Addiction Exam 2

Treatment saves how much money per dollar spent?

$4-20

4 types of gamblers

1.) recreational / social 2.) professional 3.) antisocial 4.) pathological (action seeking and escape seeking)

4 phases of gambling

1.) winning 2.) losing (includes chasing losses) 3.) desperation 4.) giving up

% of college women with eating disorder

20%

% of substance abusers who have co-occuring mental health disorder

50-70%

% of internet users with compulsive use problem

6%

% of inhalent abusers who meet criteria for mood, anxiety or personality disorders

70%

Agonist therapy for opiate addicts must be done, by law, in registered clinics like methadone maintenance programs. True False

False

All psychiatric medications are addicting. True False

False

Because of drug testing, drinking in the military occurs at a lesser rate than in the general population. True False

False

Withdrawal from sedative-hypnotics is relatively easy and safe since these are prescription drugs. True False

False

A fetus is exposed to all of the psychoactive drugs the pregnant mother uses. True False

True

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disturbances seen in medical offices. True False

True

Coerced treatment is just as effective if not more effective in promoting positive outcomes as voluntary treatment. True False

True

Compulsive gambling can be as problematic as any drug-based addiction. True False

True

Denial is a refusal to acknowledge the negative impact that the drug use is having on one's life. True False

True

Depression is a major reason some people become compulsive shoppers. True False

True

Which is a method of using inhalants? A. "balloon and cracker" B. "crunching" C. "aerosoling" D. "lunging"

a. "balloon and cracker"

Overriding illness

addiction. lack of control over behavior

Peyote and MDMA are chemically related to..

adrenaline

Affective Disorder

any mood or emotional disorder (depression, bipolar)

Which is a harm reduction technique? A. treatment B. drug decriminalization C. naltrexone D. "cold turkey"

b. drug decriminalization

The anticholinergic alkaloids found in belladonna and datura are all of the following EXCEPT A. atropine. B. histamine. C. hyoscyamine. D. scopolamine.

b. histamine

What percent of individuals who have any mental disorder also have a co- occurring substance use disorder? A. 10% B. 25% C. 33% D. 50%

c. 33%

Which is a reason people use inhalants? A. They are cheaper. B. The high comes and goes quickly. C. They temporarily elevate mood and reduce inhibitions. D. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Impulse Control disorder

failure to resist an impulse that was once pleasurable but has become harmful to the individual. Includes many behavioral addictions. Different from OCD

Inhalant abuse is a very modern form of drug abuse since it started only with the invention of aerosol cans. True False

false

% of obese americans

one third -- twice as many as 1980 66% are overweight

% of adults with mental disorder that have co-occuring substance use

one third.

demand reduction

reduces craving and demand for the drugs through primary (**), secondary (**) and tertiary prevention strategies

3 main types of prevention strategies

supply reduction, demand reduction, harm reduction

Nitrous oxide use can cause hallucinations. True False

true

Standard drug testing checks for LSD. True False

False

False positives, not false negatives, constitute the bulk of urine-testing errors. True False

False

Nicotine addiction is found in about half of American over the age of 12. True False

False

PCP or "angel dust" is one of the safer hallucinogenic substances since it is an anesthetic used by physicians and veterinarians. True False

False

Prohibition (the Volstead Act) was totally ineffective from all points of view. True False

False

Schizophrenia is an affective disorder. True False

False

The danger of generalizing the concept of addiction obscures the distinctive characteristics of a specific addiction that need to be addressed in treatment. True False

False

The primary treatment of severe mental illness is group therapy, not psychopharmacology. True False

False

The use of drugs in sports by athletes is a relatively new phenomenon. True False

False

There is much evidence that drug information alone causes change in behaviors. True False

False

There is no evidence to suggest that there may be a genetic (hereditary) predisposition to pathological gambling. True False

False

Unless the addict or alcoholic comes to treatment voluntarily, then little can be done and treatment most likely simply will not work. True False

False

With the dually diagnosed patient, it is best to treat the SA first, then after a short period of sobriety begin mental health treatment. True False

