ACP Biology: a lot
5.1-5.3: Before DNA replication, a chromosome has ____ chromatid(s)
1
Chapter 2: The bond that holds hydrogen and oxygen together in water is a __________ bond, whereas, the bond that holds two water molecules together is a ______ bond.
1. Covalent 2. Hydrogen
What would cause a cell to stop during G1 of the cell cycle
1. DNA building blocks aren't present 2. DNA is damaged 3. DNA is unrepairable 4. The appropriate cyclin is not present
5.1-5.3: What occurs in prophase?
1. Doubled chromosomes present 2. Nucleolus disappears 3. Centrosomes separate
5.1-5.3: What occurs in anaphase?
1. Sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles
5.4-5.6 11.1: What occurs in the end of meiosis
1. There are 4 cells 2. The cells are haploid 3. The cells are genetically varies 4. Germ cells are formed
5.1-5.3: After DNA replication, a chromosome has _________ chromatid(s)
2
CYP 7.4: How many NADH + H+ are generated at the end of the citric acid cycle? [---]
6
Unit quiz: Match the X-linked condition with its description: Color blindness
8% of Caucasian men have this condition
CYP 23.2 and 23.4: What is an autosome?
A chromosome other than the sex chromosomes
5.1-5.3: Describe cytokinesis in animal cells?
A contractile ring of actin constricts between the two nuclei forming until it pinches the cells in two
27.5-27.6 Match the term with its description: Cladogram
A visual representation of various species and their relatedness
Unit Test: What is a Barr body?
An inactive X chromosome
What adaptation played a huge role in the evolution of humans?
Bipedalism
5.4-5.6 11.1: Neuron structure A
Cell body
Chapter 2: Match the organic molecule with its characteristic: Nucleic Acids
Controls the life of cell and organism; holds genetic information
11.2-11.3: What body system uses hormones
Endocrine
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Jacob's syndrome
Extra Y chromosome
Chapter 7: Which explanation below best describes why there's an energy investment phase of glycolysis?
Glucose has to be activated by the two ATPs
4.1-4.3 CYP: Match the protein with its role in the cell: Cell recognition
Glycoprotein; helps the cell identify an invading microbe
The oxygen given off by photosynthesis comes from:
H2O
Chapter 11: Urinary system
Helps regulate the fluid balance
Would you expect the cells in the roots of the plant to have the same photosynthetic pigments as the leaves? Why or why not? Explain.
I would not expect the roots of plant to have the same photosynthetic pigments as leaves because they are underground and cannot reach the sun. The leaves need to have the correct pigments to pick up the sunlight and let it enter the plant in the stomata. Also roots and leaves are not always the same color and pigments affect the color
CYP 2.1-2.3: Where within an atom would you find protons?
Inside the nucleus
Cell Structure Quiz: Which response best indicates the benefits of receptor mediated endocytosis?
It is selective and specific making it a more efficient form of endocytosis.
Why was the amniotic egg an important evolutionary innovation?
It negated the need for a swimming larval stage of development
CYP 8.1-8.3: How many CO2 molecules would need to enter the Calvin cycle to form one glucose molecule?
It takes three CO2 molecules to allow one G3P molecule to exit the cycle. It takes two G3P molecules to form a glucose. 3 x 2 = 6.
CYP 8.1-8.3: How many CO2 molecules would need to enter the Calvin cycle to form one glucose molecule? Explain in detail.
It takes three CO2 molecules to allow one G3P molecule to exit the cycle. It takes two G3P molecules to form a glucose. 3 x 2 = 6.
Which fish category matches these characteristics: Cylindrical and long Scaleless No paired fins
Jawless fish
9.1-9.3: Match the tissue cell type with its function: Parenchyma
Least specialized/found in all organs of the plant
****Choose all of the characteristics of birds: Ectothermic Lobular lungs for very efficient respiration Keel is present Lack bladder Presence of air sacs which lighten the body Bones have air cavities Slender neck with beak Lacking lobular lungs for efficient respiration Endothermic Wide, full neck with beak
Lobular lungs for very efficient respiration Keel is present Lack bladder Presence of air sacs which lighten the body Bones have air cavities Slender neck with beak Endothermic
Which characteristics below distinguish mammals from cartilaginous fish? Choose all that apply. Lungs Bony skeleton Jaws Vertebrate Notochord Amniotic egg 4 Limbs Mammary gland
Lungs Bony skeleton Amniotic egg 4 Limbs Mammary gland
5.4-5.6 11.1: Where is simple squamous tissue located?
Lungs and blood vessels
11.2-11.3: What body system stores white blood cells responsible for helping with immunity
Lymphatic
9.4-9.7: Match the root specialization with its description: Taproot
Main root and branch roots
Cell Structure Quiz: Cell membrane
Maintains homeostasis
Which characteristics separate mammals from other organisms? Mammary glands Ectothermic Body hair Feathers Air sacs
Mammary glands Body hair
Chapter 4: What cells are transported in bulk transport and how
Marcomolecules (big), by vesicle formation
4.1-4.3 CYP: Match the junction with its description: Adhesion
Mechanically attach adjacent cells 2. Most common intercellular junction between skin cells
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with its characteristic: Have at least: visceral mass, foot, mantle
Molluscs
34.3-34.3: Match the symbiotic relationship with its name: Both species in the relationship benefit
Mutualism
34.3-34.3: Match the symbiotic relationship with its name: Host is harmed, but typically not killed, by the other symbiotic species
Parasitism
9.1-9.3: Match the tissue cell type with its function: Periderm
Protection against other organisms
9.1-9.3: Match the tissue cell type with its function: Epidermis
Protection/prevent water loss
Carbohydrate
Quickly accessible storage of energy
Matter the condition of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with its explanation Random mating
Sexual selection does not occur
CYP 5.1-5.3: Anaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles
Chapter 5: Match the mitosis stage with its characteristics Anaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles
5.4-5.6 11.1: What muscle tissue has many nuclei; voluntary movement
Skeletal muscle
What is the primary source of energy for the formation of carbohydrates in plants?
Solar
31.2-31.3: Choose all the answers that represent flatworms: Some are parasitic No body cavity Hermaphroditic Incomplete digestive tract
Some are parasitic No body cavity Hermaphroditic Incomplete digestive tract
Anole lizards demonstrate "resource partitioning'. What does that mean?
Species occupy specific areas of their habitat to divide up limited resources.
CYP 5.1-5.3: Prometaphase
Spindle fibers form; kinetochores attach
Chapter 5: Match the mitosis stage with its characteristics Prometaphase
Spindle fibers form; kinetochores attach
Chapter 11: Lymphatic system
Stores immune cells (white blood cells)
CYP 3.1-3.3: What is the function of the cell wall in eukaryotes?
Structural support
Chapter 8: Which of the following are needed for the light reactions to occur?
Sunlight and water
31.2-31.3: Which of the following are parasitic to humans?
Tapeworms
Genetics Quiz: Two parents with normal vision have a colorblind son. Which parent is responsible for the son's colorblindness?
The mother
10.1-10.2: Flowering plants are heterospores meaning:
They produce both male and female gametophytes
11.2-11.3: Which two cavities are separated by the diaphragm?
Thoracic and abdominal
5.4-5.6 11.1: Where is pseudostratified, ciliated columnar located?
Trachea
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Klinefelter syndrome
Two Xs and a Y
*CYP 23.1-24.2: If a child has type O blood, he or she could NOT have been produced by which set of parents?
Type AB mother and type O father
Chapter 11: Endocrine system
Uses hormones; Its use of chemical messengers leads to a wide array of effects on the body
4.1-4.3 CYP: How does water flow if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
Water flows into the cell
9.4-9.7: Match Eudicot root structure with its characteristic: Parenchyma cells, root cap cells removed by soil particles during growth
Zone of cell division
Genetics Quiz: If one allele is incompletely dominant over another allele, a heterozygous individual will have ____ phenotype as/than a homozygous dominant individual, and ____ phenotype as/than a homozygous recessive individual.
a different // a different
34.3-34.3: Density-independent factors are to _________ as density-dependent factors are to ________
abiotic//biotic
34.3-34.3: Primary succession occurs:
after a major disturbance to an area
CYP 15.1-15.3: Residual volume
air that remains in lungs and is typically depleated of oxygen
CYP 15.1-15.3: Tidal volume
amount of air inhaled and exhaled at rest
31.4-31.5: Match the roundworm type with its characteristics: Enter host via fresh vegetables and ingesting fecal matter
ascaris
CYP 5.1-5.3: Complete the analogy: Proto-oncogenes are to a gas pedal as tumor suppressor genes are to: ___________________
break pedal
CYP 15.1-15.3: Blood leaving the systemic capillaries is maroon in color, dark, almost appearing blue under the skin due to:
carbaminohemoglobin
Chapter 11: Characteristics of compact bone
concentric rings, support and protection
Chapter 12: Blood is categorized into what tissue category?
connective
10.1-10.2: Plants alternate generations during their life cycle. The sporophyte stage is ________________ and the gametophyte stage is _________________.
diploid (2n); haploid (n)
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure/organelle with its description/function: Peroxisomes
just like the other garbage disposal of the cell, but this one has peroxide as one of its digestive substances
CYP 27.2 Darwin proposed that whales evolved from:
land mammals
how do white blood cells differ from red
larger has nucleus lacks hemoglobin not as many
which valve is the biscupid
left side, two flaps
31.1: Cephalization is:
localization of a brain and sensory organs at the head end; this accompanies bilateral symmetry
Chapter 11: location of Simple squamous
lungs and blood vessels
skeletal muscle
many nuclei; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT attatched to BONES STRAITED
10.1-10.2: Sporophytes undergo ______________ to produce spores. Spores undergo ___________ to produce gametophytes. Gametophytes undergo __________________ to produce gametes.
meiosis//mitosis//mitosis
CYP 8.1-8.3: thylakoids
membrane system within the chloroplast
CYP 8.1-8.3: Match the chloroplast component with its function: thylakoids
membrane system within the chloroplasts
Unit quiz: Match the X-linked condition with its description: Duchenne muscular dystrophy
muscle wasting disease; a protein is absent
what are the accessory organs of the skin
nails, hair follicles, and glands
9.4-9.7: Match the plant with the way it can be used to clean up toxic messes: Grasses
petroleum waste
CYP 8.1-8.3: Match the chloroplast component with its function: Chlorophyll
pigments that enable photosynthesis
CYP 8.1-8.3: chlorophyll
pigments that enable photosynthesis
9.1-9.3: Match the term with its description: Deciduous
plants that lose their leaves each year
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure/organelle with its description/function: Endoplasmic Reticulum
process and fold proteins
what are the 4 main functions of epithelial tissue
protection, sweeping impurities, absorbtion of nutrients, absorbtion of molecules
CYP 5.4-11.1: Independent assortment:
refers to the random way the chromosomes line up during metaphase I and then are separated during anaphase I; resulting in genetic variation for the cell.
Chapter 5: Independent assortment:
refers to the random way the chromosomes line up during metaphase I and then are separated during anaphase I; resulting in genetic variation for the cell.
Independent assortment:
refers to the random way the chromosomes line up during metaphase I and then are separated during anaphase I; resulting in genetic variation for the cell.
CYP 23.1-24.2: Describe fragile X syndrome
repeating DNA sequence segments; mental impairments
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Nervous system
response to STIMULI
which valve is the tricuspid
right side, three flaps
Chapter 4: Match the protein with its role in the cell Carrier
selectively interacts with a molecule/ion to move it across the membrane
Chapter 12: Which of the following separate the heart into left and right sides?
septum
CYP 27.2 Differential reproductive success indicates...
some individuals in a population reproduce more successfully because they are better suited for their environment
Differential reproductive success indicates:
some individuals in a population reproduce more successfully because they are better suited for their environment
describe prometaphase
spindle fibers form KINTOCHORES attach
10.1-10.2: When a seed germinates a new ______________ is formed that develops into a mature organism.
sporophyte
CYP 8.1-8.3: Match the chloroplast component with its function: granum (grana)
stacks of thylakoids
CYP 8.1-8.3: granum (grana)
stacks of thylakoids
9.1-9.3: Match the term with its description: Petiole
stalk that attached the wide part of the leaf to the stem
10.1-10.2: The anther and the filament are collectively known as:
stamen
Lipids
storage of energy/ slow to break down
Lymphatic system
stores white blood cells (WBC); immunity
9.4-9.7: Match the root specialization with its description: Prop roots
supportive roots
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure with its description/function: Nucleoplasm
the fluid inside the nucleus
what is diastolic pressure
the pressure of arteries due to ventricular distole
***31.1: Match the invertebrate class with its embryonic development: Protostomes
three tissue layer
10.1-10.2: Pollination is:
transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma
Certain moles that live underground have eyes but are blind, what is the name of this evolutionary phenomenon?
vestigial structures
34.1-34.2: Which organism has a higher biotic potential?
Rat
Cell Structure Quiz: How can a malfunction in receptor-mediated pinocytosis lead to a heart attack?
Receptor mediated endocytosis is very specific, like a lock and key. If the receptors cannot bind to LDL (a type of cholesterol) , it can build up in arteries and lead to a heart attack.
*CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Phenylketonuria
Recessive, affects nervous development, diet must be monitored until brain is fully developed
CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Match *the condition with its characteristics: Cystic-fibrosis
Recessive, chloride ions cannot cross the membrane, leading to mucous building up in the bronchial tubes
*CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Tay-Sachs
Recessive, lack of an enzyme leads to paralysis
*CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Sickle Cell
Recessive, red blood cells are not round and concave, instead they are half moon shaped causing blockage in vessels
5.4-5.6 11.1: Independent assortment...
Refers to the random way the chromosomes line up during metaphase and then are separated during anaphase 1; resulting in genetic variation for a cell
CYP 15.1-15.3: Carotid and aortic bodies
Regulate breathing depth and rate in response to oxygen levels
4.1-4.3 CYP: Which best describes the role of steroids in the membrane?
Regulates the the fluidity of the membrane
34.1-34.2: The idea that each couple only have 2 children is known as:
Replacement reproduction
11.2-11.3: What body system has different organs based on the sex of the individual
Reproductive system
Cell Structure Quiz: Cell Wall
Rigid exterior support; not present in human cells
Which of the following caused plants to develop alternate photosynthetic pathways?
RuBP carboxylase binds O2 instead of CO2
Which of the following should NOT be associated with an electron transport chain?
RuBP complex
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the tissue with its location in the body: Stratified squamous
SKIN (epidermis)
Match the tissue with its location in the body: Stratified squamous
SKIN (epidermis)
27.5-27.6 Match the term with its description: Taxonomists
Scientists that study taxonomy
CYP 8.1-8.3: Why is G3P an important molecule? State at least 2 reasons.
