ACSM Chapter 2

Angina

Chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood. Common symptom of CHD

Syncope

Defined as a loss of consciousness. Commonly caused by reduced perfusion (passage of blood or fluid through blood vessels or other natural channels in an organ or tissue) of the brain.

Current Exercisers Guidelines

Structured PA of at least moderate intensity for at least 30 minutes on three or more days per week during the past three months.

Ankle edema

Swelling: Bilateral ankle edema is a sign of heart failure or bilateral chronic venous insufficiency. Unilateral edema of climb results from venous thrombosis or lymphatic blockage in the limb. Generalized edema occurs in individuals with nephrotic syndrome, severe heart failure, or hepatic cirrhosis

Orthopnea

dyspnea occurring at rest while laying down and is relieved by sitting upright or standing. Can occur while sleeping. Symptoms of left ventricular dysfunction.

Intermittent Claudication

pain that occurs in the lower extremities with an inadequate blood supply brought on by exercise.

Palpitations

unpleasant awareness of the forceful or rapid beating of the heart

Pre-participation Health Algorithm

1) Classifies individuals who do or do not currently participate in regular exercise. 2) Identifying individuals with known CV, metabolic, or renal diseases or those with signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiac peripheral vascular or cerebrovascular disease, Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, and renal disease 3) Identify signs and symptoms suggestive of those who have undiagnosed disease. 4) Desired exercise intensity.

Preparticipation Health Screening

1) Identifying individuals who need medical clearance before initiating or progressing exerciser programs. ACSM screening algorithm and qualified exercise or health care provider is used. 2) If indicated during screening medical clearance should be sought from a health care provider.

PAR-Q

1) Used as a self-guided exercise preparticipation health screening tool or a supplemental tool for professionals that may want additional screening resources beyond the new algorithm. 7-step questionnaire screening for evidence of risk factors during moderate physical activity.

Major Signs or Symptoms Suggestive of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Disease, or Renal Disease

1. Pain, discomfort (or other anginal equivalent) in chest, neck, jaw, or arms 2. Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion 3. Dizziness or syncope 4. Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 5. Ankle edema 6. Palpitations or tachycardia 7. Intermittent Claudication 8. Known heart murmur 9. Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with normal activities.

Dyspena

Abnormally uncomfortable awareness of breathing at levels of exertion that are not expected to evoke this symptom. Suggests the presence of cardiopulmonary disease.