False

Withdrawal from LSD is very dangerous due to its characteristic physical withdrawal symptoms. True False

False

% of elderly who take at least 1 drug per day

83%

Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder? A. agoraphobia B. borderline personality disorder C. PTSD D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

b. borderline personality disorder

Drug craving in early stages of recovery is a purely psychological issue caused mainly by external cues in the environment. True False

False

Harm reduction programs require abstinence from all psychoactive substances. True False

False

In 2002 about twice as many high school students had used MDMA (ecstasy) than LSD. True False

False

In assessing a client, a good clinician will make a specific psychiatric diagnosis right away so that psychiatric treatment can begin immediately. True False

False

Individual therapy is better for addicts and alcoholics than group therapy, but it is just too expensive and therefore is not used as much. True False

False

Depression Drugs

Raise serotonin levels SSRI's (Prozac, Zoloft) Tricyclic (older)

FAS is the third most common birth defect and the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States. True False

True

Frequent and persistent use of LSD is probably due to psychological dependence rather than physical dependence (addiction). True False

True

Hashish is a potent form of marijuana made from the sticky resins of the Cannabisplant. True False

True

If a nervous system is impacted by enough psychoactive drugs, any individual may develop mental/emotional problems but it is the predisposed brain that is more likely to have prolonged or permanent difficulties. True False

True

In cases of sexual assault, the male user already has tendencies towards improper or aggressive behavior and the alcohol or other drug is the final trigger. True False

True

MDMA use can cause body temperature to rise to a point that the extreme heat can coagulate the blood. True False

True

More than 75% of IV drug users test positive for hepatitis B. True False

True

One serious effect of MDMA use is the depletion of serotonin. True False

True

One third of the nations $15.5 billion drug control budget is aimed at demand reduction. True False

True

People use drugs not only to enhance their sexuality but also to shield themselves from their sexuality and even from any emotional involvement. True False

True

Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible behavioral patterns that lead to substantial distress or functional impairment. True False

True

Psychotic symptoms induced by chronic stimulant abuse can last up to 5 years after cessation of use. True False

True

The best treatment for someone on a bad trip from all arounders is to talk him or her down in a calm manner. True False

True

The chemical structure of psilocybin is similar to LSD. True False

True

The liability for physical dependence and addiction to inhalants is less than for other depressants. True False

True

The main difference between impulse control disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders is whether the behavior is used primarily to reduce anxiety without deriving pleasure from the activity or whether the behavior initially starts out as pleasurable. True False

True

The major danger in "'shroom" harvesting is mistaking poisonous mushrooms for those containing psilocybin. True False

True

The most common drugs used by pregnant women are over-the-counter drugs and prescribed medications. True False

True

The neurotransmitters affected by psychoactive drugs are the same ones involved in mental illness. True False

True

The proliferation of fast-food restaurants is an example of an environmental factor that could influence compulsive eating. True False

True

Treatment for different ethnic groups is more effective with culture specific treatment protocols. True False

True

Treatment specifically targeted to different ethnic groups promotes continued abstinence better than general treatment programs True False

True

The group least likely to have an alcohol problem is A. African Americans. B. Hispanics. C. Caucasians of European descent. D. Caucasians of Baltic descent.

a. African Americans.

Which is NOT a screen or diagnostic tool for alcohol or other drug addiction? A. DATOS B. MAST C. CAGE D. DSM-IV-TR

a. DATOS

Which of the following is considered a "date rape" drug? A. Rohypnol® B. alcohol C. Viagra® D. heroin

a. Rohypnol®

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding multiple diagnoses? A. Triple diagnosis refers to a substance use disorder, any medical problem and a psychiatric diagnosis. B. Multiple diagnoses include medical as well as psychiatric diagnoses. C. Polydrug abuse is a multiple diagnosis. D. There is an epidemic growth of hepatitis C and other severe liver diseases in chemically dependent patients.

a. Triple diagnosis refers to a substance use disorder, any medical problem and a psychiatric diagnosis.