See pg 135 "The importance of the Calvin Cycle". The answers are in the text
CYP 8.1-8.3: Why is G3P an important molecule? State at least 2 reasons.
See pg 135 "The importance of the Calvin Cycle". The answers are in the text.
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Match the mutation with its description: Duplication
Segment of chromosome is repeated
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Match the mutation with its description: Inversion
Segment of chromosome turns 180 degrees
4.1-4.3 CYP: Match the protein with its role in the cell: Carrier
Selectively interacts with a molecule/ion to move it across the membrane
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Plasma membrane
Selectively permeable phospholipid structure regulating what enters and exits the cell
Chapter 1 CYP: Your fictitious little sister, who is in the 5th grade, is also learning about the characteristics of living things. She has categorized a dead butterfly into the nonliving category. Explain using at least 4 living characteristics and logic that a 5th grader would understand why it doesn't belong in that category.
Self assess your response with this sample. Essays will not be formally graded until all retakes are completed. Even though the butterfly is dead now, it was once living. It is still in its natural state and has not been processed or altered by humans. When it was alive, it was able to respond to stimuli. One example would be by flying away from prey. It was able to acquire food and materials through its interaction with plants. The butterfly, like all living things, is composed of cells. The butterfly goes through very obvious growth and development stages as seen when transitioning from a caterpillar to an adult butterfly. Other characteristics you could've mentioned are: ability to reproduce, maintenance of homeostasis, and the presence of DNA which allows for genetic variation leading to adaptations and ultimately evolution of the species (this one may have been hard to explain to a 5th grader though, so it would've been a stretch).
11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid, and secretion function: Watery, lubricating fluid
Serous membrane
11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid, and secretion function: hinders the spread of infection
Serous membrane
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with it's characteristics: Sponges
Sessile filter feeders
4.1-4.3 CYP: Match the protein with its role in the cell: Receptor
Shape-specific, so only certain molecules can bind to a cell
Which organisms below have a skeleton of cartilage instead of bone? Shark Ray-finned fish Lobe-finned fish Hagfish Skates Lampreys
Shark Skates
What organisms have these characteristics in common: Sense electrical current in water Pressure sensitive areas on skin that sense nearby movement Keen sense of smell Lobe-finned fish Lampreys Sharks Ray-finned fish Hagfish Rays
Sharks and Rays
26.1-26.3 CYP: Why does each individual have a unique and different STR?
STR identifies a specific segment of repeating bases, everyone's DNA would have a unique number and location of those on a particular chromosome
Genetics Quiz: A female has an X-linked condition known as Hunter's Syndrome. Both her parents had the condition. Her husband, a Biology teacher, does not have the condition. They're pregnant with a daughter. The wife is terrified that their baby will have the condition. The husband said he was 100% sure his daughter would not have it. His wife doesn't understand why he so sure. Which explanation supports his confidence?
Since a female has two X chromosomes, the daughter will acquire the dominant trait from the father's X and not have the condition.
5.4-5.6 11.1: What muscle tissue is attatched to bones
Skeletal muscle
5.4-5.6 11.1: What muscle tissue is straited
Skeletal muscle add cardiac muscle
34.3-34.3: Choose all the answers that describe an opportunistic life history pattern. Small individuals Early reproductive age Many offspring No real parental care
Small individuals Early reproductive age Many offspring No real parental care
5.4-5.6 11.1: What muscle tissue has one nucleus, no strations
Smooth muscle
5.4-5.6 11.1: What muscle tissue is involuntary movement; in digestive tract
Smooth muscle
CYP 8.1-8.3: What is the original source of energy for the formation of carbohydrates in plants?
Solar
Choose all of the substance below that G3P can contribute to the formation of:
Starch Cellulose Glucose
CYP 14: Match the organic molecule with its digestion location: Carbohydrate
Starts in mouth; continues in small intestine
CYP 14: Match the organic molecule with its digestion location: Protein
Starts in stomach; continues in small intestine
Chapter 6/14: Match the organic molecule with its digestion location Carbohydrates
Starts in the mouth; continues in the small intestine
Chapter 6/14: Match the organic molecule with its digestion location Proteins
Starts in the stomach; continues in the small intestine
Chapter 2: Match the organic molecule with its characteristic: Lipids
Storage of energy slow to break down; forms cell membranes
Choose all of the responses that describe peptidoglycan. Substance located in the cell wall of bacteria cells Complex molecule of disaccharides and peptide chains. Substance located in any organism with a cell wall Complex molecule of chains of nucleic acids Rigid component of a plant cell wall that aids in structure and support
Substance located in the cell wall of bacteria cells Complex molecule of disaccharides and peptide chains. Complex molecule of chains of nucleic acids
Which of the following are needed for the light reactions to occur?
Sunlight and water
9.1-9.3: Match the tissue cell type with its function: Collenchyma
Support immune regions of a plant
Matter the condition of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with its explanation No selection
Survival of the fittest does not occur if a population is at the HW equilibrium
34.1-34.2: Match the survivor-ship curve type with its description: Type II
Survivor-ship decreases at a constant rate throughout life span
11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid, and secretion function: Line movable joint cavities
Synovial membrane
11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid, and secretion function: Lubricate cartilage
Synovial membrane
Chapter 11: Integumentary system
Synthesizes vitamin D; Helps regulate body temperature
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: Dense fibrous connective tissue
TIGHTLY PACKED collagen fibers, TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS
Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: Dense fibrous connective tissue
TIGHTLY PACKED collagen fibers, TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS
The frequency of a rare disorder expressed as an autosomal recessive trait is 0.0064. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, determine the frequency of carriers for the disease in the population.
0.147
If the frequency of a recessive allele in a population is 0.2, What is the frequency of the dominant allele? What is the frequency of the homozygous dominant allele pair in the population? What is the frequency of the heterozygous allele pair? What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive allele pair?
0.8 0.64 0.32 0.04
CYP 5.4-11.1: How many eggs are formed in oogenesis?
1
How many eggs are formed in oogenesis?
1
CYP 5.1-5.3: Before DNA replication, a chromosome has _______________ (hint--input a number) chromatid(s). After DNA replication, a chromosome has ____________ (hint--input a number) chromatid(s).
1 2
CYP 7.1-7.2: Which response correctly identifies the inputs to glycolysis?
1 6C glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ATP, 4 ADP+ 4P
Chapter 7: Which response correctly identifies the inputs to glycolysis?
1 6C glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ATP, 4 ADP+ 4P
*CYP 23.1-24.2: A heterozygous black cat is mated with a brown cat. What is the phenotype ratio of their offspring?
1 Black: 1 Brown
Unit Test: A heterozygous tall blue flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous short white flowering plant. Predict the phenotypic ratio of offspring.
1 Tall and Blue: 1 Short and Blue: 1 Tall and White: 1 Short and White
Genetics Quiz: Which outcome listed below would be the correct ratio for a cross between two parents who each have one X-linked recessive allele.
1 heterozygous female: 1 homozygous recessive female: 1 dominant male: 1 recessive male
CYP 2.1-2.3: The bond that holds hydrogen and oxygen together in water is a 1)_________ bond, whereas, the bond that holds two water molecules together is a 2)_______ bond.
1) Covalent 2) Hydrogen
CYP 2.1-2.3: 1)_________ bonding is when electrons are transferred from one atom to another in order to bond. Whereas, 2)__________ is when two atoms share electrons to bond.
1) Ionic 2) Covalent
Chapter 1 CYP: What are the steps of the scientific method
1) Observation/problem 2)Testable Hypothesis 3)Experiment 4) Analyze Data 5) Draw Conclusion
*CYP 23.1-24.2: If tall (T) is dominant to short (t), and purple (P) flowers are dominant to white (p) flowers, and you cross two plants who are heterozygous for both traits, what are the possible gametes for one parent (note: the gametes for both parents will be the same since they are both heterozygous for both traits)?
TP, Tp, tP, tp
Chapter 1 CYP: A(n) 1)__________ is all the members of the same species in an area of study. A(n) 2)_________ is all the different species in a particular area. A(n) 3)_________ is all the variety of living and nonliving factors in an area.
1) population 2) community 3) ecosystem
CYP 3.1-3.3: When contrasting eukaryotic cells versus prokaryotic cells, choose all of the characteristics below that represent a eukaryotic cell: 1)DNA enclosed in a nucleus 2)Simple 3)Complex cell with many organelle 4)Has fimbriae 5)Breaks down into two other cell types, where only one has a cell wall 6)Scientists believe this cell type was the first cells on Earth
1)DNA enclosed in a nucleus 3)Complex cell with many organelle 5)Breaks down into two other cell types, where only one has a cell wall
4.1-4.3 CYP: Choose all the statements that are true about diffusion and facilitated diffusion: 1)Diffusion is a process where molecules that are small and uncharged can slip through the phospholipids to enter or exit the membrane, whereas facilitated diffusion is where substances must cross the membrane through an integral protein. 2)Both processes go with their concentration gradient. 3)Both processes require ATP to assist substances in crossing the membrane. 4)Facilitated diffusion requires energy input but diffusion does not.
1)Diffusion is a process where molecules that are small and uncharged can slip through the phospholipids to enter or exit the membrane, whereas facilitated diffusion is where substances must cross the membrane through an integral protein. 2)Both processes go with their concentration gradient.
Before DNA replication, a chromosome has _______ (hint--input a number) chromatid(s). After DNA replication, a chromosome has _________chromatid(s).
1, 2
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: Hyaline cartilage
TRANSLUCENT appearance ends of BONES
CYP 27.1: Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics states: NOTE: More than one answer may apply 1) If a giraffe stretches it's neck to eat food throughout its lifetime it will pass a longer neck on to it's offspring 2) the phenotype of an organism can change in response to the environment; that change will then be passed on to the offspring 3) If two bodybuilders get married and continue to lift throughout their life, they will have a baby with muscles 4) the environment can bring about changes in an organism that they will then pass on to their offspring
1,2,3, and 4
26.1-26.3 CYP: Place the steps of recombinant DNA technology in order (6)
1. A vector, such as a bacterial plasmid is obtained 2. Restriction enzyme cut DNA 3. DNA ligase seals DNA 4. Recombinant DNA is formed 5. Host cell takes up recombined plasmid 6. As cells replicate, genes get cloned
Chapter 4: Match the junction with its description: TIght
1. A zipper-like junction 2. Join adjacent plasma membranes forming an impermeable layer
Chapter 2: Proteins are rather like the Superman of the organic molecules, they have many, many functions in the body. What are some functions?
1. Act as enzymes in many chemical reactions of the body 2. Act as antibodies to fight off foreign substances in the cell 3. Transport oxygen in the blood as hemoglobin **NOT Due to its hydrophobic tendencies, proteins help keep substances out of the cell
Chapter 4: Match the junction with its description: Gap
1. Allow adjacent cells to communicate 2. Join plasma membrane channels between two cells
Chapter 5: Why is apoptosis beneficial
1. Apoptosis occurs during development to get rid of unwanted tissue 2. Apoptosis is what helps dissolve a tadpole's tail as it becomes a frog 3. Pre-cancerous cells are typically targeted by apoptosis
Genetics Quiz: Analyze the pedigree below and identify the type of inheritance shown. Choose all inheritances that you CANNOT rule out. 1. Autosomal recessive 2. Autosomal Dominant 3. X linked recessive
1. Autosomal recessive 2. Autosomal Dominant
9.4-9.7: Choose the correct symbiotic relationships that sometimes assist roots: 1. Bacteria that can break down nitrogen for the plant to absorb, while they receive carbohydrates from the host plant. 2. Fungus that increases surface area and decomposes organic matter, while receiving sugar and amino acids from the host. 3. Microbes that penetrate the surface of the root cells to allow for more water and nutrient exchange, while obtaining ATP in return. 4. Bacteria that fix carbon into a usable form for the plant's cellular respiration phase, while obtaining proteins and carbohydrates in return.
1. Bacteria that can break down nitrogen for the plant to absorb, while they receive carbohydrates from the host plant. 2. Fungus that increases surface area and decomposes organic matter, while receiving sugar and amino acids from the host.
Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: Hyaline cartilage
TRANSLUCENT appearance ends of BONES
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Nondisjuction can occur in which of the following situations (NOTE: more than one answer may apply): 1. Both homologous pairs go into the same cell 2. During cytokinesis, when the cells don't split 3. During either meiosis I or meiosis II 4. Sister chromosomes don't separate and go into the same gamete
1. Both homologous pairs go into the same cell 3. During either meiosis I or meiosis II 4. Sister chromosomes don't separate and go into the same gamete
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Lysosomes
1. Break down macromolecules for disposal
Chapter 15: What color is blood in the arteries? What color is blood in the veins
1. Bright red 2. Darker
9.1-9.3: Choose all that apply to plant's root system. 1. Carbohydrate/food storage 2. Produce hormones 3. Absorb nutrients and water 4. Anchor and support
1. Carbohydrate/food storage 2. Produce hormones 3. Absorb nutrients and water 4. Anchor and support
Chapter 7: Which of the following ares way that protein contributes to ATP synthesis in cellular respiration?
1. Carbon skeletons from amino acids can enter the citric acid cycle 2. Carbon skeletons from amino acids can enter glycolysis 3. Amino acids' carbons can be converted to acetyl groups NOT*** Protein's nucleic acids can be broken down into lactate and enter fermentation
what are some beneficial functions of apoptosis
1. Cells that could lead to CANCER TYPICALLY DIE via apoptosis 2. Apoptosis occurs during development to get rid of UNWANTED TISSUE 3. Apoptosis is what helps dissolve a TADPOLE'S TAIL as it becomes a frog It DOES NOT ***Apoptosis promotes the cell cycle and prevents proto-oncogenes from encoding the wrong proteins
5.1-5.3: What are some reasons why apoptosis is beneficial?
1. Cells that could lead to cancer typically die via apoptosis 2. Apoptosis occurs during development to get rid of unwanted tissue 3. Apoptosis is what helps dissolve a tadpole's tail as it becomes a from
5.1-5.3: What occurs in early prophase?
1. Centrosome duplicate 2. Chromosomes form 3. Nuclear membrane is breaking up
5.1-5.3: What occurs in metaphase?
1. Chromosomes align at the center fully of fully formed spindle fibers 2. Each chromatid is attached to opposite spindle fibers
Chapter 7: Glycolysis occurs in ____1_____ and results in 2 ______2_____ which will go into _____3_____ if ___4____ is present.
1. Cytoplasm 2. Pyruvate 3. Mitochondria 4. Oxygen
CYP 7.4: Glycolysis occurs in ___________ and results in 2 __________ which will go into ___________ if __________ is present.
