ADH Oncology
An oncologist advises a client with an extensive family history of breast cancer to consider a mastectomy. What type of surgery would the nurse include in teaching?
prophylactic
The client has finished the first round of chemotherapy. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching by the nurse?
"I can continue taking my vitamins and herbs because they make me feel better."
after cancer chemotherapy, a client experiences nausea and vomiting. The nurse should assign highest priority to which intervention?
Administering metoclopramide and dexamethasone as ordered
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is classified as which type of antineoplastic agent?
Antimetabolite
A patient will be receiving radiation for 6 weeks for the treatment of breast cancer and asks the nurse why it takes so long. What is the best response by the nurse?
"It will allow time for the repair of healthy tissue."
A nurse is teaching a client with bone marrow suppression about the time frame when bone suppression will be noticeable after administration of floxuridine. What is the time frame the nurse should include with client teaching?
7 to 14 days
Types of tumors
benign - well differentiated, does not infiltrate surrounding tissue, slow growth, cause localized effects malignant- undifferentiated, invade, growth rate is variable, metastasizes, cause anemia, weakness, weight loss, systemic inflamamition, extensive tissue damage, tissue death
The nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client receiving interstitial implants for prostate cancer. The nurse documents this as
brachytherapy
Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?
chemical agents
Carcinogenesis
formation of cancer/caused by gene mutations in specific cells causes: diet (fatty,salty nitrate/red meat), obesity, little physical activity factors: Virus-HPV/HepB/Epstein, bacteria- H. pylori, physical agent- sun/smoke/radiation, hazardous chemicals- smoke, chemcials
When caring for an older client who is receiving external beam radiation, which is the key point for the nurse to incorporate into the plan of care?
inspect skin frequently
Staging of cancer
is the process of determining where the cancer is located and the extent of its invasion. Once a cancer is staged the level does not change even if the cancer progresses. determined by size, invasive, lymph node involvement, distant mets
A client with cancer is being evaluated for possible metastasis. What is one of the most common metastasis sites for cancer cells?
liver
Which of the following would be consistent with a benign neoplasm?
progressive and slow
prognosis
size of tumor lymph nodes in axilla triple negatiev is harder to treat
A client with a recent history of GI disturbance has been scheduled for a barium study. The physician ordered this particular test for this client because it will:
slow movement of GI
Carcinogens
smoke-most lethal cause (PANCREAS,HEAD, NECK, LUNG, STOMAHC, AML, KIDNEY, ESOPHAGUS) secondhand smoke
A patient will be having an endoscopic procedure with a diagnostic biopsy. What type of biopsy does the nurse explain will remove an entire piece of suspicious tissue?
Excisional biopsy
The nurse is caring for a thyroid cancer client following oral radioactive iodine treatment. Which teaching point is most important?
Flush toilet twice after every use
Chemotherapeutic agents have which effect associated with the renal system?
Increased uric acid excretion
A patient is admitted for an excisional biopsy of a breast lesion. What intervention should the nurse provide for the care of this patient?
Provide time for the patient to discuss her concerns.
tamoxifen
hormone receptor positive breast cancer need estrogen to grow it attaches to hormone receptor in cancer cell (blocks estrogen from attaching to receptor) puts women in menopause causes hot flashes
Following surgery for adenocarcinoma, the client learns the tumor stage is T3,N1,M0. What treatment mode should the nurse anticipate?
Adjuvant therapy is likely.
The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest?
malignant tumor
Which of the following is a characteristic of a malignant tumor?
It gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels.
A serum sodium concentration lower than 115 mEq/L (115 mmol/L) is associated with
seizure
prophylactic mastectomy
surgical removal of the breasts to prevent breast cancer in women who are at high risk of developing the disease
A client with cancer is receiving chemotherapy and reports to the nurse that his or her mouth is painful and has difficulty ingesting food. What actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
Asks the client to open his or her mouth to facilitate inspection of the oral mucosa Instructs the client to brush the teeth with a soft toothbrush Consults with the healthcare provider about use of nystatin
The nurse is teaching a client about carcinogens. What carcinogens does the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
dietary substances environmental factors viruses chemical agents defective genes hormone replacement therapy
The root cause of cancer is damage to cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which can be caused by many factors, or carcinogens. What factors can be carcinogenic? Select all that apply.
dietary substances environmental factors viruses
HER2
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene that involved in development of breast cancer
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, second only to heart disease. Half of all men and one third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Which types of cancer have the highest prevalence among both men and women?
lung colon
An oncology clinic nurse is reinforcing prevention measures for oropharyngeal infections to a client receiving chemotherapy. Which statement by the client indicates that teaching was successful?
"I clean my teeth gently several times per day."
The nurse is caring for a client is scheduled for chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
"I hope they find a bone marrow donor who matches."
Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer
Blood tests checking for markers, biopsy or removal of tumor, and imaging tests fine needle aspiration or biopsy used to detect and determine malignancy
Genetics
Braca 1v& 2 cause breast cancer, can cause ovarian, colorectal, prostate, retinoblastoma, familial melanoma cancer
Which type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by cells from a donor other than the patient?
Allogeneic
The drug interleukin-2 is an example of which type of biologic response modifier?
cytokine
A nurse is assessing a 75-year-old woman who had a total hysterectomy when she was 30 years old and normal Pap test results for the past 10 years. The client asks about continuing the Pap test. What is the best response by the nurse?
"You may choose to discontinue this test."
The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest?
Malignant tumor
A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which assessment finding places the client at the greatest risk for an infection?
Stage 3 pressure ulcer on the left heel
A 36-year-old man is receiving three different chemotherapeutic agents for Hodgkin's disease. The nurse explains to the client that the three drugs are given over an extended period because:
The three drugs have a synergistic effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms.
The nurse is caring for a client with a benign breast tumor. The tumor may have which characteristic?
Slow rate of growth
A nurse is teaching a client with bone marrow suppression about the time frame when bone suppression will be noticeable after administration of floxuridine. What is the time frame the nurse should include with client teaching?
7-14 days
The nurse should teach the patient who is being radiated about protecting his skin and oral mucosa. An important teaching point would be to tell the patient to:
Cleanse the skin with a mild soap, using his fingertips, not a rough wash cloth.
A client diagnosed with acute myelocytic leukemia has been receiving chemotherapy. During the last 2 cycles of chemotherapy, the client developed severe thrombocytopenia requiring multiple platelet transfusions. The client is now scheduled to receive a third cycle. How can the nurse best detect early signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia?
Closely observe the client's skin for petechiae and bruising.