Primary prevention

aimed at those who are drug naive or who have merely experimented with drugs. Aims to keep them from using or occasional social use. Most important but receives the least funding

The term "sinsemilla" refers to A. a growing technique for increasing the THC content in marijuana. B. the processing of the marijuana leaves to make hemp. C. the Cannabis plants that produce no THC, only hemp fibers. D. none of the above.

a. a growing technique for increasing the THC content in marijuana

Of the homeless, how many have a mental illness? A. about 25% B. about 50% C. about 75% D. about 100%

a. about 25%

Which is a warning sign of organic solvent abuse? A. chemical odor on the body B. blurred vision C. acidosis D. intense hunger

a. chemical odor on the body

Which of the following would NOT be an impulse control disorder? A. compulsive walking B. compulsive gambling C. compulsive eating D. compulsive shopping

a. compulsive walking

Which of the following is a supply reduction technique? A. limiting the supply of precursor chemicals by law B. treatment on demand C. teaching coping skills D. needle exchange program

a. limiting the supply of precursor chemicals by law

The main drug used for the treatment of bipolar disorder over the last 30 years has been A. lithium. B. Prozac®. C. Valium® D. MAO inhibitors.

a. lithium

Which of the following therapy techniques is most likely to be currently used in addictions treatment? A. motivational interviewing with stages of change B. art therapy C. psychoanalysis D. rational emotive therapy

a. motivational interviewing with stages of change

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of MDMA use?" A. shrinking of the stomach B. down regulation of serotonin receptors C. seizure activity D. bruxism (clenching of the teeth)

a. shrinking of the stomach

The crossover or mixing of the senses (e.g., one hears the color blue) is called A. synesthesia. B. paradox. C. metaphor. D. spin.

a. synesthesia

Which of the following is a prevention program that has been tried? A. temperance program B. medical intervention C. genetic correction program D. genetic testing program

a. temperance program

The most abused solvent inhalant is A. toluene. B. amyl nitrite. C. chlorine.. D. kerosene.

a. toluene

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emotional developmental arrest? A. using language and intellect to express emotional states B. low frustration tolerance C. lying to avoid punishment D. "black and white" thinking

a. using language and intellect to express emotional states

Secondary prevention

aimed at casual or even habitual users in order to prevent escalation

tertiary prevention

aimed at heavy users, abusers, addicts to direct them to recovery

PCP and Ketamine

are anestethics that deaden physical sensations

The phrase "turn on, tune in, and drop out" was coined by the LSD guru A. Ken Kesey. B. Dr. Timothy Leary. C. Aldous Huxley. D. none of the above.

b. Dr. Timothy Leary

Which of the following is a method of drug testing? A. GB/LB B. EMIT C. THC D. CTL

b. EMIT

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about marijuana? A. It is difficult to overdose with marijuana since there are few receptors for THC in the brainstem. B. High-concentration THC marijuana is new, not available in the 1960s. C. The receptor sites for THC and the neurotransmitter most like it were discovered in the early 1990s. D. THC is Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the most potent psychoactive substance of Cannabis

b. High-concentration THC marijuana is new, not available in the 1960s.

Which following statement is NOT true regarding dual diagnosis? A. Dual diagnosis is the co-occurrence of an interrelated mental disorder and a substance use disorder. B. If a person does not have a preexisting mental disorder yet presents to treatment with the symptoms of schizophrenia, it is likely that even with abstinence, the schizophrenic symptoms will remain and persist indefinitely. C. It is common for people who are abusing substances to present with symptoms of a personality disorder. D. It is important to distinguish between having symptoms of mental illness and actually having a major psychiatric disorder.

b. If a person does not have a preexisting mental disorder yet presents to treatment with the symptoms of schizophrenia, it is likely that even with abstinence, the schizophrenic symptoms will remain and persist indefinitely.

Which is NOT true of nitrous oxide (laughing gas)? A. When inhaled, it has a rapid onset and rapid dissolution of effects. B. It is classified as a controlled substance. C. To possess nitrous oxide with the intent to use for other than medical, dental or commercial purposes is a misdemeanor in most states. D. Long-term exposure can cause nerve cell damage due to lack of oxygen.

b. It is classified as a controlled substance.