1. Cytoplasm 2. pyruvate 3. mitochondria 4. Oxygen
5.1-5.3: What would cause a cell to stop during G1 of the cell cycle?
1. DNA building blocks aren't present 2. DNA is damaged 3. DNA is unrepairable 4. The appropriate cyclin is not present
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid and secretion function: Mucous membrane
1. GOBLET CELLS secrete mucus 2. Protects the body from VIRAL and BACTERIA INVASION
mucous membrane
1. GOBLET CELLS secrete mucus 2. Protects the body from VIRAL and BACTERIA INVASION
10.1-10.2: Choose all the adaptations that help seeds disperse in wind. 1. Hooks/spines for attachment to other mobile organisms 2. Seeds that can survive going through the digestive system of animals 3. Hairs/wings that carry seeds in the wind 4. Coevolution with organisms that bury seeds
1. Hooks/spines for attachment to other mobile organisms 2. Seeds that can survive going through the digestive system of animals 3. Hairs/wings that carry seeds in the wind 4. Coevolution with organisms that bury seeds
9.4-9.7: Many stems have diversified. Choose they way(s) below that they have done so: 1. Horizontal runners produce plants where the nodes touch the ground 2. Presence of tendrils/twinning shoots 3. Horizontal rhizomes 4. Presence of corms 5. Addition of a germ layer of cells each season
1. Horizontal runners produce plants where the nodes touch the ground 2. Presence of tendrils/twinning shoots 3. Horizontal rhizomes 4. Presence of corms
5.1-5.3: What is the order of the stages of the cell cycle
1. Interphase stage-G1-growth 2. Interphase stage-S- growth and DNA replication 3. Interphase stage-G2- growth and final preparations for division 4. Mitosis and cytokinesis 5. Two genetically identical daughter cells
Chapter 2: _______ bonding is when electrons are transferred from one atom to another in order to bond. Whereas, ___________ is when two atoms share electrons to bond.
1. Ionic 2. Covalent
Chapter 5: Choose all the answers that apply to crossing over:
1. It is an exchange of genes between nonsister chromatids 2. It results in varied DNA for the cell 3. It is one reason that siblings are not identical 4. It occurs during Prophase I
5.4-5.6 11.1: Describe crossing over
1. It is an exchange of genes between nonsister chromatids 2. The result is varied DNA for the cell 3. It is one reason that siblings are not identical 4. It occurs during Prophase 1
Chapter 2: What are some characteristics of lipids of lipids?
1. Lipids have more energy per gram than any other biomolecules 2. Lipids form membranes for cells 3. Lipids are hydrophobic 2. Steroids are a type of lipid
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Cell wall
1. Located outside membrane; contains peptidoglycan 2. Rigid exterior support; not present in human cells
Chapter 4: Describe passive transport
1. Molecules are crossing the membrane without assistance from ATP. 2. Molecules may be squeezing through the phospholipids or going through integral proteins 3. Molecules are crossing the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. 4. Molecules are traveling with their concentration gradient.
Chapter 4: Match the junction with its description: Adhesion
1. Most common intercellular junction 2. between skin cells 3. Mechanically attach adjacent cells
Doberman's are born with a tail and ears that look like the dog in image A. Breeders have both their ears and tails cropped to represent the "show" standard/expectations of the breed. It has been suggested that as long as every breeder is vigilant about making sure that the ears and tails are cropped in their offspring, it will probably be a few hundred years before Doberman's evolve to look like the cropped and docked image (B). 1. Is this logic accurate? Explain thoroughly. 2 If that logic is faulty and Doberman breeders want the dogs to evolve cropped ears and a docked tail, how do you propose the breeders direct that evolution?
1. No, the logic is not accurate. Cropping a dog's ears and docking a dog's tail are acquired traits like getting a sun tan or building muscles. No matter how tan you are or how big your muscles, your child will not be born tan with big muscles. Every single Doberman could be cropped and docked when born and they would never be born with cropped ears and a docked tail because of this. 2. Remember that natural selection can only "tinker" with traits that are present in the species. Doberman's ears and tails are both very long. A breeder would have a couple of choices, either go on a world-wide search for the shortest Doberman tail, one that was short PRIOR to cropping and who also possessed the shortest of ears and then breed that one with another similarly short ears and tails. And then the breeder would have to hope that the tail and ear length was an autosomal trait and preferably dominant. Even with those odds, if it was autosomal, if it was dominant, it would still take way longer than many, many, many human lifetimes to shorten the tail and ears and probably still wouldn't generate the tall, slender ears of a Doberman. So what would be another option? Another option would be to find another breed that shares those characteristics and breed them with Dobermans. For example, German Shepard's have ears that stand tall on their own. That might be a species a breeder would choose to cross-breed with the Doberman. However, German Shepard's have long, curly tails so the breeder would still have to find another dog species with a naturally short tail. The breeder would also have to ensure that they weren't breeding away the Doberman traits as they cross-bred their dogs. Either solution isn't ideal and wouldn't happen quickly, or maybe at all.
5.1-5.3: What occurs in telophase?
1. Nucleolus begins forming 2. Nuclear membrane reappears 3. Chromosomes become chromatin
Chapter 1: Place the scientific method steps in the correct order (5)
1. Observation/Problem 2. Testable Hypothesis 3. Experiment 4. Analyze Data 5. Draw Conclusion
Place the scientific method steps in the correct order
1. Observation/problem 2. Testable hypothesis 3. Experiment 4. Analyze data 5. Conclusion
9.1-9.3: Identify all the characteristics below that refer to monocots. 1. Parallel leaf veins 2. Scattered vascular bundles 3. Root xylem and phloem in a ring 4. Flower parts in multiples of five 5. Star root phloem pattern 6. Net leaf pattern 7. Flower parts in multiples of three
1. Parallel leaf veins 2. Scattered vascular bundles 3. Root xylem and phloem in a ring 7. Flower parts in multiples of three
Chapter 3: What organelles and structures do general prokaryotic and general eukaryotic cells have in common?
1. Plasma membrane 2. Ribosomes 3. Cytoplasm 4. DNA 5. Cell Wall*
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Mitochondrion
1. Powerhouse of the cell; generates ATP through cellular respiration 2. Converts carbohydrates into ATP
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Ribosomes
1. Protein synthesis (makes proteins) 2. Small organelle, present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Choose all of the following causes of chromosomes breaking: 1. Radiation 2. DNA polymerase malfunction 3. Viruses 4. Exposure to certain chemicals
1. Radiation 2. Viruses 3. Exposure to certain chemicals
9.4-9.7: Choose all the ways that leaves diversify. 1. Simple 2. Compound 3. Bipinnately compound 4. Arranged in alternate, opposite, or whorled
1. Simple 2. Compound 3. Bipinnately compound 4. Arranged in alternate, opposite, or whorled
5.1-5.3: What occurs in prometaphase?
1. Spindle fibers form 2. Kinetochores attach
Choose all the ways that the respiratory system works with the cardiovascular system to accomplish homeostatic functions. 1. Transport of gases to and from the lungs and the tissues 2. Allow carbon dioxide from the air to enter the blood and oxygen from the blood to enter the air 3. Exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid 4. Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between air and blood
1. Transport of gases to and from the lungs and the tissues 3. Exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid 4. Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between air and blood
CYP 15.1-15.3: Inspiration is considered the active phase of ventilation because the diaphragm and intercostals contract, what occurs
1. Volume of thoracic cavity becomes larger 2. Air flows into the alveoli 3. Rib cage moves upward and outward
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid and secretion function: Serous membrane
1. WATERY, lubricating FLUID 2. hinders the SPREAD OF INFECTION
Serous membrane
1. WATERY, lubricating FLUID 2. hinders the SPREAD OF INFECTION
*26.1-26.3 CYP: Choose all the ways that transgenic bacteria is used: 1. acting as an insecticide for crops 2. medical uses such as insulin and vaccines 3. production of phenylalanine 4. assist in helping crops be frost-resistant 5. to identify pathogens in an organism's blood 6. assist in cleaning oil out of bodies of water 7. clean up toxins and self-destruct when done 8. formation of protoplasts; cells that have their wall removed
1. acting as an insecticide for crops 2. medical uses such as insulin and vaccines 3. production of phenylalanine 4. assist in helping crops be frost-resistant 6. assist in cleaning oil out of bodies of water 7. clean up toxins and self-destruct when done
what are the 3 main blood vessels
1. arteries (thick walls and middle layer, carry blood away from the heart to capillaries) 2. capillary (walls one cell thick, permit exchange of materials with tissues) 3. Veins (large holding capacity, return blood from capillaries to heart
5.4-5.6 11.1: What cells are haploid?
1. egg 2. sperm 3. secondary spermatocytes 4. spermatids 5. secondary oocyte
10.1-10.2: The embryo sac of a flowering plant consists of the following (choose all that apply): 1. egg 2. central cell with two polar nuclei 3. synergid cells 4. antipodal cells
1. egg 2. central cell with two polar nuclei 3. synergid cells 4. antipodal cells
9.1-9.3: Choose all that are reproductive structures of plants: 1. fruit 2. seeds 3. stems 4. leaves 5. flowers 6. roots
1. fruit 2. seeds 5. flowers
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid and secretion function: Synovial membrane
1. line movable JOINT CAVITIES 2. LUBRICATE cartilage
Synovial membrane
1. line movable JOINT CAVITIES 2. LUBRICATE cartilage
CYP 27.2 NOTE: more than one answer may apply. Because of descent with modification, all organisms share the same characteristics: 1. made of cells 2.obtain energy from the environment 3. respond to stimuli 4. reproduce
1. made of cells 2.obtain energy from the environment 3. respond to stimuli 4. reproduce
Genetics Quiz: Choose all answers that apply. A karyotype is prepared:
1. using a photograph of a cell sample arrested during metaphase. 2. for an unborn child through amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling 3. by arranging chromosomes into pairs by size, shape, and banding pattern 4. as a means of diagnosing an abnormal chromosome disorder
CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Choose all of the ways that can help you recognize a recessive autosomal disorder. 1.Both males and females are affected with equal frequency 2. Heterozygotes versions are affected 3. Child is affected, parents are not 4. Affected parents will always have affect children
1.Both males and females are affected with equal frequency 3. Child is affected, parents are not 4. Affected parents will always have affect children
Choose all the answers that apply to crossing over:
1.It is an exchange of genes between nonsister chromatids 2.It results in varied DNA for the cell 3.It is one reason that siblings are not identical 4. It occurs during Prophase I
Genetics Quiz: White-eyed is a X-linked recessive trait in fruit flies. If a white-eyed female is mated with a red-eyed male, what is the percent probability that a male will be white-eyed?
100% of the males will have white eyes
5.4-5.6 11.1: How many eggs are formed in oogenesis?
2
CYP 7.4: How many ATP are NET GAINED at the end of glycolysis? [___]
2
CYP 7.4: How many ATP are outputs of the citric acid cycle? [---]
2
CYP 7.4: How many FADH2 are outputs of the citric acid cycle?
2
CYP 7.4: How many NADH are produced at the end of glycolysis? [_]
2
CYP 7.1-7.2: Which response identifies the outputs of glycolysis?
2 3C pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ADP, 4 ATP
Chapter 7: Which response identifies the outputs of glycolysis?
2 3C pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ADP, 4 ATP
Carbohydrates are characterized by the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms. What is that ratio?
2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen
CYP 3.1-3.3: When contrasting plant and animal cells, choose the structures below that are only present in plant cells: 1)Mitochondria 2)Cell wall 3)Lysosomes 4)Peroxisomes 5)Chloroplasts
2)Cell wall 5)Chloroplasts
Scientist propose that like originated in a series of four steps. Place the following steps in the correct order 1. Pre-cells develop the ability to self replicate 2. Organic molecules develop from monomers 3. Organic polymer is formed into structures such as DNA 4. Cellular membranes formed
2,3,4,1
Chapter 11: Choose all of the functions below that correspond to the lymphatic system: 1. Protein absorption 2. Fluid balance 3. Fat absorption 4. Immunological defense
2. Fluid balance 3. Fat absorption 3. Immunological defense
Unit Test: Question 12 (picture) The girl should (multiple answers may apply): 1. Keep quiet about her diagnosis 2. Suggest that her siblings see a genetic counselor before conceiving 3. Suggest that her siblings marry someone who also has the disease 4. Tell her siblings to get an FAP test
2. Suggest that her siblings see a genetic counselor before conceiving 4. Tell her siblings to get an FAP test
****CYP 8.1-8.3: Which explanation best describes the phase of carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin cycle?
3 atmospheric CO2 molecules go through a 2-step process and end in six molecules of 3PG (3-phosphoglycerate)
CYP 8.1-8.3: Which explanation best describes the phase of carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin cycle?
3 atmospheric CO2 molecules go through a 2-step process and end in six molecules of 3PG (3-phosphoglycerate)
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Down's syndrome
3 copies of chromosome 21
Chapter 3: Choose all the correct statements about plant and animal cells: 1. Both cell types have a cell wall 2. Both are prokaryotic 3. Both are complex cells with many organelles 4. Only plant cells have a cell wall 5. Both cell types have mitochondria 6. Only plant cells have chloroplasts 7. Only animal cells have centrioles 8. Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have many small ones 9. Both cell types have centrioles 10. Both are eukaryotic
3. Both are complex cells with many organelles 4. Only plant cells have a cell wall 5. Both cell types have mitochondria 6. Only plant cells have chloroplasts 7. Only animal cells have centrioles 8. Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have many small ones 10. Both are eukaryotic
Genetics Quiz: When performing a test cross, why is it beneficial to cross an individual showing a dominant phenotype with an individual showing a recessive phenotype? 1. So the dominant will show up in the offspring 2. There is no real benefit to crossing with a recessive phenotype 3. Only a recessive phenotype expresses a known genotype. 4. To verify that the dominant trait is actually dominant
3. Only a recessive phenotype expresses a known genotype
CYP 7.4: Which number range accurately indicates the number of ATP generated in the electron transport chain?
32-34
Chapter 7: Which number range accurately indicates the number of ATP generated in the electron transport chain?
32-34
*CYP 23.1-24.2: ________ is the ratio outcome of a monohybrid cross of two heterozyous individuals.
3:1
CYP 8.1-8.3: Which explanation best describes the carbon dioxide reduction phase in the Calvin cycle?
3PG molecules undergo a two step process using ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate
5.4-5.6 11.1: How many sperm are produced in spermatogenesis?
4
CYP 5.4-11.1: How many sperm are produced in spermatogenesis?
4
How many sperm are produced in spermatogenesis?
