Adolescences....

Which substance is most commonly used by adolescents

Alcohol

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity foreclosure state

Denise , who has made identity commitment without needing a period of exploration

All of the following are noted in the text as reasons why achievement during the adolescents years merits special attention, except

Development in the realm of achievement begins and ends during adolescence

According to the text book, the main contributor to increased rate of automobile accidents at among teenagers is

Driving with other teens in the car

Adan is known for scoring high on moral disengagement assessments. Which of the following is pro any true ?

Adam is likely ho emerge in delinquency and aggression

Which other following behaviors is characteristic of increased emotional autonomy among adolescents

Adolescents are able to see their parents as people

Which of the following is true of most adolescents jobs?

Adolescents are rarely required to use skills taught in school.

Which of the following statements about adolescent mods swings is true ?

Adolescents mood fluctuate during the course of the day more than the moods of adults do.

One explanation for the risk taking peak that scientist have observed in adolescence is that

Adolescents tend to be higher in sensation seeking and impulsivity ghat children and adults

Janelle is told that, no matter how hard she tries, she will likely not pass the exam. As a result, she believes that failure is inevitable and stops wasting her time studying. What has janelle developed ?

Learned helplessness

The ability to remember something from several years ago is called

Long term memory

Th popular notion of a " generation gap" has only been supported in differences between parents and children with regard to

Personal taste

What does the five factor model describe

Personality dimensions

Which of the following adolescents is more likely to move toward intercourse at an earlier age without as many intervening steps ?

Richard, a Black adolescents

Sullivan believed that important interpersonal transitions are most likely to be negotiated successfully if :

They have a solid foundation of security in a past relationships

Arwen and Nick dated exclusively for 18 months and say they are in love. Both are age 20 and live in the United States. Based on what you have read in this chapter, which of these statements is most likely true?

They will marry later and their counterparts of 40 years ago did

Until recently, what aspect of teenage sexuality did social scientists focus on ?

Until fairly recently, researchers only focused on the problematic aspects of adolescent sexuality (precocious sex, promiscuous sex, unsafe sex, etc.)

An infant who is indifferent to his/her caregiver would have what type of attachment ?

anxious-avoidant

Research on the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveals that most adolescents

appear to maintain close, respectful, and loving relationships with parents

In contrast to crowds, cliques:

are settings for adolescents' intimate interactions.

The process of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called

tracking

Which of the following is not a common message that the media conveys about sex

unprotected sex can have serious consequences

Legal decisions have tended to support adolescent autonomy when the behavior at issue is

viewed as having potential benefit.

When is delinquency most common?

weekday afternoons

In contrast to the psychoanalytic perspective, many researchers today assert that late adolescent who is gradually and progressively sharpening his or her sense of self as autonomous, competent, and separate from one's parents is developing a sense of

Individuation

Jane has decided not to go along with her friends and drink after school. She realizes that drinking is wrong, and decides not to give into peer pressure. What type of autonomy is Jane exhibiting

Behavior

Which of the following aspects of autonomy involves the capacity to make independent decision and follow through with them?

Behavioral autonomy

The average American adolescents sends____ text messages a day

51-100

The close significant emotional bond between parent and infant is called

attachment

Which aspect of the school climate is the least important in influencing psychosocial development during adolescence?

class size

Sarah was placed in an advanced track at school. Which of the following is Sarah not likely to experience?

classroom activities that emphasize rote memorization

Which dimension of the five factor model measures how organized someone is

conscientiousness

According to Kinney's research, youngsters who were "nerds" in middle school:

had opportunities to shift status in high school.

Which would be considered a cognitive symptom of depression

pessimism

According to Sullivan, the need for intimacy starts to develop during

preadolescence

Which adolescent would be predicted to have the closest relation ship with a maternal grandfather

A boy whose body is just starting to undergo the physical changes of puberty and is living with his divorces mother

Which of the following statements bout boys first sexual experience is false ?