Which is NOT a true statement about steroids? A. Many young people use AASs strictly to enhance personal appearance. B. Long-term steroid use by men causes excessive masculinizing effects. C. Heavy use of steroids can cause psychotic episodes. D. There are distinct withdrawal symptoms from heavy steroid use.

b. Long-term steroid use by men causes excessive masculinizing effects.

Which of the following statement about peyote is NOT true. A. The active ingredient in peyote is mescaline. B. Mescaline is chemically related to THC. C. Peyote is used by the Native American Church of North America. D. Mescaline takes several hours to reach its peak, longer than LSD.

b. Mescaline is chemically related to THC.

Which statement is NOT true about schizophrenia? A. Schizophrenia usually strikes individuals in their late teens to early adulthood. B. Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic illness that affects approximately 10% of the population. C. Schizophrenia is believed to be mostly inherited. D. Schizophrenia is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, an inappropriate affect, ambivalence, poor association, an impaired ability to care for oneself.

b. Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic illness that affects approximately 10% of the population.

Which statement is most true regarding anorexics? A. They know how thin they are but want to get thinner. B. They don't know how thin they are and want to get thinner. C. Peer approval of their thin look will slow their weight loss. D. They are generally unruly as young children.

b. They don't know how thin they are and want to get thinner.

ARND stands for A. alcohol-related norepinephrine deficiency. B. alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. C. Alcohol-resistant neurotransmitter defect. D. alcohol retardation and nerve damage.

b. alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder.

Which of the following is NOT a resiliency factor for future drug abuse by adolescents? A. by age 12 have a strong sense of family participation and involvement B. by age 12 to not have been a member of a gang C. by age 12 to have a strong spiritual sense and community involvement D. by age 12 to have an attachment to a clean and sober adult role model

b. by age 12 to not have been a member of a gang

All antipsychotics used to treat schizophrenia reduce the effect of which neurotransmitter? A. serotonin B. dopamine C. norepinephrine D. GABA

b. dopamine

Which is NOT a treatment obstacle? A. lack of treatment resources, especially financial B. lack of neurobiological research on new medications C. program dropout by clients D. conflicting goals between the client and the program

b. lack of neurobiological research on new medications

Historically, there have been three methods to achieve prevention goals. Which of the following is NOT one of those methods? A. reduce the supply B. reduce the prison population C. reduce the demand D. reduce the harm

b. reduce the prison population

Which class of psychoactive drugs seems to enhance sexual performance initially? A. Viagra® B. stimulants C. opiates D. psychedelics

b. stimulants

To the compulsive gambler, "to chase" means A. to try and pick up women or men in casinos for recreational sex. B. to continue to gamble in order to recoup previous losses. C. to drink and gamble at the same time. D. none of the above.

b. to continue to gamble in order to recoup previous losses

Which of the following is NOT a primary or supporting goal of treatment? A. to promote motivation towards abstinence B. to make sure the individuals has "hit bottom" C. to create a drug-free lifestyle D. to address other psychiatric and emotional issues

b. to make sure the individuals has "hit bottom"

Which of the following is NOT a long- term effect of smoking marijuana? A. acute and chronic bronchitis B. tones down the natural tendencies of the user C. slows learning and disrupts concentration D. probably depresses the immune system

b. tones down the natural tendencies of the user.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about MDMA (ecstasy)? A. Tolerance to MDMA's mental effects develops rapidly. B. MDMA can be swallowed or snorted. C. MDMA is a recreational drug and has never been used therapeutically. D. MDMA is a Schedule I drug, therefore an illegal drug with no medical use.

c MDMA is a recreational drug and has never been used therapeutically.

Effects of an LSD "trip" last about A. 15 minutes. B. 1 hour. C. 6-8 hours. D. a full day, 12-24 hours.

c. 6-8 hours

Which of the following is usually NOT an environmental trigger? A. hypodermic needle B. money C. AA meeting D. old neighborhood

c. AA meeting

Concerning Internet addiction, which of the following is NOT true? A. Some individuals experience a stimulant- like rush when online. B. Some Internet users log onto sex sites compulsively. C. Almost all Internet addiction is about sex sites on the Net; games and chat rooms are not that attractive to the Internet addict. D. Problems begin when the online relationships draw the Net surfer from his or her real-life relationships.

c. Almost all Internet addiction is about sex sites on the Net; games and chat rooms are not that attractive to the Internet addict.