4
CYP 7.1-7.2: 4 ATP are made in glycolysis, but only 2 ATP are a net gain. Which explanation best describes this?
4 ATP are made in glycolysis, but 2 are used to activate glucose so the end result, or net gain, is two ATP
Chapter 7: 4 ATP are made in glycolysis, but only 2 ATP are a net gain. Which explanation best describes this?
4 ATP are made in glycolysis, but 2 are used to activate glucose so the end result, or net gain, is two ATP.
CYP 5.1-5.3: Which response is NOT an explanation of why apoptosis is a beneficial? 1)Cells that could lead to cancer typically die via apoptosis 2)Apoptosis occurs during development to get rid of unwanted tissue 3)Apoptosis is what helps dissolve a tadpole's tail as it becomes a frog 4)Apoptosis promotes the cell cycle and prevents proto-oncogenes from encoding the wrong proteins
4)Apoptosis promotes the cell cycle and prevents proto-oncogenes from encoding the wrong proteins
9.1-9.3: ________________ are nonliving cells that form a pipeline for water and mineral transport, whereas _______________ cells are living cells that join end to end for organic nutrient transport. 1. Stem//petiole 2. Nodes//internodes 3. Internodes//nodes 4. Phloem//xylem 5. Xylem//phloem
5. Xylem//phloem
CYP 23.1-24.2: White-eyed is a X-linked recessive trait in fruit flies. If a red-eyed heterozygous female is mated with a red-eyed male, what is the percent probability that a male will be white-eyed?
50% of the males will have white eyes
if one CO2 goes into the Calvin Cycle at a time, how many times would the cycle have to occur to form a glucose molecule?
6
Chapter 8: What is the equation of photosynthesis
6CO₂ + 6H₂0→C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6CO₂
Genetics Quiz: Assuming a simple dominant/recessive relationship, if two parents are heterozygous for a trait, what percentage of their offspring will have their phenotype?
75%
Genetics Quiz: Describe color blindness
8% of caucasian men have this condition
*CYP 23.1-24.2: ________ is the ratio outcome of a dihybrid cross of two heterozyous individuals.
9:3:3:1
Which response best describes cytokinesis in animal cells?
A CONTRACTILE RING OF ACTIN constricts BETWEEN THE TWO NUCLEI forming until it PINCHES THE CELL in two
31.4-31.5: Which response(s) best describe a pseudocoelom? A body cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm Provides space for development of organs Allows easy passage of molecules Provides a type of skeleton True coelom
A body cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm Provides space for development of organs Allows easy passage of molecules Provides a type of skeleton
Match the term with its description: Clade
A branch on a cladogram in which those organisms share common characteristics
CYP 27.2 When analyzing the same protein from two different species, scientists can infer relatedness. Which statement best describes two species that are closely related based on a protein comparison?
A comparison of the order of amino acids in the protein hemoglobin between a chimpanzee and a bonobos shows very few differences.
When analyzing the same protein from two different species, scientists can infer relatedness. Which statement best describes two species that are closely related based on a protein comparison?
A comparison of the order of amino acids in the protein hemoglobin between a chimpanzee and a bonobos shows very few differences.
CYP 5.1-5.3: Which response best describes cytokinesis in animal cells?
A contractile ring of actin constricts between the two nuclei forming until it pinches the cells in two
Chapter 5: Which response best describes cytokinesis in animal cells?
A contractile ring of actin constricts between the two nuclei forming until it pinches the cells in two
Unit Test: What is Cry9C?
A gene for a protein that was introduced to corn to minimize pests effects on the corn
31.4-31.5: Choose all the characteristics that make arthropods successful: A rigid, jointed exoskeleton Being segmented Highly-developed nervous system Various respiratory organs Metamorphosize so competition is decreased Well-developed reproductive system
A rigid, jointed exoskeleton Being segmented Highly-developed nervous system Various respiratory organs Metamorphosize so competition is decreased
***CYP 27.2 Scientists use biochemistry to study evolutionary relationships between different species. Scientists can study DNA, but they can also study proteins. Why proteins? A. DNA is the recipe for proteins; thus the protein is a result of the DNA, but may be less daunting to analyze. B. Relatedness can be determined based on if the two species have the same number of proteins. C. Scientists can compare the nucleotides of the proteins, if they're similar the organisms are closely related. D.Proteins have their own mitochondrial DNA, compare the nucleotide sequences of the DNA can infer relationships.
A. DNA is the recipe for proteins; thus the protein is a result of the DNA, but may be less daunting to analyze.
Unit Test: Question 1 (picture) Analyze the chromosomal mutations below. Match the letter with the correct type of mutation.
A. Duplication B. Inversion C. Deletion D. Insertion E. Translocation
Chapter 3: Match the letter with its correct structure *See Chart*
A. Nucleolus B. Chromatin C. Nuclear membrane H. Mitochondrion I. Plasma membrane J. Ribosome K. Rough ER
Chapter 11: Match the tissue with it's name *see chart*
A. loose fibrous connective tissue B. Dense fibrous connective tissue C. Adipose tissue D. Hyline tissue E. Compact bone
Chapter 4: What supplies the energy for active transport?
ATP
Chapter 8: _________ is produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin cycle.
ATP & NADPH
_________ is produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin cycle.
ATP & NADPH
Chapter 6/14: Which of the following chemical equations is correct in reference to the ATP cycle?
ATP --> ADP + P + energy
Chapter 6/14: How does ATP supply energy for our bodies
ATP carries energy between exergonic reactions and endergonic reactions. When a phosphate group is released by hydrolysis, ATP releases the appropriate amount of energy for most metabolic reactions
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Turner syndrome
Absence of an X chromosome
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Musculoskeletal
Accounts for BODY MOVEMENT Stores MINERAL and produces red blood cells (RBC)
Musculoskeletal
Accounts for BODY MOVEMENT Stores MINERAL and produces red blood cells (RBC)
Chapter 11: Musculoskeletal system
Accounts for body movement; stores mineral and produces red blood cells
CYP 14:Match the optimum pH with the digestive organ or accessory organ. NOTE: Some answers may be used twice, some may not be used at all: Stomach
Acidic
CYP 14: What is chyme?
Acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.
Chapter 1 CYP: Adaptations and adapting to one's environment are not the same thing, which response best describes their difference?
Adaptations are characteristics that organisms have based on their genes, whereas adapting to one's environment is based on a choice made by the organism.
Chapter 1 CYP: Match the characteristic with it's classification: Order primates
Adapted to climb trees
Chapter 1 CYP: Match the characteristic with it's classification: Family Hominidae
Adapted to walk erect
Cell Structure Quiz: The bacteria capsule:
Aids bacteria in causing disease because it prevents eukaryotic cells from engulfing it.
Unit Test: DNA microarrays have the ability to tell between two different cell types. Which explanation best describes why that is?
All cells from the same organism have the same DNA, but different genes are expressed based on the cell type and function. The microarray attaches dye to active portions of DNA's close cousin mRNA. The "active" portions are the genes that are being expressed which identifies the cell type.
34.1-34.2: A community is:
All of the different populations in an area
34.1-34.2: A population is:
All the members of the same species in an area
**CYP 24.1-24.4: Which explanation best explains why linked alleles do not show independent assortment?
All the traits on a particular chromosome have a tendency to be inherited together due to their fixed location on the chromosome QUIZ: Traits on a particular chromosome have a tendency to be inherited together due to their fixed location on the chromosome
Embryology can be used as evidence for evolution. Which response below is an example of embryology as evidence for evolution?
All vertebrate organisms start out with a tail and gill slits.
*CYP 23.1-24.2: Which explanation best describes why Gg are alleles but GR are not?
Alleles represent different versions of the same trait and are always at the same locus
Chapter 4: Match the protein with its role in the cell Channel
Allows a particular ,olecule across the membrane
4.1-4.3 CYP: Match the protein with its role in the cell: Channel
Allows a particular molecule across the membrane
The Miller-Urey experiment was a profound experiment because they were able to simulate the conditions of early earth and in doing so they formed _____________ The building blocks of protein in 2008 the experiment was reproduce and in that reproduction the scientist discovered __________
Amino acids // all 22 amino acids needed for life
CYP 5.4-11.1: The term fiber has multiple meanings depending on the tissue it is associated with. Which response best describes nerve fiber?
An AXON and its MYELIN SHEATH
The term fiber has multiple meanings depending on the tissue it is associated with. Which response best describes nerve fiber?
An AXON and its MYELIN SHEATH
5.4-5.6 11.1: The term fiber has multiple meanings depending on the tissue it is associated with. What is never fiber?
An axon and its myelin sheath
CYP 27.1: Which response best describes an adaptation?
An inherited trait that is better suited for the environment
Which response best describes an adaptation?
An inherited trait that is better suited for the environment
*CYP 23.1-24.2: Which response best describes the law of segregation?
An organism has two alleles for each trait. Their sperm or egg will get one version of that allele. When the sperm and egg unite, they will get a version from mom and version from dad creating the individuals genotype.
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with its characteristic: Segmented with a hydrostatic skeleton
Annelids
Chapter 12: The _______ is the largest artery of the body and the _____ is the largest vein.
Aorta Vena cava
CYP 7.1-7.2: What is the role of FAD in cellular respiration?
As a coenzyme electron carrier
Chapter 7: What is the role of FAD in cellular respiration?
As a coenzyme electron carrier
Which response below best describes why the H+ gradient across the thylakoid membrane is considered a storage of energy?
As electrons, energized by solar energy, travel through the electron transport chain, their energy drives H+ into the thylakoid space, as well as water is split leaving H+ in the thylakoid space. Because H+ is a charged ion, this creates an electrochemical gradient where there is more H+ on one side of the membrane than the other generating potential energy.
Chapter 6/14: What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Assist the chemical reactions that break down food into molecular components such as proteins broken down into amino acids
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Assist the chemical reactions that break down food into molecular components such as proteins broken down into amino acids
4.1-4.3 CYP: Match the protein with its role in the cell: Enzymatic
Assists in metabolism (Chemical reactions)
Unit Test: question 11 (picture) What is the mode of inheritance for the condition in the following pedigree? More than one answer may apply. Y-linked recessive Autosomal recessive Autosomal dominant X-linked recessive
Autosomal dominant
*CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Why type of inheritance would this pedigree represent? unaffected mother, unaffected father= affected daughter
Autosomal recessive
5.4-5.6 11.1: Neuron structure C
Axon
Chapter 12;Place the pathway of blood flow through the body in the correct order. NOTE: Start with deoxygenated blood entering the heart. A. Blood travels through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries B. Blood enters the right atrium via the vena cava C. Blood enters the left atrium D. Blood travels through the aortic semilunar valve E. Blood passes through the atrioventricular tricuspid valve F. Blood passes through the atrioventricular bicuspid valve G. Blood travels from the aorta to the body H. Blood enters the right ventricle I. Blood travels to the lungs J. Blood enters through the pulmonary vein K. Blood enters the left ventricle
B, E, H, A, I, J, C, F, K, D, G
flip card over... B. dendrite A. cell body C. axon
B. branches on far left A. arrow that says neurons C. branches on far right
Chapter 12: Match the disorder with its description: Aneurysm
Ballooning of a blood vessel
CYP 14: Match the optimum pH with the digestive organ or accessory organ. NOTE: Some answers may be used twice, some may not be used at all: Pancreas
Basic (alkaline)
CYP 14: Match the optimum pH with the digestive organ or accessory organ. NOTE: Some answers may be used twice, some may not be used at all: Small Intestine
Basic (alkaline)
Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells of humans. If you have the dominant genotype allele combination (Ex. BB), then your hemoglobin molecules are fully functioning and your red blood cells are disc shaped. If you have the heterozygous form, you will have both the functioning allele (B) and the allele that causes red blood cells to become shaped like a half-moon, or a sickle (think of the Grim Reaper's sickle). The sickle allele we will designate b. If you have the homozygous recessive form, you will have both alleles that provide the sickle shaped red blood cells (Ex. bb). People with genotype bb suffer from anemia caused by poor oxygen delivery by the sickle-shaped cells in the blood. Furthermore, periodic and painful crises can lead to serious organ damage. This condition, known as sickle-cell anemia, is often fatal. Many homozygotes die before the age of reproduction. People with the genotype Bb produce a mixture of normal and abnormal hemoglobin. For the most part, the production of normal hemoglobin compensates for the production of mutant hemoglobin, and the heterozygotes do not suffer from sickle cell anemia (although they are, of course, carriers of the sickle-cell trait). Malaria, a disease which can cause debilitating anemia and potentially fatal brain blood clots in people, is caused by a vector in mosquitos. This is a parasite that is common in African mosquitos. Mosquitoes transmit the disease by drawing blood from an infected person. With the blood, they also draw up parasite. These parasites then live in the gut of the mosquito, where they reproduce sexually, and move to the mosquito's salivary gland. When the mosquito then draws blood from an uninfected person, the parasite is transferred to that person in the saliva of the mosquito. The parasites invade the human blood stream and quickly move to the liver where they multiply by asexual reproduction. The offspring of these invaders move back into the blood and inhabit red blood cells. Further asexual reproduction causes the red blood cells to burst, which causes the severe symptoms of the disease. Research indicates that areas that have malaria infected mosquitos have high sickle cell anemia allele frequencies. This is because individuals who are heterozygous for the allele (genotype Bb) do not suffer from the severe anemia due to nearly all red blood cells sickling, but also enjoy resistance to malaria. What is the best genotype to have in Africa where there mosquitos carrying the malaria vector?
Bb
CYP 2.1-2.3: Why is water an excellent transport mechanism inside an organism?
Because of its cohesive and adhesive properties
9.1-9.3: Why is transplantation of a plant more successful if some of the surrounding soil is transplanted with it?
Because of the presence of delicate root hairs
Given what you've learned about sickle cell disease and malaria, if Africa was able to completely eradicate mosquitos, how would that impact the allele frequencies of the sickle cell gene?
Because the sickle cell gene can cause death, without mosquitos keeping it in the population, the frequency will decrease.
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with it's characteristics: Cnidarians
Bell-shaped; have stinging cells; have gastrovascular cavity
Chapter 12: Match the disorder with its description: Stroke
Blood supply to the brain is disrupted
Chapter 1 CYP: Match the characteristic with it's classification: Species (Homo sapiens)i
Body characteristics similar to modern humans
CYP 2.1-2.3: How does water's high heat of vaporization help an organism maintain homeostasis?
Body heat is used to vaporize water or sweat cooling the animal
Chapter 1: How does water's high heat of vaporization help an organism maintain homeostasis?
