric acid is added to many popular beverages to give them a tart flavor. The formula of phosphoric acid is A) H3PO4. B) H4PO3. C) H2PO4. D) HPO4.

a

22) A useful broad view of reactions between acids and bases involves the A) transfer of protons. B) transfer of electrons. C) conversion of protons into electrons. D) ionization of atoms.

a

23) Which of the following is a hydroxide ion? A) OH- B) H+ C) H3O+ D) H2O-

a

30) When added to water, which of the following would produce a base? A) Li2O B) CO2 C) F2 D) SO3

a

31) What base is formed by the addition of potassium oxide to water? A) KOH B) K2OH C) KH D) KH2

a

33) Which of the following is an example of a nonmetal oxide? A) SO2 B) LiOH C) Na2O D) H2SO4

a

40) When added to water, which of the following would produce a base? A) Li2O B) ClO2 C) P4O10 D) SO2

a

41) A nonmetal oxide is called a(n) A) acidic anhydride. B) basic anhydride. C) neutral compound. D) salt.

a

43) Which is a weak base in aqueous solution? A) NH3 B) HF C) NaOH D) Ca(OH)2

a

56) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, the coefficient of water is A) 2. B) 1. C) 3. D) 4.

a

59) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid? A) Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + 2 H2O B) BaOH2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + H2O C) Ba(OH)2 + HCl → BaCl2 + H2O D) BaOH + HCl → BaCl + H2O

a

60) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with sulfuric acid? A) Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 H2O B) BaOH + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 H2O C) BaOH2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + H2O D) Ba(OH)2 + 2 H2SO4 → Ba(SO4)2 + 2 H2O

a

61) Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of an acid-base neutralization reaction. What color will phenolphthalein be when there is an excess of acid present? A) colorless B) green C) pink D) yellow

a

64) A sample of rainwater has a pH of 3.5. What ion is sure to be present in relatively large concentration in this rain sample? A) H3O+ B) SO42- C) OH- D) HSO4-

a

66) A solution with a pH of 3 has a hydronium ion concentration of A) 10-3 mol/L. B) 103 mol/L. C) 10 mol/L. D) -10 mol/L.

a

67) A solution of toilet bowl cleaner has a pH of 9. The solution is A) weakly basic. B) strongly basic. C) weakly acidic. D) strongly acidic.

a

70) An unknown substance is added to a solution and the pH decreases. The substance is best described as a(n) A) acid. B) base. C) salt. D) solvent.

a

83) The pH of rain collected on a remote island in the Pacific is assumed to be unaffected by human pollution. The pH of the rainwater will be A) less than 7. B) equal to 7. C) greater than 7. D) 0.

a

85) Acid rain is caused by acidic pollutants in the air. Which of the following pollutants does NOT contribute to acid rain? A) ammonia, NH3 B) sulfur dioxide, SO2 C) nitrogen dioxide, NO2 D) nitric oxide, NO

a

88) Hyperacidity means A) too much acid. B) too little acid. C) too much antacid. D) too much base.

a

91) Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as A) baking soda. B) baking powder. C) washing soda. D) cherry soda.

a

93) Calcium carbonate is a common antacid. A problem with regular use of calcium carbonate based antacids is they cause A) constipation. B) diarrhea. C) high blood pressure. D) destruction of the stomach lining.

a

104) Lutefisk is a traditional Scandinavian food that is prepared by soaking a white fish, such as cod, in lye (NaOH). How does soaking the fish in lye "cook" it? A) A strong base will allow the fish to be heated to higher temperatures more quickly. B) A strong base will break down or "denature" the protein in the fish. C) A strong base will neutralize the fatty acids in the fish. D) A strong base will raise the pH of blood in the fish.

b

11) Drain cleaner is an example of a(n) A) acid. B) base. C) salt. D) neutral compound.

b

12) A compound that changes color when it is placed into an acidic or a basic solution is A) amphiprotic. B) an acid-base indicator. C) a buffer. D) protonated.

b

16) A hydrogen ion, H+, is the same as a(n) A) hydronium ion. B) proton. C) electron. D) hydrate.

b

17) Which of the following is a correct definition of an acid that is not dependent upon the solvent? A) Acids produce hydronium ions. B) Acids are proton donors. C) Acids produce hydroxide ions. D) Acids are proton acceptors.

b

2) Which is NOT a characteristic of bases? A) taste bitter B) turn litmus red C) react with acids to form salts D) produce hydroxide ions when added to water

b

21) All of the following are bases EXCEPT A) KOH. B) HNO3. C) NH3. D) Ba(OH)2.

b

26) The compound CH3NH2 reacts with water to form CH3NH3+ and OH-. In this reaction, CH3NH2 is acting as a(n) A) acid. B) base. C) salt. D) catalyst.

b

29) In what way are the green chemistry production of biodiesel fuel and of soap different? A) Biodiesel fuels require the addition of acids, while production of soap uses bases. B) Biodiesel fuels are converted to methyl esters, while soaps are converted to sodium salts. C) Biodiesel fuels produce glycerol, while soap production produced methanol. D) Biodiesel fuel decreases the amount of waste produced, while soap production increases the amount of waste.

b

35) When nonmetal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is A) salty. B) acidic. C) neutral. D) basic.

b

42) When a metal oxide is added to water, it will form a(n) A) acid. B) base. C) neutral compound. D) salt.