Which statement is NOT true for inhalants? A. Inhalants are cheap, readily available, and widespread. B. In law enforcement, inhalant abuse has a low status among drug abuse problems. C. Inhalants are slow acting. D. Inhalants have more direct effect on body tissues than most other psychoactive drugs.

c. Inhalants are slow acting

Which of the following statements is NOT true about formal interventions? A. Each intervention team member prepares a statement that he or she will make to the addicted person at the time of the intervention. B. An intervention should always start and end with an expression of love and genuine concern for the well-being of the addicted person. C. Once the actual intervention is over, the facilitator leaves the participants on their own to follow through with the addict's desires. D. Timing, location, and surprise are crucial components of the actual intervention.

c. Once the actual intervention is over, the facilitator needs to continue to process the intervention with the participants.

Which statement is true regarding pathological gamblers? A. Unlike drug addicts and alcoholics, when pathological gamblers quit gambling, they don't experience withdrawal symptoms. B. Most pathological gamblers do not experience other disorders like compulsive eating, compulsive spending, abusive drinking. C. The Gamblers Anonymous (GA) program parallels the 12-step process used by Alcoholics Anonymous. D. Fortunately, nationwide there are many treatment programs for pathological gambling.

c. The Gamblers Anonymous (GA) program parallels the 12-step process used by Alcoholics Anonymous.

Which statement is true? A. Substance-related disorders are classified in the DSM-IV-TR as personality disorders. B. Substance use disorders are divided into substance abuse, substance use, and substance abstinence. C. The word "addiction" is not used in DSM- IV-TR. D. Substance-induced disorders include conditions that are treated by use of the specific substances abused.

c. The word "addiction" is not used in DSM-IV-TR.

Which of the following would describe a wife who encourages her husband to continue his addiction so she can maintain control over the relationship? A. ACoA B. enabling C. codependency D. dual diagnosis

c. codependency

Which of the following is a popular nutritional supplement used by many athletes? A. cremoline B. poppy seed paste C. creatine D. vitamin D

c. creatine

The most common mind disorder in the United States is A. schizophrenia B. depression C. drug addiction D. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

c. drug addiction

Which of the following is NOT a component of the public health model? A. environment B. agent C. guest D. host

c. guest

Which is NOT one of the three main types of drugs used by athletes? A. therapeutic drugs B. performance-enhancing drugs C. hypertensive medications D. street drugs

c. hypertensive medications

Which of the following is NOT a general effect of all arounders? A. stimulating the sympathetic nervous system B. overloading the sensory pathways making the user acutely aware of all sensation C. intensifying one's ability to reason so that sensation takes on less importance D. causing the user to experience illusions, delusions, and sometimes hallucinations

c. intensifying one's ability to reason so that sensation takes on less importance

Which is not a sexually transmitted disease? A. chlamydia B. hepatitis C C. lymphoma D. HIV disease and AIDS

c. lymphoma

The major challenge of prevention efforts today is to provide what? A. better curricula B. more programs for more individuals C. measurement of long-term effectiveness for the strategies involved D. a consensus about what drug abuse is and how to work with it

c. measurement of long-term effectiveness for the strategies involved

Which of the following in high doses does NOT cause psychedelic reactions? A. the spice nutmeg B. the cough suppressant dextromethorphan C. the common weed dandelion D. Salvia divinorum

c. the common weed dandelion

The primary goal of secondary prevention is A. to do interventions so individuals will enter treatment. B. to keep people from experimenting with drugs. C. to halt drug use once it has begun. D. all of the above.

c. to halt drug use once it has begun

Dual Diagnosis

co-occurrence of an interrelated mental disorder and substance use disorder. Decreasing inpatient mental health treatment resources has magnified co-occuring disorders (often use drugs to self medicate).