Body heat is used to vaporize water or sweat cooling the animal
****31.2-31.3: Choose all the characteristics below that represent sponges: Are deuterostomes Have two tissue layers Body perforated by pores Asymmetrical Multicellular but lack tissues or organs Reproduce asexually and sexually Bilaterally symmetrical
Body perforated by pores Asymmetrical Multicellular but lack tissues or organs Reproduce asexually and sexually
Cell Structure Quiz: Choose all the correct statements about plant and animal cells. Both cell types have a cell wall Both are prokaryotic Both are complex cells with many organelles Only plant cells have a cell wall Both cell types have mitochondria Only plant cells have chloroplasts Only animal cells have centrioles Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have many small ones Both cell types have centrioles Both are eukaryotic
Both are complex cells with many organelles Only plant cells have a cell wall Both cell types have mitochondria Only plant cells have chloroplasts Only animal cells have centrioles Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have many small ones Both are eukaryotic
Choose all the correct statements about plant and animal cells. Both are eukaryotic Both are complex cells with many organelles Both cell types have a cell wall Only plant cells have chloroplasts Both cell types spit during cytokinesis in the same exact way Both cell types have centrioles Only plant cells have a cell wall Only animal cells have centrioles Both are prokaryotic Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have many small ones Both cell types have mitochondria
Both are eukaryotic Both are complex cells with many organelles Only plant cells have chloroplasts Only plant cells have a cell wall Only animal cells have centrioles Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have many small ones Both cell types have mitochondria
4.1-4.3 CYP: What does facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?
Both processes require the help of an integral protein for substances to cross the membrane
Chapter 4: What does facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?
Both processes require the help of an integral protein for substances to cross the membrane.
Chapter 4: Contrast the difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion.
Both use membrane proteins; active transport requires energy in the form of ATP and facilitated diffusion goes with its concentration gradient.
27.5-27.6 Match the term with its description: Taxonomy
Branch of biology that identifies and classifies organisms
Match the term with its description: Taxonomy
Branch of biology that identifies and classifies organisms
27.5-27.6 Match the term with its description: Phylogeny
Branch of biology that infers evolutionary relatedness between species
Match the term with its description: Phylogenetics
Branch of biology that infers evolutionary relatedness between species
5.1-5.3: Proto-oncogenes are to a gas pedal as tumor suppressor genes are to __________?
Break pedal
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Digestive system
Breaks down biomolecules
Chapter 11: Digestive system
Breaks down biomolecules
Digestive system
Breaks down biomolecules
Cell Structure Quiz: Lysosomes
Breaks down macromolecules for disposal
Matter the condition of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with its explanation Gene flow
Breeding does not occur outside of the population
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Cardiovascular system
Brings in OXYGEN EXPELS CARBON; maintains PH
Respiratory system
Brings in OXYGEN EXPELS CARBON; maintains PH
Chapter 11: Respiratory system
Brings in oxygen expels carbon, maintains pH
Unit Test: In horses, some of the genes for hair color are incompletely dominant. Phenotypes are as follows: brown horses, white horses and the heterozygous form are a yellow-tannish colored horse with a white mane and tail, which is called "palomino". Which two colors of horse would you want to breed if you wanted to produce the maximum numbers of palominos in the shortest amount of time?
Brown and White
Male deer (bucks) in a given population are reaching sexual maturity with smaller antlers than they did in the past because antler growth rate has decreased. Some biologists suggest that this change is related to hunting because bucks with larger antlers are most prized and therefore taken by hunters more often than bucks with smaller antlers. Which statement best explains the decreased antler size of the buck population?
Bucks that reproduce with smaller antlers are likely to have more chances to reproduce because they are not as likely to be taken by hunters. They then pass on their slower antler growth rate to their offspring.
Chapter 12: Match the disorder with its description: Atherosclerosis
Build up of cholesterol in arteries
One of the alternate photosynthesis pathways doesn't have to worry about photorespiration. Which one and why?
C4 because the bundle shealths don't allow RuBP carboxylase exposure to oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O -------------->[ ____________________] + 6O2
C6H12O6
Which alternate photosynthesis pathway utilizes cooler night temperatures?
CAM
Yucca plants have photosynthetic cells just below the epidermis instead of distributed throughout the leaf, like most plants. This is because they store a 4 carbon molecule in vacuoles overnight in order to keep stomata closed during the hot days. What type of photosynthetic pathway is described?
CAM photosynthesis
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the muscle tissue with its characteristic. Yes, some muscle tissue will be used more than once: Cardiac muscle
CELLS BRANCH like a tree involuntary BLOOD MOVEMENT
cardiac muscle
CELLS BRANCH like a tree involuntary BLOOD MOVEMENT
Describe early prophase:
CENTROSOME DUPLICATE, chromosome form, nuclear membrane is breaking up
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: Compact bone
CONCENTRIC RINGS support and protection
Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: Compact bone
CONCENTRIC RINGS support and protection
what are fibroblasts
CONNECTIVE TISSUE that PRODUCES collagen and other FIBERS
Use the following chart to explain why leaves are green.
CYP 8.1-8.3: The pigments in leaves are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. The chart shows what colors of the visible spectrum each pigment can absorb. Because green is only minimally absorbed, green light is what is reflected.
How do C4 plants prevent photorespiration?
Calvin cycle occurs in bundle sheaths that protect the cycle from exposure to oxygen.
31.2-31.3: Choose all of the responses that are associated with rotifers: Have a lophophore Can live in salt water Can live on land Have a corona Can live in freshwater Some are parasitic
Can live in salt water Can live on land Have a corona Can live in freshwater
9.1-9.3: Match the tissue cell type with its function: Sieve-tube members
Carbohydrate and other organic compound transport
Final: Only six elements are important to living organisms. They are:
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
Only six elements are important to living organisms. They are:
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur
5.4-5.6 11.1: What muscle tissue has involuntary; blood movement
Cardiac muscle
5.4-5.6 11.1: What muscle tissue have cells that branch like a tree
Cardiac muscle
CYP 15.1-15.3: Vagus nerve
Carries inhibitory impulses from the lungs to the brain to stop the lungs from overstreaching
9.4-9.7: Match Eudicot root structure with its characteristic: Endodermal cells regulate the passage of minerals because of this structure
Casparian Strip
???CYP 3.1-3.3: Which characteristic below do plant cells have in common with bacterial cells
Cell wall?
26.1-26.3 CYP: Which answer best describes ex vivo gene therapy?
Cells are extracted from the patient and infected with a virus carrying a normal gene, and then the cells are reintroduced to the patient
CYP 3.1-3.3: Explain why it is beneficial for our cells to be very small.
Cells take in nutrients and expel waste at the surface of the cell; the cell membrane. As a cell gets larger, it needs more nutrients and expels more waste, but yet its cell membrane surface area is not increasing at the same rate at the internal contents (volume) of the cell. See pg 45 for additional images and explanations.
Chapter 1 CYP: Match the characteristic with it's classification: Domain Eukarya
Cells wit nuclei
CYP 5.1-5.3: Match the mitosis stage with its characteristics: Early Prophase
Centrosomes duplicate; chromosomes form, nuclear membrane begins breaking up
Chapter 5: Match the mitosis stage with its characteristics Early prophase
Centrosomes duplicate; chromosomes form, nuclear membrane begins breaking up
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with its characteristic: Includes squid; siphon on head; jet propulsion movement
Cephalopods
Unit Test: Candace has type B blood. Her baby is type AB. Which of the following men could NOT be her baby's father? NOTE: There could be more than one answer. Possible fathers and blood types: Tom, O Jack, A John, AB Chase, B
Chase and Tom (B, O)
The plasma membrane is made of two different lipids, what are they?
Cholesterol and Phospholipds
31.4-31.5: Why were chordates, which are vertebrates, included in the original phylogenetic tree for this chapter?
Chordates have similar embryonic development with echinoderms
CYP 14: Match the digestive organ or accessory organ with its function: Stomach
Churns food; lined by mucus
9.4-9.7: Match the plant with the way it can be used to clean up toxic messes: Mulberry bush
Cleans up industrial sludge
26.1-26.3 CYP: Which explanation best distinguishes the difference between transgenic organisms and cloned organisms?
Cloned organisms DNA are identical to one another; transgenic organisms are organisms with genes inserted from another source
34.3-34.3: ___________ is when species evolve based on the selective pressures they place on each other.
Coevolution
Cell Structure Quiz: In the extracellular matrix, what two substances have support functions?
Collagen and elastin
34.3-34.3: Match the symbiotic relationship with its name: Barnacles on whales
Commensalism
34.3-34.3: Match the symbiotic relationship with its name: One species benefits; other is unaffected
Commensalism
34.3-34.3: _______________________ states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche at the same time if resources are limited.
Competitive exclusion principle
CYP 14: Match the digestive organ or accessory organ with its function: Small intestine
Completes digestion; absorb nutrients; digest organic molecules
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Nucleolus
Concentrated area of chromatin, RNA, and proteins; RNA synthesis
Cell Structure Quiz: Mitochondrion
Converts carbohydrates into ATP
Cell Structure Quiz: Chloroplast
Converts solar energy into glucose
Chapter 12: Match the disorder with its description: Heart Attack
Coronary arteries are obstructed
9.4-9.7: Match Eudicot root structure with its characteristic: Parenchyma cells containing starch
Cortex
Unit 1 Test: The bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms WITHIN a water molecule is a ____ bond, while the bond BETWEEN water molecules is a ____ bond.
Covalent // hydrogen
4.1-4.3 CYP: Which best describes the role of the phospholipids in the membrane?
Create a barrier between the cell and its environment
Chapter 4: Which best describes the role of the phospholipids in the membrane?
Create a barrier between the cell and its environment
10.1-10.2: How do they make seedless watermelon?
Cross a 2n with a 4n watermelon; creating a sterile seedless variety
Which of the following organelles/structures do both general eukaryotic and general prokaryotic cells have in common? NOTE: Choose ALL that apply. Chloroplasts Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus DNA Nucleus Ribosomes MItochondria Cytoplasm Plasma membrane
DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm Plasma membrane
***CYP 5.1-5.3: Which of the following would cause a cell to stop during G1 of the cell cycle? Choose all that apply. DNA building blocks aren't present DNA is damaged DNA is unrepairable The appropriate cyclin is not present
DNA building blocks aren't present DNA is damaged DNA is unrepairable The appropriate cyclin is not present
***Unit 2 question 4 Chapter 5: Which of the following choices correctly lists the events of meiosis in chronological order?
DNA duplication --> crossing over --> independent assortment --> homologous chromosomes split --> sister chromatids split --> haploid daughter cells are formed
Unit Test: DNA fingerprinting is a rather outdated way of analyzing DNA. Instead, analysts use STR profiling. Which response below accurately describes the difference between the two techniques?
DNA fingerprinting analyzed a person's entire genome through the use of PCR and restriction enzymes. STR profiling also uses PCR but it identifies specific repeating bases and does not use restriction enzymes.
Scientists use biochemistry to study evolutionary relationships between different species. Scientists can study DNA, but they can also study proteins. Why proteins?
DNA is the recipe for proteins; thus the protein is a result of the DNA, but may be less daunting to analyze.
CYP 5.1-5.3: Why is it important for the cell cycle to stop in G2 if DNA is not done replicating?
DNA must completely double before going into mitosis in order to have 2 fully functioning and identical cells
Why is it important for the cell cycle to stop in G2 if DNA is not done replicating
DNA must completely double before going into mitosis in order to have 2 fully functioning and identical cells
5.1-5.3: Why is it important for the cell cycle to stop in G2 if DNA is not done replicating?
DNA must completely double before going into mitosis in order to have 2 fully functioning identical cells
decribe prophase
DOUBLED CHROMOSOMES present nucleoulus disappers centrosomes separate
How did Darwin's study of Galapagos finches lead to modern evolutionary theory?
Darwin used the example of a common finch ancestor to the various finch varieties on the islands as the basis for the "tree of life" and a common ancient ancestor to all species.
Lamarck's theory provided the foundation for Darwin's theory but there was one distinct difference between Lamarck's theory and Darwin's, what was it?
Darwin's theory states that genetic traits are inherited; Lamarck's theory states that acquired traits are inherited.
31.1: Match the symmetry with its description: Bilateral Symmetry
Definite right and left
5.4-5.6 11.1: Neuron structure B
Dendrite
Cell Structure Quiz: In organs where stretching occurs (heart, stomach, bladder), what holds the cells together?
Desmosomes
Louis Pasteur was responsible for many scientific events. Name some
Devised an experiment to prove micro organisms did not spontaneously appear Save the life of a little boy who had been bitten by a rabid dog Developed a rabies vaccine Coin the term virus which is Latin for poison Did not improve the quality of microscopes
31.1: Both animals and fungi must rely on external sources for food. Which response below best describes how fungi obtain their food?
Digest food externally and absorb the broken down products
CYP 14: Match the organic molecule with its digestion location: Lipid
Digested by pancreatic lipase in small intestine
Chapter 6/14: Match the organic molecule with its digestion location Lipids
Digested by pancreatic lipase in the small intestine
*CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Marfan syndrome
Dominant, defective fibrillin caused notable appearance differences between caved in chest and weak aorta wall
*CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Match the condition with its characteristics: Huntington disease
Dominant, neurological disorder leads to brain deterioration and a shortened life
Chapter 1 CYP: Match the characteristic with it's classification: Phylum Chordara
Dorsal supporting rod and nerve cord
CYP 5.1-5.3: Prophase
Doubled chromosomes present; nucleolus disappears, centrosomes separate
Chapter 5: Match the mitosis stage with its characteristics Prophase
Doubled chromosomes present; nucleolus disappears, centrosomes separate
Chapter 4: What characteristic makes phospholipids different from other lipids?
Due to the addition of a phosphate group, the molecule becomes polar
What characteristic makes phospholipids different from other lipids?
Due to the addition of a phosphate group, the molecule becomes polar
****Choose all the characteristics below that belong to vertebrates: Presence of a strong, jointed exoskeleton Ears are either equilibrium devices or sound sensors Eyes that have developed as outgrowths of the brain Skeleton and muscles work together for efficient movement Presence of an incomplete digestive tract Presence of a vertebral column Presence of a skull enclosing a brain
Ears are either equilibrium devices or sound sensors Eyes that have developed as outgrowths of the brain Skeleton and muscles work together for efficient movement Presence of a vertebral column Presence of a skull enclosing a brain
11.2-11.3: What body system has a wide array of effects on the entire body due to its chemical messengers
Endocrine
34.1-34.2: Environmental conditions that slow down a population's growth include things such as limited food, accumulation of waste, increase competition and predation, collectively these conditions are known as:
Environmental Resistance
Chapter 2: Match the organic molecule with its characteristic: Proteins
Enzymatic, structural or transport functions
Protein
Enzymatic, structural, or transport
9.4-9.7: Match Eudicot root structure with its characteristic: Presence of root hairs
Epidermis
34.3-34.3: The Florida panther is an example of what type of life history pattern?
