Sociology 3130 final exam

Eugenics

"Improve" population through selective breeding and birth control Supported by Nazi laws and practices Sterilized individuals with genetically inheritable diseases, or those likely to give birth to inferior children.

Tuskegee Study

1932-1972 Document the natural progression of syphilis in black men. Supposed to last 6 to 8 months. Untreated

Low standards Poor facilities Incentive programs(e.g., trips to Europe) Financially strong students

American medical schools in the 1800s were known to have:

managed care

Any system that controls costs through closely monitoring the decisions of health care providers is known as

fee-for-service

For most of the history of health insurance in the US, people paid for healthcare using this model:

medicare

In the 1960s, President Johnson was able to pass legislation that funded government subsidized health insurance for individuals ages 65 and over. This program is called:

false

In the United States, there has been a decline in the frequency of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD)s since the 1990s.

true

In the single-payer healthcare system of the UK, everyone receives comprehensive coverage regardless of their ability to pay.

Which of the following is intended to ensure that medical researchers behave ethically?

Institutional Review Boards

DRG's

List what the government would pay for medical procedures

evidence-based medicine

Medical schools have begun to employ which method to help decrease doubt and improve the application of medical knowledge?

Ship's surgeons Apothecaries Clergy Trained in Europe

Most American medical practitioners in the period before the American Revolution were:

The profession determines its own standards of education and training. The student professional goes through a more stringent socialization experience than the learner in other occupations. Professional practice is often legally recognized by some form of licensure. Licensing and admission boards are staffed by members of the profession.

NOT features of professionalism

Formalizing social relationships

Once a professional group becomes established, Goode indicates that it begins to further consolidate its power by:

George Washington

One of the first Americans to support variolation, a type of inoculation, for smallpox was ______

False

One reason that children are still contracting measles after they were essentially eliminated from the US in 2000, is the levels of herd immunity in some areas has gone up.

economic; social

Public dissatisfaction with the medical profession in the United States is generally viewed as having ______________ and ________________ origins.

The over rider or health enclave

Several risk factors contribute to the parent's decision not to vaccinate their children such as the perception of risk and the management risk from an 'imagined gated community'. This is similar to the notion of ______________

Medical education

The Flexner Report reviewed the state of:

Carnegie Foundation

The Flexner Report was sponsored by the:

Which of the following statements is true?

The Nazi philosophy was grounded in part in eugenics.

false

The State of Ohio did not expand Medicaid under the ACA.

true

The Supreme Court ruled that states have the right to require mandatory vaccinations.

Excess Mortality

The concept of ________________ captures confirmed COVID-19 deaths but also deaths that were either correctly or incorrectly counted as COVID-19 deaths.

Government regulation Corporations in the health care market Changes in the physician-patient relationshipThe decline in the status of physicians is largely due to greater:

The decline in the status of physicians is largely due to greater:

health costs (i.e., Medicare, Medicaid)

The largest component of the national budget is comprised of:

false

There is a mandate to vaccinate your children in the US.

pooled risk

This type of early system of health insurance in Europe consisted of people with high income supporting people with low income, and young people supporting elderly people, and healthy people supporting people who are sick.

Diagnostic Related Groups

What does DRG stand for?

neoliberal parenting

When parents assert their individual choice to manage their children independently of the influence of medical institutions and government, they are displaying______________.

united states

Which of the following countries spends the most per capita on health care?

the unusually high administrative costs of its health care system

Which of the following has played the greatest role in contributing to rising health care costs in the United States?

pasteur

Who was responsible for significant advancements in the germ theory of disease?

cultural capital

_____________ is the accumulation of knowledge, behaviors, and skills that a person can tap into to demonstrate one's cultural competence and social status.

The effectiveness of commercial Institutional Review Boards is limited by

conflicts of interest.

Researchers in the Willowbrook study obtained

consent from the parents of their subjects, but that consent was neither informed nor voluntary.

Researchers for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study

enlisted the support of local doctors to ensure that their subjects would not receive treatment for syphilis.

begun to shift to actuarial risk rating

in the 1980s, because of the success of commercial insurers, non-profit insurers have

The Nuremberg Code

is a set of principles regarding the ethics of human experimentation.

The Nuremberg Code states that

medical researchers must do all they can to protect their subjects from harm

In the study conducted at the Willowbrook State School, doctors

purposely infected children with hepatitis.

Henry Beecher, writing in 1966, stated that medical journals

sometimes published articles that relied on unethical research methods.

Bioethics

the ethics of medical and biological research.

The purpose of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was to investigate

the long-term effects of untreated syphilis in African-American men.