Which of the following is NOT true? A. Physicians have a difficult time identifying alcoholism or drug abuse in the elderly. B. Failure to prevent and then treat chemical abuse among the elderly leads to huge medical costs. C. Many manifestations of drug abuse in the elderly are attributed to other chronic illnesses. D. Addiction is a progressive illness for the young but not for the elderly.

d. Addiction is a progressive illness for the young but not for the elderly.

Which of the following is NOT true about depression and bipolar disorder? A. Almost 15% of Americans will experience a major depressive disorder in their lifetime; 8.6% in any 1 yr. period. B. Excessive alcohol use, stimulant withdrawal (cocaine or amphetamine), and the comedown or resolution phase of a psychedelic (LSD, ecstasy) result in a temporary drug-induced depression. C. If untreated, many bipolar patients have frequent suicide attempts. D. Bipolar affective disorder usually begins in a person's late life, after 40, and affects women more than men.

d. Bipolar affective disorder usually begins in a person's late life, after 40, and affects women more than men.

Concerning behavioral addictions, which of the following statements is false? A. The front line development of resources to address behavioral addictions has been the evolution of self-help and 12-step groups. B. It is thought that behavioral addictions involve the dopamine reward pathways in the brain just like drug addictions. C. There are few specialized treatment programs for most behavioral addictions like pathological gambling or sexual addictions. D. Fortunately, behavioral addictions do not require the same intensity of intervention and treatment as substance abuse disorders.

d. Fortunately behavioral addictions do not require the same intensity of intervention and treatment as substance abuse disorders

Which of the following is NOT a statement that applies to prevention? A. There is no quick fix. B. No single approach has been shown to work consistently. C. Any prevention campaign becomes progressively more difficult. D. Prevention done at the elementary school level has been shown to be effective throughout one's lifetime.

d. Prevention done at the elementary school level has been shown to be effective throughout one's lifetime.

Which is not a brain imaging technique? A. SPECT B. PET C. MRI D. SAT

d. SA T

How long does it take for the body to completely excrete a drug like cocaine? A. about 12 hours B. about a day C. about four days D. about a week

d. about a week

The California Alcohol and Drug Treatment Assessment (CALDATA) study said that A. 6-8 months is the optimum treatment duration B. crime goes down 74% among those in treatment C. each $1 spent on treatment saves $7 D. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following is a short-term effect of marijuana use? A. impairment of tracking ability B. distortion of a sense of time C. increased appetite D. all of the above

d. all of the above.

Which of the following drug types are NOT used to treat depression? A. SSRIs B. MAO inhibitors C. amphetamines D. benzodiazepines

d. benzodiazepines

What percent of individuals who present for alcohol and other drug treatment have a co-occurring mental disorder? A. between 4% and 10% B. between 10% and 24% C. between 24% and 44% D. between 44% and 64%

d. between 44% and 64%

Which of the following is NOT an eating disorder as defined by DSM-IV-TR? A. anorexia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa C. binge-eating disorder D. compulsive eating disorder

d. compulsive eating disorder

Which of the following is usually NOT a target population for culturally specific treatment services? A. women B. LGBT C. African Americans D. diabetic drug abusers

d. diabetic drug abusers

Which is NOT a psychiatric disorder? A. somatoform disorders B. adjustment disorders C. pathological gambling D. eccentricity

d. eccentricity

Which idea is widely accepted in the mental health community? A. the client should be allowed to hit bottom B. using a recovering client to treat new clients C. using spiritual principals for recovery D. limited recovery is acceptable

d. limited recovery is acceptable

Which behavior is found in sexual compulsivity? A. self-mutilation B. anorexia C. major depression D. masturbation

d. masturbation

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of marijuana withdrawal? A. craving B. anger and irritability C. inability to concentrate D. seizures

d. seizures

harm reduction

does not require absistence. tries to limit the harm addicts do to themselves and society

Addiction treatment

leads to recovery in 50% of cases. results in 75% reduction in crime for those who engage

supply reduction

limits amount of drugs available to the user through interdiction, legal penalities and incarceration