Equilibrium pattern
9.1-9.3: Embryos that have two cotyledons are known as:
Eudicots
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Match the mutation with its description: Translocation
Exchange of genetic material with NON-homologous chromosomes
In the article, "Ancient Tuberculosis Found in 500,000-Year-Old-Fossil", scientists were able to make observations that might help direct treatment of tuberculosis patients today. Which response below might be a possible treatment regimen for current tuberculosis patients?
Exposing the patient to intermittent UV radiation to jump start the patient's immune system.
A protein molecule's shape is very important. If they undergo a shape change, it is known as denaturing. What circumstance(s) can lead to a denatured protein?
Extreme heat and pH changes
Which of the following is only in cellular respiration and not photosynthesis?
FADH2
CYP 2.1-2.3: Antacids are medications people take that will help increase the acidic environment of the digestive system. T or F?
False
Humans evolved from apes.
False
27.5-27.6 Match the term with its description: Parismony
Family tree based on inferences about evolutionary relatedness among different species
Match the term with its description: Phylogeny
Family tree based on inferences about evolutionary relatedness among different species
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Rough ER
Folding modification and transport of proteins
Matter the condition of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with its explanation No mutations
For a population to stay at the HW equilibrium there must be no changes in DNA
Chapter 8: What is the goal of the Calvin Cycle?
Form a G3P, which can make many structures including glucose
What is the goal of the Calvin Cycle?
Form a G3P, which can make many structures including glucose
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Centrioles
Formation of basal bodies
Choose all the responses that describe and/or support the replacement model of human evolution. Proposes that modern humans evolved simultaneously in Africa, Europe and Asia Fossil records show the earliest remains of humans in Africa Proposes that modern humans evolved in Africa and then migrated to Asia and Europe Mitochondrial DNA in Africans is more diverse than anywhere else in the world
Fossil records show the earliest remains of humans in Africa Proposes that modern humans evolved in Africa and then migrated to Asia and Europe Mitochondrial DNA in Africans is more diverse than anywhere else in the world
Characteristics of placental mammals include: Four chambered heart Differentiated teeth Extraembryonic membrane is modified for internal development Placenta allows for nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and the offspring
Four chambered heart Differentiated teeth Extraembryonic membrane is modified for internal development Placenta allows for nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and the offspring
CYP 7.1-7.2: Which response below best describes the energy harvesting phase of glycolysis?
G3P is oxidized, NAD+ picks up a H+, 4 phosphate groups attached to ADP
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with its characteristic: Includes snails; moves by muscle contraction
Gastropods
Which of the following are processes of evolution? Choose all that apply. Gene flow Genetic drift Parsimony Nonrandom mating Natural Selection Mutation
Gene flow Genetic drift Nonrandom mating Natural Selection Mutation
At the end of meiosis:
Germ cells are formed The cells are haploid The cells are genetically varied There are two cells
CYP 5.4-11.1: At the end of meiosis There are 4 cells Germ cells are formed Somatic cells are formed The cells are haploid The cells are genetically identical The cells are genetically varied The cells are diploid There are two cells
Germ cells are formed The cells are haploid The cells are genetically varied There are two cells
CYP 7.1-7.2: Which explanation below best describes why there's an energy investment phase of glycolysis?
Glucose has to be activated by the two ATP
Chapter 4: Match the protein with its role in the cell Cell recognition
Glycoprotein; helps the cell identify an invading microbe
*CYP 23.1-24.2: Curliness of hair is an example of incomplete dominance. Which genotype below would represent an individual with wavy hair? A. HH B. H2H2 C. H1H1 D. H1H2
H1H2
****Choose all the characteristics that relate to Cro-Magnons. Had a thoroughly modern appearance Oldest Homo sapien fossil Culture included art Accomplished hunters Named after location in France where humans entered the area
Had a thoroughly modern appearance Oldest Homo sapien fossil Culture included art Accomplished hunters Named after location in France where humans entered the area
Chapter 1 CYP: Match the characteristic with it's classification: Class Mammalia
Hair, mammary glands
Chapter 11: Reproductive system
Has different organs based on the sex of the individual
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Nucleus
Houses the DNA of a cell; cell control center
Unit Test: question 10 (picture) What is the relationship between I-2 and III-5?
I-2 is the grandmother to III-5, the grandson
Explain thoroughly how today's evolutionary theory helps doctors and medical researchers understand and create treatments that have the best chance of treating patients who's condition has developed resistance to current medication. Use an example to support your answer.
If medical researchers didn't understand evolutionary theory they wouldn't understand why a medication that used to work stopped working. It is only through their understanding evolution that they can make sense of why a medication that used to be highly effective is no longer effective. With the knowledge of how evolution occurs medical researchers can tailor treatments to use evolution to their advantage such as with the HIV treatment we watched during DDI. Because there is variety in the HIV virus, some of the viruses live despite the patient being treated with medication. The one's that live pass their immunity to the medication to their offspring and pretty soon nearly the entire population is immune to the medication. Because evolution is a relationship between the population and the environment, doctors can change the "environment" where the virus lives (ie. inside the patient) by stopping the medication. In the new environment (ie. patient's body without medication), the virus evolves. Since it doesn't have drugs in this new environment, it doesn't evolve in the direction of drug resistance. So, after a time, the majority of the population is no longer drug resistant. At that point doctors can hit the virus hard with medication and hope to wipe out the majority of the population. This is one way that evolution is helping treat patients that have drug-resistant diseases.
Why is genetic diversity so important to the survival of a species?
If the environment changes and there are no variations among a population to make some suited for survival, there is a chance none of the organisms will survive.
Unit Test: A couple has asked you, as their geneticist, to determine the probability of them having child with hemophilia. Neither the wife nor husband have hemophilia. The wife tells you that her brother has hemophilia, an X-linked trait. Her father has hemophilia, but her mother does not. The husband has no history of hemophilia in the family. What is the probability of them having children with the condition?
If their baby is a girl, it will not have hemophilia; if it's a boy, the probability is 50% There is a 25% chance that their baby will have hemophilia
11.2-11.3: What body system immune cells can travel through the body in this system
Immune system
CYP 8.1-8.3: In noncyclic photosynthesis, ATP is formed:
In PS II, when excited electrons travel down an electron chain to PS I forming ATP
CYP 23.1-24.2: Explain why a female cannot have an X-linked recessive condition if her father does not have the condition
In order to be female, we must have two X chromosomes. We acquire one X from our mom and one X from our dad. Men have an X and a Y chromosome. In order for the offspring to be female and not male, the father's allele donation must be an X. Since he does not have the condition, the X he donates is one with the dominate trait on it.
CYP 7.4: Which explanation best describes why there is a variation in the amount of ATP generated per glucose?
In some cells, NADH cannot cross the mitochondria membrane and instead must travel via a transport mechanism. This mechanism "costs" the cell up to 2 ATP.
Chapter 7: Which explanation best describes why there is a variation in the amount of ATP generated per glucose?
In some cells, NADH cannot cross the mitochondria membrane and instead must travel via a transport mechanism. This mechanism "costs" the cell up to 2 ATP.
CYP 15.1-15.3: Expiratory reserve volume
Increased amount of exhaled air beyond tidal
CYP 7.1-7.2: The citric acid cycle location and function is:
Inside mitochondria; series of reactions the result in two ATP molecules per glucose
Chapter 7: The citric acid cycle location and function is:
Inside mitochondria; series of reactions the result in two ATP molecules per glucose
CYP 7.1-7.2: The function and location of the electron transport chain is:
Inside the mitochondria on cristae; high energy electrons are used to form up to 34 ATP
Chapter 7: The function and location of the electron transport chain is:
Inside the mitochondria on cristae; high energy electrons are used to form up to 34 ATP
CYP 7.1-7.2: The preparatory reaction location and function is:
Inside the mitochondria; oxidize pyruvate twice per glucose molecule
Chapter 7: The preparatory reaction location and function is:
Inside the mitochondria; oxidize pyruvate twice per glucose molecule
11.2-11.3: What body system helps regulate body temperature
Integumentary system
11.2-11.3: What body system synthesizes vitamin D in response to the sun
Integumentary system
what occurs in the first part of the cell cycle (part a)
Interphase stage- G1-growth
what occurs in the third part of the cell cycle (part c)
Interphase stage-G2-growth and division preparation
what occurs in the second part of the cell cycle (part b)
Interphase stage-S-growth and DNA replication
CYP 27.2 Radioactive dating:
Is an absolute dating method of assigning an actual date to a fossil based on radioactive isotopes
Chapter 12: Which explanation best supports why the left ventricle walls are thicker than the right ventricle walls?
It has to pump blood to the entire body
Which response best proposes why nocturnal creatures have tapetum lucidum?
It increases the amount of light absorbed by photoreceptors so it would be advantageous for organisms who hunt at night.
CYP 7.1-7.2: What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
It is a coenzyme that receives two electrons in a reduction reaction forming NADH + H+
Chapter 7: What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
It is a coenzyme that receives two electrons in a reduction reaction forming NADH + H+
CYP 5.4-11.1: Choose all the answers that apply to crossing over: It is an exchange of genes between nonsister chromatids It results in varied DNA for the cell It is one reason that siblings are not identical It occurs during Prophase I
It is an exchange of genes between nonsister chromatids It results in varied DNA for the cell It is one reason that siblings are not identical It occurs during Prophase I
4.1-4.3 CYP: Tight
Join plasma membrane channels between 2 cells 2. A zipper-like junction
4.1-4.3 CYP: Gap
Join plasma membrane channels between cells 2. Allows adjacent cells to communicate
5.4-5.6 11.1: Where is simple cubiodal located?
Kidneys and glands
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the tissue with its location in the body: Simple squamous
LUNGS and blood vessels
Match the tissue with its location in the body: Simple squamous
LUNGS and blood vessels
CYP 27.1: What is wrong with Lamarck's theory?
Lamarck's theory proposes that changes that occur during one's lifetime can be passed down. If you and you're wife are bodybuilders and conceive while training, Lamarck's theory proposes that your baby would have excessive muscle mass. We know today that traits that are acquired during our lifetime are not passed on to offspring. Only those that have a variation in their genes will pass that variation on to their offspring.
___________ possess a vertebral column, most are parasitic, have a round mouth used for sucking, water moves in and out through gills.
Lampreys
Chapter 1 CYP: Match the characteristic with it's classification: Genus (Homo)i
Large brain, tool use
Matter the condition of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with its explanation Genetic drift
Large population that is not impacted by chance events
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with its characteristic: Two suckers that attach to open wounds
Leeches
9.1-9.3: Match the tissue cell type with its function: Tracheids
Less efficient means of water/nutrient transport
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lipids? Lipids have more energy per gram than other biomolecules Lipids form membranes for cells Lipids are hydrophilic Steroids are a type of lipid
Lipids are hydrophilic
CYP 15.1-15.3: Respiratory center
Located in the brain; controls breathing rhythm
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the bacterial structure with its description/function: Cell Wall
Located outside membrane; contains polysacharrides
31.2-31.3: Choose all the characteristics that represent lophotrochozoans: Lophophore feeding apparatus Aquatic Radially symmetrical (at some point) Protostomes Deutrostomes Bilaterally symmetrical (at some point of their development)
Lophophore feeding apparatus Aquatic Protostomes Bilaterally symmetrical (at some point of their development)
*CYP 24.1-24.4: Match the mutation with its description: Deletion
Loss of a segment of chromosome
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with it's characteristics: Comb Jellies
Made of mesoglea; marine; propelled by cilia
34.1-34.2: The equivalent of _______________________ is added to the world's human population everyday.
Medium-sized city (~220,000)
34.1-34.2: A cohort is:
Members of an original of individuals born at the same time
11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid, and secretion function: Protective covering for the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
27.5-27.6 Match the term with its description: Cladistics
Method scientists can use to construct a visual representation of various species and their relatedness
Match the term with its description: Cladistics
Method scientists use to contrast a visual representation of various species
10.1-10.2: A flower is a reproductive structure that produces:
Microspores and Megaspores
CYP 8.1-8.3: The excess H+ on one side of the thylakoid membrane is referred to as an energy storage because:
Molecules have a tendency to even out; if an uneven amount exists, the movement from one side to another has the potential to generate energy
34.1-34.2: Match the survivor-ship curve type with its description: Type III
Most individuals die young
34.1-34.2: Match the survivor-ship curve type with its description: Type I
Most individuals survive past midpoint and die at the end of maximum life span
4.1-4.3 CYP: Which response best describes diffusion?
Movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration
4.1-4.3 CYP: Which response best describes facilitated diffusion?
Movement of molecules with their concentration gradient through membrane proteins
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Respiratory system
Moves OXYGEN THROUGHOUT the body IMMUNE CELLS can TRAVEL
Cardiovascular system
Moves OXYGEN THROUGHOUT the body IMMUNE CELLS can TRAVEL
Chapter 11: Cardiovascular system
Moves oxygen throughout the body; Immune cells can travel
11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid, and secretion function: Goblet cells secrete mucus
Mucous membrane
11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid, and secretion function: Protects the body from viral and bacterial invasion
Mucous membrane
Chapter 1 CYP: Match the characteristic with it's classification: Kingdom Anamalia
Multicellular, motile, ingests food
CYP 23.1-24.2: Describe muchenne muscular dystrophy
Muscle wasting disease; a protein is absent
11.2-11.3: What body system accounts for body movement
Musculoskeletal
11.2-11.3: What body system stores minerals and produces red blood cells
Musculoskeletal
34.3-34.3: Match the symbiotic relationship with its name: Orchid and the moth that pollinates it
Mutualism
CYP 7.4: Glycolysis also contributes _______________ to the electron transport chain which will ultimately lead to more ATP formation.
NADH
The cyclic electron pathway is unable to form what? [_]
NADPH
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: Adipose tissue
NUCLEI pushed to ONE SIDE between skin, and around heart
Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: Adipose tissue
NUCLEI pushed to ONE SIDE between skin, and around heart
describe telophase
NUCLEOLUS BEGINS FORMING, nuclear membrane reappears, chromosomes become chromatin
CYP 14: Match the digestive organ or accessory organ with its function: Pancreas
Neutralizes stomach acid; produce enzymes for organic molecule digestion
9.4-9.7: Insectivorous plants are lacking access to what nutrient?
Nitrogen
The cyclic electron pathway can occur due to many reasons, however, it's primary reason for occurring is due to:
No NADP+ to contribute electrons to
31.1: Match the symmetry with its description: Asymmetry
No particular symmetry
*CYP 23.1-24.2: Candace has type B blood. Her husband Dan has type AB blood. Is it possible for Candace and Dan to have a child that has O blood?