A boys diets sexual partner is likely to be someone he's in love with

According to research by Wayne Osgood and colleagues, the combination of several factors encourages delinquency and other problem behaviors among adolescents. This view is called a routine activity theory, and all but which of the following are thought to be major contributing factor to this combination?

A lower that average intelligence

Can society assume a 15 year old is more competent than a mentally ill adult who has been found not competent to stand trial? What about a 13 year old?

A significant number of 13 and 15 year olds are likely to be as impaired in their abilities to stand trial as mentally ill adults who are incompetent to stand trial.

According to the textbook, young adolescents with __ also report high level of anxiety, tension, and adjustment problems

A volatile self image

Following the end of World War II, many parents wanted To have children as soon As possible, creating what has come to be called the postwar:

Baby boom

During the discussion of the chapter social changes , berry asked several students what their subject age versus actual age was. The class:

Basically supported the research findings (except that one student, you know who you are)

As discussed in the text book, adolescents who work more that 20 hours weekly are more likely than their peers to :

Be absent from school

Who is at the greatest risk of developing body dissatisfaction

Callie, an early maturing white girl who compares herself to her friends

Which adolescents would be expected to have the most positive academic self concept?

Claudia Jean, a gifted student who is intergrated into the regular classroom

During the lecture on work leisure and media, Barry read a segment of the book about US Senate committee concerns by the type of media. The reading was about which type of media?

Comic books

Early maturing boys

May have higher rates of depression

When are adolescents usually in the "worst" mood?

When they are alone

The resources provided within a family allowing the exposure of the adolescent to art, music, and literature are called:

cultural capital

Which of the following is not one of the personality dimensions of the five factor model

gender intensification

Overall, the greatest number of working high school students are employed in:

restaurants and retail establishments

Based on Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, intimacy is first expressed in:

same sex relationships

Researchers have identified all of the following factors as critical components of the development of identity during adolescence except

self-regulation

What is the most effective way to respond to bully?

to do nothing/to walk away

Which of the following would be considered a status offense

being truant from school

Prior to the early twentieth century, high schools were designed:

for elite youngsters.

Which of the following ages would you expect susceptibility to peer pressure, especially for delinquent behaviors, to be the greatest

14 years old

An analysis of "virginity pledges" that encourages adolescents to promise to abstain from premarital sex has found that:

About 82% of adolescents who take a virginity pledge will deny having done so five years later

Tim and Carol are upset because they recently discovered that their 13-year-old daughter has already engaged in sexual intercourse. What other types of problems is their daughter likely to have?

All of these are correct

An adolescent may have an intimate relationship with

All of these are correct, friend family parent romantic partner

Which of the following adolescent problem is likely to be resolved by adult hood

All of these are correct. Unemployment, delinquency, substance abuse

What do the most recent models of the psychological process of achievement during adolescence illustrate?

All of these are true

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in risk taking behaviors

All of these individuals are likely to engage in risky behaviors

Although it is difficult to separate selection and socialization effects, individuals who are securely attached in infancy are likely to

All of these statements are true

Which of the following is not one of the popular stereotypes of contemporary adolescents

Although not supported by research, all of these are popular stereotypes of contemporary adolescents

There is strong pressure on girls to be thin in which parts of the world

America, Europe, and Asian

Boys initial interest in sex is motivated by____ hormones, whereas girls initial interest in sex motivated by______.

Androgen; androgens and estrogen

_____ is example of an internalization disorder; ___ is an example of an externalizing disorder

Anxiety; delinquency

Before industrial revolution, the term child referred to

Anyone under 18 or 21

The most popular type of extracurricular activity is

Athletics

Yusufs parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and even if they don't agree to change the rules, they at least listen to his opinions. Yusufs parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles?

Authoritative

According to the text book, because ___ girls do not feel as ____ about their appearances girls of their appearances as girls of other racial backgrounds, these individuals typically have ____ overall self esteem

Black, negatively, higher

Which of the following statements about personal fable is true?