b

44) The same number of moles of acetic acid and hydrogen chloride are placed in beakers containing water. After this addition, the beaker with the HCl has more hydronium ions than the beaker with added acetic acid. HCl is classified as A) a weaker acid than acetic acid. B) a stronger acid than acetic acid. C) equal in acid strength to acetic acid. D) a base.

b

45) Hydrocyanic acid is classified as a weak acid in water. This means that it produces A) no hydronium ions. B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions. C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions. D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

b

47) Ammonia is classified as a weak base in water. This means that it produces A) no hydroxide ions. B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions. C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions. D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

b

5) Many medicines have a bitter taste which manufacturers attempt to disguise. Many medicines are probably A) acids. B) bases. C) salts. D) neutral.

b

53) Give an example of an amphiprotic compound. A) sulfuric acid B) water C) potassium chloride D) ammonia

b

55) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with nitric acid, HNO3, the coefficient of nitric acid is A) 3. B) 2. C) 1. D) 4.

b

69) A solution with a pH of 12 will be A) weakly basic. B) strongly basic. C) weakly acidic. D) neutral.

b

71) An unknown substance is added to a solution and the pH increases. The substance is best described as a(n) A) acid. B) base. C) salt. D) solvent.

b

72) Which substance has the lowest pH? A) urine B) lemon juice C) unpolluted rainwater D) 4% NaOH

b

74) Identify the weakly basic solution. A) urine B) milk of magnesia C) saliva D) milk

b

76) If the concentration of a dilute solution of nitric acid is 0.0001 M, what is the pH of that solution? A) 5 B) 4 C) 10 D) 3

b

78) What is the conjugate acid of HSO3-? A) H2SO4 B) H2SO3 C) HSO4- D) SO32-

b

81) A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base forms a(n) A) acid-base indicator. B) buffer. C) antacid. D) acid rain.

b

86) By definition, acid rain has a pH A) below 4. B) below 5.6. C) below 7. D) above 8.5.

b

92) All antacids are A) acids. B) bases. C) neutral. D) salts.

b

10) Which of the following statements about bases is correct? A) Bases taste bitter. B) Bases feel slippery when wet. C) Bases turn litmus blue. D) All of these statements are correct.

d

13) Which of the following is NOT true of the Arrhenius theory? A) Acids are defined as compounds that produce H+ ions in water solution. B) Bases are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solution. C) Arrhenius theory only applies to reactions in aqueous solution. D) Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solution

d

15) H3O+ is the A) hydrate ion. B) hydrogen ion. C) hydroxide ion. D) hydronium ion.

d

19) Sulfuric acid is the leading chemical produced and used industrially. What is the formula for sulfuric acid? A) SO4 B) HSO4 C) H2(SO)4 D) H2SO4

d

24) Which of the following is a correct definition of a base that is not dependent upon the solvent? A) Bases produce hydronium ions. B) Bases are proton donors. C) Bases produce hydroxide ions. D) Bases are proton acceptors.

d

32) Lime is used in farming to reduce the acidity of the soil. The chemical name for lime is calcium oxide. When water in the soil reacts with lime, what base is formed? A) CaO B) CaOH C) Ca2OH D) Ca(OH)2

d

34) When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid? A) Na B) BaO C) NH3 D) SO3

d

36) When metal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is generally A) salty. B) acidic. C) neutral. D) basic.

d

37) When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid? A) Ba B) Li2O C) NH3 D) SO2

d

39) When added to water, which of the following would NOT produce a base? A) BaO B) K2O C) Na2O D) CO2

d

4) The four basic tastes are all related to acids and bases in some manner. The taste sensation with the least direct, least well understood, and probably most complex relationship between taste response and acid/base properties is A) bitter. B) sour. C) salt. D) sweet.

d

46) Hydroiodic acid is classified as a strong acid in water. This means that it produces A) no hydronium ions. B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions. C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions. D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

d

48) Lithium hydroxide is classified as a strong base in water. This means that it produces A) no hydroxide ions. B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions. C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions. D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

d

50) All of the following are strong acids EXCEPT A) hydrochloric acid. B) perchloric acid. C) hydroiodic acid. D) hydrocyanic acid.

d

57) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, the coefficient of water is A) 4. B) 5 C) 1. D) 2.

d

58) A ruptured tank in Anywhere, USA spilled hydrochloric acid. Officials were reported to be "concerned that the acid might mix with sodium hydroxide - caustic soda - in a neighboring tank and form a toxic gas." What toxic gas would be formed? A) carbon dioxide B) chlorine C) chlorine dioxide D) none

d

65) The pH of a sample of water from a river is 6.0. A sample of effluent from a food processing plant has a pH of 4.0. The concentration of hydronium ion in the effluent is A) one and a half times (1.5x) larger than the river hydronium ion concentration. B) two times (2x) larger than the river hydronium ion concentration. C) four times (4x) larger than the river hydronium ion concentration. D) 100 times (100x) larger than the river hydronium ion concentration.

d

7) Foods that are acidic can be identified by their ________ taste. A) bitter B) sweet C) salty D) sour

d

73) Which substance has the highest pH? A) bile B) lemon juice C) pure water D) milk of magnesia

d

79) What is the conjugate base of HSO3-? A) H2SO4 B) H2SO3 C) HSO4- D) SO32-

d