No, depending on Candace's genotype, the baby will have A, B, or AB, but not O.
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure with its description/function: Chromatin
Non-compacted version of DNA visible when the cell is not preparing for division
***31.4-31.5: Correctly identify all the nematode characteristics: Nonsegmented Colorless Size is microscopic to 1 meter Organs lie within a pseudocolumn Various lifestyles from parasitic to free living Protostome
Nonsegmented Colorless Size is microscopic to 1 meter Organs lie within a pseudocolumn Various lifestyles from parasitic to free living Protostome
32.1-32.3 To be classified as a chordate, which of the following characteristics must it have at some point in its life (choose all that apply)? Notocord Postanal tail Nerve cord Cilia Pharyngeal pouches Nematocysts Gils
Notocord Postanal tail Nerve cord Pharyngeal pouches
CYP 5.1-5.3: Telophase
Nucleolus begins forming, nuclear membrane reappears, chromosomes become chromatin
Chapter 5: Match the mitosis stage with its characteristics Telophase
Nucleolus begins forming, nuclear membrane reappears, chromosomes become chromatin
What is the difference between a nucleic acid and a nucleotide?
Nucleotides are subunits of nucleic acids
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure/organelle with its description/function: Vacuole(s)
One large one is present in plant cells and many small ones in animal cells
CYP 8.1-8.3: Match the chloroplast component with its function: Stoma (stomata)
Openings in plant leaves
Match the term with its description: Taxon (pl. taxa)
Organisms, or groups of organisms with shared characteristisc
Unit Test: If our DNA is set when we're born and assuming we've not experienced any mutations, how it is possible that environmental factors can influence some traits?
Outside factors can affect the expression of genes
CYP 7.1-7.2: The location and function of glycolysis is:
Outside the mitochondria; break down glucose into two ATP
Chapter 7: The location and function of glycolysis is:
Outside the mitochondria; break down glucose into two ATP
34.3-34.3: Match the symbiotic relationship with its name: Tick on a dog
Parasitism
Chapter 5: Which of the following is not a typical cause of mutations? Radiation Spontaneous mutations Heredity Pathogens Certain chemical exposure Physical activity
Physical Activity
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with its characteristic: Anchoring bristles to anchor or help move
Polychaetes
Carbohydrates are found in many different forms in the body. Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate? Polypeptide Glycogen Starch Hexose Cellulose Fructose
Polypeptide
Chapter 2: Carbohydrates are found in many different forms in the body. Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate? Polypeptide Glycogen Starch Hexose Cellulose Fructose
Polypeptide
9.4-9.7: Why would planting poplars between a corn field and ditch be a ecologically smart idea?
Poplars suck up nitrate run off from corn fields and prevent it ending up in the water.
34.1-34.2: Which response places the levels of ecological organization in order from smallest to largest?
Population-Community-Ecosystem-Biosphere
CYP 7.4: Which of the following metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria? (Choose all that apply). Calvin cycle Preparatory reaction Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Electron Transport chain
Preparatory reaction Citric acid cycle Electron Transport chain
What is convergent evolution?
Process in which different species, typically in different locations, evolve a similar characteristic independently of one another. This often occurs because they face similar environmental challenges and selective pressures.
Match the term with its description: Classification
Process of naming or assigning organisms to a taxon
Which of the following is NOT a way that protein contributes to ATP synthesis in cellular respiration? Amino acids' carbons can be converted to acetyl groups Protein's nucleic acids can be broken down into lactate and enter fermentation Carbon skeletons from amino acids can enter glycolysis Carbon skeletons from amino acids can enter the citric acid cycle
Protein's nucleic acids can be broken down into lactate and enter fermentation
Which of the following is NOT a way that protein contributes to ATP synthesis in cellular respiration? Amino acids' carbons can be converted to acetyl groups Protein's nucleic acids can be broken down into lactate and enter fermentation Carbon skeletons from amino acids can enter glycolysis Carbon skeletons from amino acids can enter the citric acid cycle
Protein's nucleic acids can be broken down into lactate and enter fermentation
Chapter 2: Match the organic molecule with its characteristic: Carbohydrates
Quickly accessible storage of energy; composed of saccharides
CYP 23.2 and 23.4: Environmental factors influence some traits such as polygenic traits. If our DNA is set when we're born, all alleles are already inherited, how is this possible?
The alleles are not changed, they are set when born, with the exception of mutations, but that's not the topic of the question. The alleles remain the same but the outside factors such as nutrition and temperature affect the EXPRESSION of the genes (meaning what genes get turned on or off and when).
Genetics Quiz: Environmental factors influence some traits such as polygenic traits. If our DNA is set when we're born, all alleles are already inherited, how is this possible?
The alleles remain the same but outside factors affect the expression of the genes.
*26.1-26.3 CYP: Which answer best describes in vivo gene therapy?
The altered gene is sprayed up the nose or delivered via liposomes
*Genetics Quiz: A calico cat is predominantly white with black and orange patches. The orange patches are the result of a mutant allele on the X-chromosome (normal allele encodes for black). With very few exceptions, all calico cats are females. In order for the color pattern to show up in males, which of the following would have to occur?
The cat would have to be XXY due to non-disjunction during meiosis and be heterozygous for the mutant allele on the two X-chromosomes.
A 2008 study showed male fish having developed ovaries as a result of exposure to medications that had been flushed down the drain. Considering what you've learned about organic molecules, which molecule must have been present in the medication? What classification does it fit into? What best explains the altered fish?
The molecule is a steroid. The classification is lipid. Steroids are responsible for the development of sex organs.
Chapter 5: Unit Quiz question 3 *see chart*
The picture represents independent assortment, where homologous pairs can separate independently of each other during anaphase 1 shuffling genes.
CYP 8.1-8.3: Use the following chart to explain why leaves are green.
The pigments in leaves are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. The chart shows what colors of the visible spectrum each pigment can absorb. Because green is only minimally absorbed, green light is what is reflected.
27.5-27.6 Match the term with its description: Classification
The process of naming and assigning organisms to a taxon
CYP 15.1-15.3: Why can carbon monoxide poisoning kill a person so quickley
The protein hemoglobin carries 4 molecules of oxygen per hemoglobin. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin due to a chemical attraction between the molecules. However, carbon monoxide has a STRONGER attraction to hemoglobin than does oxygen and thus it takes oxygen's place on the molecule. With no oxygen, cells cannot perform cellular respiration and body systems shut down rapidly.
27.5-27.6: Macroevolution involves:
The splitting of a species into two or more different species.
what is histology
The study of tissues
Chapter 1 CYP: Which response best describes taxonomy?
The two part naming system where the first word is capitalized and represents the genus the organism belongs to. The second word is lower case and represents the species it belongs to. The naming system is always written in italics.
Chapter 1: Which response best describes taxonomy?
The two part naming system where the first word is capitalized and represents the genus the organism belongs to. The second word is lower case and represents the species it belongs to. The naming system is always written in italics.
At the point where two lines diverge from a common ancestor, what can be said about the two different species DNA?
Their DNA is nearly identical. It gets more and more diverse the longer they're diverged.
CYP 24.1-24.4: Explain why the chances for survival are greater for trisomy or monosomy of the sex chromosomes than for autosomes.
There are two reasons: 1. In a female, only one of the X's functions for the most part anyways, the other forms what is referred to as a Barr body. Thus, any extra Xs would simply form a nonfunctioning Barr body. Therefore, a male or female could have an extra X with no major life-threatening consequences. 2. The Y chromosome in males carries very few traits, so an extra Y chromosome is tolerated and not life-threatening.
****31.1: What unique characteristic causes sponges to be categorized as parazoans? 1. Their radial symmetry causes them to be classified as parazoans 2. Their asymmetrical shape causes them to be classified differently XXXX 3. They form cells and tissues, but not organs 4. They are multicellular but they don't form tissues
They are multicellular but they don't form tissues
Chapter 1 CYP: Which of the following statements regarding hypotheses is false? 1)They are the same as theories 2)they can be used to make predictions 3)They are constructed based on observations 4)Their consequences can be tested by different investigators 5)They are not always correct
They are the same as theories
CYP 11.2-11.3: Which two cavities are separated by the diaphragm
Thoracic and abdominal
Which two cavities are separated by the diaphragm?
Thoracic and abdominal
CYP 8.1-8.3: Which part of a thylakoid will contain both photosystems, electron transport chain, and ATP synthase complex?
Thylakoid membrane
Chapter 8: Which part of a thylakoid will contain both photosystems, electron transport chain, and ATP synthase complex?
Thylakoid membrane
Chapter 11: Characteristics of dense fibrous connective tissue
Tightly packed collagen fibers, tendons and ligaments
Unit Test: If a woman has an X-linked recessive disorder all of her sons will also have the disorder. Why?
To be male you must have an X and Y chromosome. To obtain a Y chromosome, you must get it from your father. To obtain the X chromosome, it comes from your mother. If your mother has an X-linked recessive disorder, she must have two X genes both with the recessive trait. No matter what X you would get, it would be recessive, since you are a male, you don't have another X chromosome that might be dominant to overshadow it so you would have the condition.
In the Calvin cycle, it takes 12 ATP to generate one glucose molecule, yet there is a greater investment of ATP. What is the rest of the ATP used for?
To regenerate RuBP
9.4-9.7: In the cohesion-tension model of water transport in the xylem, what causes water to passively move up the column?
Transpiration
CYP 14: Match the digestive organ or accessory organ with its function: Esophagus
Transports food
According to our textbook, neandertals, not neanderthals, is the correct spelling of early archaic humans.
True
CYP 2.1-2.3: Acids have more H+ hydrogen ions than -OH hydronium ions. T or F?
True
CYP 2.1-2.3: The shape of molecules are necessary for the functional roles they play inside of organisms. T or F?
True
CYP 3.1-3.3: Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles. The inner membrane folds upon itself creating more surface area. T or F?
True
Chapter 2: True or False, Acids have more H+ hydrogen ions than -OH hydronium ions.
True
T or F? Water is considered a polar molecule because it has an area of the molecule that is slightly positive and other areas that are slightly negative, due to an uneven sharing of electrons.
True
31.2-31.3: Match the organism with it's characteristics: Hydra
Tubular polyp; nerve net; reproduce sexually and asexually
5.1-5.3: One similarity between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that if they become mutated, it can lead to:
Unregulated cell division
Chapter 3: Match the cell structure with the correct function: Smooth ER
Various; lipid synthesis in some cells
9.4-9.7: Match Eudicot root structure with its characteristic: Xylem is star shaped; phloem lies between star points
Vascular cylinder
Chapter 4: How does water flow if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
Water flows into the cell
CYP 2.1-2.3: Explain why your soda can bursts in the freezer when the soda freezes.
Water forms a rigid lattice that has extra open space between the molecules
CYP 2.1-2.3: How does water having a high heat capacity help organisms maintain homeostasis?
Water temp rises/falls slowly which helps prevent rapid internal temp changes
9.1-9.3: Match the tissue cell type with its function: Vessel elements
Water/nutrient transport
31.1: Match the symmetry with its description: Radial Symmetry
Wheel-like symmetry
CYP 8.1-8.3: In noncyclic photosynthesis, NADPH is formed:
When an excited electron from PS I is passed to NADP+
*CYP 23.1-24.2: Which response best describes the law of independent assortment?
When two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.
Cell Structure Quiz: Explain why exocytosis can be a form of cell growth.
When vesicles merge with the plasma membrane to expel substances, it increases the surface area of the membrane making the cell larger.
Chapter 4: Explain why exocytosis can be a form of cell growth.
When vesicles merge with the plasma membrane to expel substances, it increases the surface area of the membrane making the cell larger.
CYP 23.1-24.2: Describe hemophilia
a blood clotting disease
CYP 27.1: Evolution can be defined as:
a change in a species/population over time due natural phenomenon
Evolution can be defined as:
a change in a species/population over time due natural phenomenon
Which response best describes evolution from a microevolutionary standpoint?
a change in the percentages of alleles in a certain population over time
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure with its description/function: Nuclear envelope
a double membrane that wraps around the nucleus
CYP 15.1-15.3: Vital capacity
a forceful exhale beyond normal breathing
How does a fertilized egg develop into an organism
a haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid egg, the egg completes its second meiotic division. A zygote is created and goes through mitosis to develop
Match the term with its description: Cladogram
a visual representation of various species and their relatedness
CYP 15.1-15.3: Chapter 15: Match the structure with the correct letter that identifies it *see chart*
a. Sinus b. Hard palate c. Epidlottis d. Larynx e. Uvula f. Glottis
Chapter 4: Match the letter with the correct response *see chart*
a. carbohydrate b. glycoprotein d. hydrophillic region e. hydrophobic region f. phospohlipid bilayer i. cholesterol j. integral protein
Unit quiz: Match the X-linked condition with its description: Hemophilia
absence of a clotting factor
9.4-9.7: Match the root specialization with its description: Aerial roots
absorb moisture from the atmosphere
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the bacterial structure with its description/function: Plasmid
accessory ring of DNA that can be passed to other cells
Chapter 5: When substances cause cancer, they are:
actually causing mutations in the genes that regulate cell division and apoptosis
Genetics Quiz: Traits that vary along a continuum, for example very dark skin to very light skin, are most likely the result of ______.
an interaction between many different genes, resulting in an additive effect on the expression of the trait
what is the largest artery
aorta
Chapter 1 CYP: Which of the following is not an example of the body maintaining homeostasis? 1)insulin production in the pancreas 2)appearance of an evolutionary adaptation 3)red blood cells delivering oxygen 4)lungs absorbing oxygen
appearance of an evolutionary adaptation
Chapter 1: Which of the following is NOT an example of the body maintaining homeostasis? 1. insulin production in the pancreas 2. appearance of an evolutionary adaptation 3. red blood cells delivering oxygen 4. lungs absorbing oxygen
appearance of an evolutionary adaptation
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: 6 appendages
arachnid
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Scorpions, ticks, mites
arachnid
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Some are parasites and can transmit disease
arachnid
31.4-31.5: Match the roundworm type with its characteristics: Most common in pigs and humans
ascaris
31.4-31.5: Match the roundworm type with its characteristics: Very reproductively successful
ascaris
Chapter 4: Match the protein with its role in the cell Enzymatic
assists in metabolism (chemical reactions)
CYP 2.1-2.3: Why is water is considered a polar molecule:?
because it has an area of the molecule that is slightly positive and other areas that are slightly negative, due to an uneven sharing of electrons.