Both adolescents and adults are susceptible to the personal fade

Which of the following individuals will be considered to be in an identity moratorium state

Brandon, who is the midst of a period of exploration

When asked what a guilty person should do when being interrogated by police, younger adolescence are more likely than older adolescence to say the person

Confess

A person who obeys the rules because of a sense of social obligation to behave in a certain ways is functioning at which level of moral development

Conventional

Mark complains his mother that there's nothing wrong with drinking a little beer because, "everyone my age does it once in a while and I'll be a social outcast if I don't have a drink." marks level of moral development will be described as

Conventional stage

Decrease enjoyment of pleasure able activities would be an example of what type of depressive symptoms

Emotional

As Barbara moves into adolescence, her relationship with her mother and father changes. She is becoming less dependent on them and more dependent on her self. She also realizes that her parents are not always right. Which type of autonomy is Barbara expressing?

Emotional autonomy

Compared to children and adults, adolescents

Engage in a greater number of risky behaviors in the real world

Kent has been involved in minor delinquent behavior. In order to curb this type of behavior, Kent's parents should:

Enroll Kent in an after-school activity

The physical developments of puberty are influenced by which of the following

Environment factors

The proportion of American high school student holding part-tj e jobs has decrease over the last two decades. Which of the following is not a. Explanation for this

Fewer and fewer individuals sought college admission

Who of the following is probably an adolescent( and not a child)?

Frank, who appraised his reading comprehension before starting the next chapter

The textbook states all of the following to explain why the development of intimidation is especially important in adolescence, except

Friend ships transformation being self conscious to being more activity oriented

Alcohol and marijuana are considered _____ drugs because they are almost always used before harder drugs

Gateway

The textbook suggest all of the following for parents who leave their children in self care, except

Have friends come over for study sessions

Generalizing from the textbook, if Nickys parents want to slow down her sexual involvement, which of her parents should talk to her about sex ?

Her mother

Research assessing adolescents work experience found:

High rates of misconduct on the jo. Among adolescent workers( stealing form employers, lying about the number of hours worked )

Compared with their counterparts from previous decades, today adolescents have ___ of educational attainment and ____ levels of academia achievement

Higher ; lower

I'm the class discussion of intimacy and how males and females handle conflict differently, Berry gave an example of an argument with

His daughter first boyfriend

When Diego turned 18, he started to think more about his education and potential future careers. He felt more independent and capable, what has changed for Diego?

His self concept is different

Even though it was clear that another student , Raul, accidentally pushed Noah, he insisted that Raul did it on purpose.What phenomenon is this?

Hostile attribution all bias

Which term below refers to the ability to suspend beliefs about something in order to argue in the abstract ?

Hypothetical thinking

Identified that is in coherent disjointed and characterized by an incomplete sense of self is

Identity diffusion

According to Erikson, the major crisis of adolescents is called

Identity versus identity diffusion

Current research addressing sex difference a in achievement suggest that

If difference in math and science are found today , they are very slight

Research suggest that creating" schools within schools" in larger high schools is associated with all except which of the following ?

Improving students mental and physical health outcomes

Research suggest that with regard to the link between adolescents relationships with their peers and their families

Improving the quality of relationship at home can help adolescents improve their peer relationships

As discussed in the textbook, during the 1950s, how did the United States responded when politicians felt the United stayed had lost it scientific edge to the former Soviet Union

Increased emphasis was placed on math and Science education

Viktor feels like his parents do not care about him because they allow him to set his own rules and they seldom provide much support. He even wishes they would punish him because that would at least get engaged they are paying attention to him. Victors parents will be described best as fitting into which of Baumrinds parenting style?