Chapter 2: Water is considered a polar molecule:
because it has an area of the molecule that is slightly positive and other areas that are slightly negative, due to an uneven sharing of electrons.
Complete the analogy: Proto-oncogenes are to a gas pedal as tumor suppressor genes are to: ___________________
break pedal
Chapter 6/14: What type of reaction occurs when your body digests food?
catabolic
Chapter 1 CYP: Of the following biological levels of organization, which represents the smallest or lowest level of a living organism? molecule atom cells tissues organs
cells
describe metaphase
chromosomes ALLIGN AT CENTER of fully formed spindle fibers each chromatid is attatched to opposite spindle fibers
CYP 5.1-5.3: Metaphase
chromosomes align at the center of fully formed spindle fibers; each chromatid is attached to opposite spindle fibers
Chapter 5: Match the mitosis stage with its characteristics Metaphase
chromosomes align at the center of fully formed spindle fibers; each chromatid is attached to opposite spindle fibers
9.4-9.7: Match the plant with the way it can be used to clean up toxic messes: Sunflowers (with additives)
cleans up lead
10.1-10.2: Which of the following is said to be a major factor in the success of angiosperms?
coevolution
9.4-9.7: _______, the tendency of water molecules to stick together, and ___________, water's polarity allows it to be attracted to other polar molecules, aids water movement in the xylem.
cohesion/adhesion
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure/organelle with its description/function: Golgi apparatus
collects, sorts, packages, and distributes substances
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure with its description/function: Chromosome
compacted version of DNA present when cell is ready to go through division
5.4-5.6 11.1: What are the characteristics of compact bones
concentric rings; support and protection
what kind of tissue is blood
connective
what type of tissue is avascular? what does it mean
connective tissue, lacks blood vessels
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both:
contain an electron transport chain
Nucleic acid
controls life of cells and organisms
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure/organelle with its description/function: Mitochondria
converts energy into a usable form for the cell; is present in both plant and animal cells
The bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms WITHIN a water molecule is a ____ bond, while the bond BETWEEN water molecules is a ____ bond.
covalent // hydrogen
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Presence of a hard shell helped create the name
crustacean
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Barnacles, Shrimp, Lobsters, Crabs
crustacean
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Has bluish colored blood due to hemocyanin in blood
crustacean
What cells are haploid
egg sperm secondary spermatocytes spermatids secondary oocyte
CYP 5.4-11.1: What cells are haploid primary spermatocytes egg sperm secondary spermatocytes oocytes spermatids secondary oocyte
egg sperm secondary spermatocytes spermatids secondary oocyte
Chapter 5: Choose all of the cells below that are haploid primary spermatocytes egg sperm secondary spermatocytes oocytes spermatids secondary oocyte
egg sperm secondary spermatocytes spermatids secondary oocyte
31.4-31.5: Match the roundworm type with its characteristics: Mosquito is an intermediate host
elephantiasis
Chapter 1: Which of the following is not an example of the body maintaining homeostasis? 1. insulin production in the pancreas 2. red blood cells delivering oxygen 3. emergence of an evolutionary adaptation 4. lungs absorbing oxygen
emergence of an evolutionary adaptation
Chapter 4: What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis
exocytosis- a way substances exit a cell endocytosis- a way substances enter a cell
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: loose fibrous connective tissue
fibroblasts are separated by MATRIX supports and binds organs
Match the connective tissue with its characteristics: loose fibrous connective tissue
fibroblasts are separated by MATRIX supports and binds organs
Chapter 11: Characteristics of loose fibrous connective tissue
fibroblasts are separated by matrix supports and binds organs
5.4-5.6 11.1: What are the characteristics of loose fibrous connective tissue
fibroblasts are separated by matrix; supports and binds organs
CYP 8.1-8.3: Match the chloroplast component with its function: stroma
fluid filled interior of chloroplasts
CYP 8.1-8.3: stroma
fluid filled interior of chloroplasts
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure/organelle with its description/function: Lysosomes
full of digestive enzymes; garbage disposal of the cell
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Urinary system
helps regulate the FLUID BALANCE
Urinary
helps regulate the FLUID BALANCE
how to proteins and fats contribute to cellular respriation
if there are more amino acids than the body needs, or if cells are starving, some amino acids will broken down for energy via cellular respiration. In order to enter cellular respiration, amino acids must first have their amino group removed. This step makes ammonia as a waste product, and in humans and other mammals, the ammonia is converted to urea and removed from the body in urine. Fats, known more formally as triglycerides, can be broken down into two components that enter the cellular respiration pathways at different stages. A triglyceride is made up of a three-carbon molecule called glycerol, and of three fatty acid tails attached to the glycerol. Glycerol can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis, and continue through the remainder of the cellular respiration breakdown pathway.
Which of the following is NOT an example of homeostasis? blood pH remaining 7.4 despite eating a very acid yogurt urination increasing when excessive water is consumed sweating but body temperature remaining 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit inadequate insulin to maintain blood sugar
inadequate insulin to maintain blood sugar
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: 3 pairs of legs; 0 to 3 pairs of wings
insect
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Body divided into 3 parts
insect
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Light exoskeleton
insect
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Typically have antennae and compound eyes
insect
31.4-31.5: Match the arthropod with it's characteristics: Extremely diverse group (over a million identified)
insects
CYP 7.1-7.2: The aerobic portion of cellular respiration takes place:
inside the mitochondria
Chapter 7: The aerobic portion of cellular respiration takes place:
inside the mitochondria
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the bacterial structure with its description/function: Thylakoids
intermembraneous structure important to photosynthesis
Chapter 7: The main function of cellular respiration is the production of ATP, which _____.
is used to drive chemical reactions in our bodies; the energy for our metabolism
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the tissue with its location in the body: simple cuboidal
lining of KIDNEY TUBULES, various glands
Match the tissue with its location in the body: simple cuboidal
lining of KIDNEY TUBULES, various glands
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the tissue with its location in the body: simple columnar
lining of SMALL INTESTINE, oviducts
Match the tissue with its location in the body: simple columnar
lining of SMALL INTESTINE, oviducts
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the tissue with its location in the body: Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar
lining of TRACHEA
Match the tissue with its location in the body: Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar
lining of TRACHEA
Chapter 11: location of Simple cuboidal
lining of kidney tubules, various glands
Chapter 11: location of Simple columnar
lining of small intestine, oviducts
Chapter 11: location of Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar
lining of trachea
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure/organelle with its description/function: Ribosomes
make proteins
10.1-10.2: Microspores develop into the _____________ gametophyte and are produced in the ___________ of the flower.
male//anther
9.4-9.7: Match the root specialization with its description: Fibrous root system
many slender roots; no main root
what occurs in the fourth and final part of the cell cycle (part d)
mitosis(yes miTosis) and cytokinesis
10.1-10.2: In ______________ endosperm passes food molecules to the embryo. In _______________ the cotyledons store all the food molecules for the embryo.
monocots//eudicots
what is the difference between positive and negative feedback
negative feedback: a sensor detects a change in internal conditions resulting in a response that brings the conditions back to normal. positive feedback: even greater change in the same direction until the stimulus stops
CYP 14: Match the optimum pH with the digestive organ or accessory organ. NOTE: Some answers may be used twice, some may not be used at all: Mouth
neutral
Chapter 5: Crossing-over, a phenomenon that occurs during the formation of gametes, occurs when _____.
non-sister chromatids on homologous chromosomes exchange alleles
!!!Unit Test: Because of the Human Genome Project, we now know: 1. all of the DNA sequences of every species 2. the sequence of the base pairs of our DNA 3. the sequence of all genes along the human chromosome 4. all mutations that lead to genetic disorders
not 3
Chapter 11: Characteristics of adipose tissue
nuclei pushed to one side between skin and around heart
5.4-5.6 11.1: What are the characteristics of adipose tissue
nuclei pushed to one side; beneath skin, around heard
Chapter 2: The monomers of DNA are _____, while the monomers of proteins are _____.
nucleotides // amino acids
CYP 5.4-11.1: Match the muscle tissue with its characteristic. Yes, some muscle tissue will be used more than once: smooth muscle
one nucleus; NO STRIATIONS involuntary movement; DIGESTIVE TRACT
smooth muscle
one nucleus; NO STRIATIONS involuntary movement; DIGESTIVE TRACT
CYP 8.1-8.3: stoma (stomata)
openings in the plant leaves
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure with its description/function: Nucleus
organelle inside a eukaryotic cell that encloses DNA
CYP 7.1-7.2: The anaerobic phase of cellular respiration takes place:
outside the mitochondria
Chapter 7: The anaerobic phase of cellular respiration takes place:
outside the mitochondria
CYP 15.1-15.3: Chapter 15: Blood in the systemic capillaries is a bright red color due to:
oxyhemoglobin
27.5-27.6: Allopatric speciation is caused when __________________, whereas, sympatric speciation is caused when ____________________.
populations are geographically separated//populations divide into two reproductively isolated groups without geographical separation
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the bacterial structure with its description/function: Flagella
propels the cell like a boat motor
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the membrane, fluid and secretion function: Meninges
protective COVERING for the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD
meninges
protective COVERING for the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD
Unit 1 Test: Match the organic molecule with its characteristic: Carbohydrates
quickly accessible storage of energy; composed of saccharides
CYP 14:Match the digestive organ or accessory organ with its function: Large intestine
reabsorbs water; stores feces
Unit quiz: Match the X-linked condition with its description: Fragile X syndrome
repeating DNA sequence segments; mental impairments
Nervous
response to STIMULI
Chapter 11: Nervous system
response to stimuli
what is systole pressure
results from blood being forced into the arteries during ventricular systole
9.1-9.3: Match the term with its description: Meristematic tissue
retains cells for continuous division
what is unique about the pulmonary veins and arteries versus the rest of the bodys
reverse: arteries carry O2 poor veins carry O2 rich
Chapter 4: Match the protein with its role in the cell Receptor
shape-specific so only certain molecules can bind to the cell
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the bacterial structure with its description/function: Capsule
sheath on the exterior of the cell; aids in helping the cell caouse disease
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the bacterial structure with its description/function: Fimbriae
short hair-like structures; allows cells to stick to surfaces
describe anaphase
sister chromatids are PULLED APART and move towards OPPOSITE POLES
Chapter 11: location of Stratified squamous
skin (epidermis)
5.4-5.6 11.1: Where is stratified squamous located?
skin, nose, mouth, esophagus, anal cavity, vagina
5.4-5.6 11.1: Where is simple columnar located?
small intestine, oviducts
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure with its description/function: Nuclear pores
small openings in the nucleus that allow proteins and ribosomal subunits
Cell Structure Quiz: Ribosomes
small organelle, present in both prokaryotic and eukaryote
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Lymphatic System
stores white blood cells (WBC); immunity
CYP 27.2 Match the anatomical evidence description with its term: Analogous Structures
structures that are similar in function but structurally not the same; they do not show a close common ancestor
CYP 27.2 Match the anatomical evidence description with its term: Vestigial Structures
structures that provide clues to fast ancestors such as hip bones in whales
CYP 27.2 Match the anatomical evidence description with its term: Homologous Structures
structures that suggest a common ancestor because they are structurally similar
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Integumentary system
synthesizes VITAMIN D Helps regulate TEMPERATURE
Integumentary system
synthesizes VITAMIN D Helps regulate TEMPERATURE
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure/organelle with its description/function: Chloroplasts
takes in carbon dioxide and gives off oxygen and part of its chemical process
CYP 15.1-15.3: If venous blood is dark, why does it appear bright red when oozing from a wound?
the molecule giving blood its color is altered by being exposed to oxygen in the air
*CYP 23.1-24.2: Homologous chromosomes carry ______.
the same genes, though potentially different alleles
CYP 27.2 Transitional fossils are important to the study of evolution because:
they represent a missing linking in fossil evidence
Transitional fossils are important to the study of evolution because:
they represent a missing linking in fossil evidence
Chapter 1 CYP: You are conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis that dairy cows will give more milk if they listen to classical music while being milked. Your 20 experimental cows listen to classical music during milking; you collect all their milk and measure how much there is. Your 20 control cows should have all experimental conditions identical to the experimental cows except
they should not listen to any music
***31.1: Match the invertebrate class with its embryonic development: Deuterostomes
three tissue layers
5.4-5.6 11.1: What are the characteristics of dense fibrous connective tissue
tightly packed collagen fibers; ligaments and tendons
Chapter 12: Contraction of the atria forces blood ______, while contraction of the ventricles result in blood moving _______.
to move into the ventricles // out to the lungs and systemic systems
Chapter 11: Characteristics of hyaline
translucent appearance, ends of bones
5.4-5.6 11.1: What are the characteristics of Hyaline cartilage
translucent appearance; end of bones
31.4-31.5: Match the roundworm type with its characteristics: Contracted when eating undercooked pork
trichinosis
31.4-31.5: Match the roundworm type with its characteristics: Rarely affects humans in the US
trichinosis
31.4-31.5: Match the roundworm type with its characteristics: Infection starts in the digestive tract and travels to the skeletal muscles
trichinosis
what is the result of the cell cycle
two genetically identical daughter cells
31.1: Match the invertebrate class with its embryonic development: Cnidarians
two tissue layers
CYP 5.1-5.3: One similarity between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that if they become mutated, it can lead to:
unregulated cell division
One similarity between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that if they become mutated, it can lead to:
unregulated cell division
CYP 11.2-11.3: Match the system with the organ and/or characteristic: Endocrine
uses HORMONES CHEMICAL MESSAGERS=wide array
Endocrine
uses HORMONES CHEMICAL MESSAGERS=wide array
Chapter 8: Epithelial tissue is _____________________, which means:
vascular//there are many capillaries nourishing the tissue
what is the largest vein
venae cavae
Amphibian have the following characteristics (choose all that apply): voice-producing larynx four limbs eyelids ears (tympanum)
voice-producing larynx four limbs eyelids ears (tympanum)
9.1-9.3: Match the term with its description: Leaf axil
where an axillary bud originates
CYP 3.1-3.3: Match the structure with its description/function: Nucleolus
where rRna joins with proteins to make the building blocks of ribosomes
*CYP 23.1-24.2: Whether an allele is dominant or recessive depends on _____.
whether it is expressed when present with another allele
9.1-9.3: Match the term with its description: Blade
wide part of the leaf
***31.1: Choose all of the answers below that are characteristics of the ecdysozoa: °Bilateral symmetry °Embryonic development is 3 tissue layers °Deuterostome development °Molting of the outer cuticle °Segmentation °Composed of tissues °Multicellular
°Bilateral symmetry °Embryonic development is 3 tissue layers °Molting of the outer cuticle °Segmentation °Composed of tissues °Multicellular