Indifferent

Lupes parents express love toward her and want her to be happy. They let her, for the most part, establish her own schedule. Lupe eats when she hungry, has full run of the house, goes out when she pleases, and sleeps when she tired. This parenting style is best describe as

Indulgent

A Bas Mitzvah, a religious confirmation in a church, and the quinceanera are all examples of:

Initiation ceremonies

Sullivan believed the crisis of adolescence is ___. Erikson believed it is ___ .

Intimacy ; identity

Osman is a junior high students anticipating puberty. He wants to know when puberty will start and how long it will take until he looks like and is xo side red an adult. His health teacher tells him that the timing and rate of puberty

Is highly variables and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

An _____ is an individual that has few or no links to others is the social network and a______ is an individual who interacts with two or more adolescents who are member of cliques, but who themselves are not part of a clique

Isolate; liaison

According to a study by Caldwell and Darling presented in the textbook, research indicated spending time after schools with friends is most problematic under which circumstances

It is the combination of all the above

Which of the following is the most likely scenario for adolescent sexual activity ?

It takes place in the boys home on a weekday after school

Kim and his mom are in an argument because his mom found out that Jim has smoked marijuana. Jim's defense is " Half the senior class is doing it!" How accurate is Jim's statement?

It's is almost accurate - about 45% of all high-school seniors have tried marijuana

Jesse is a physically immature 14 year old who goes to school where it is expected that 14 year olds date . Hilarity is physically nature 14 year old who goes to school where is it expected that students delay dating until 16. Which adolescent is more likely to date?

Jesse

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be a child( and not an adolescent)?

Jesse, who finds it hard to believe that other people may have beliefs, intentions, and knowledge that may be different from his own

Studies comparing the consequences of drug exposure during adolescence and adulthood have found all of the following except

Juveniles don't feel the positive effects of alcohol as profoundly as adult do

In the class discussion of risks taking behavior, the riskiest behavior was

Kanya who ran away to N.O. When she was 14 and got a tattoo

Which adolescents is most likely to engage in sexual intercourse at the youngest age

Laurence, a Black adolescent

Which of the following illustrates the typical sequence of sexual behavior among adolescents

Masturbation, feeling breast through clothes, feeling penis under clothes, sexual intercourse

The identity changes and adolescence may interact with the ____ to increase family conflict.

Midlife crisis of adults

What substance insulates brain circuits and greatly increases the speed of mental processing

Myelin

Nadia is an early-maturing girl. Compared to her late -maturing peers, which of the following statements is most likely to be true for Nadia ?

Nadia is more likely to be popular with boys

Edith, the adolescent daughter of the local district attorney, has recently been hanging out with the rowdy group of youth to vandalized a number of public buildings. Edith has most likely adopt a:

Negative identity

President George W. Bush's 2002 mandate that all children regardless of economic circumstances, achieve academic proficiency is called the :

No child left behind act

Jeanette, a 17 year old, has decided to engage in sexual interviewer with her boyfriend. Tammy, also 17, has decided to obstain from sex until she is older. Which adolescent is more likely to experience psychological disturbances?

Normative sexual activity during late adolescence is not associated with psychological disturbances

Jim and Savannah are the parents of two preteen girls. Throughout the girls childhood, the family has enjoyed fairly harmonious relationships. The likelihood that they will experience serious problem as the girls go through Adolescence is

Not likely

Which of the following has the most influence over a typical adolescents beliefs regarding religion and morality?

Parents

Peers usually have more influence that parents on matters of

Patterns Of leisure activity

Motivation based on the rewards one will receive for successful performance is called

Performance motivation

According to Kohlberg , reasoning that is based on award and placement is called

Preconventional

Alcohol is they commonly used and abused substances in terms of

Prevalence And recently of use

According to sellers multi dimensional model of Racial Identity (MMRI) , three different aspects of racial identity Are important to consider in understanding discrimination and its affects. These three components are:

Private regard, public regard, and racial centrality

During puberty, individuals who mature early are more likely to exhibit which one the following?

Problem behavior, such as drug use

Hypothetically, if Berry's daughter engaged in sexual activity early, and had more sex that the average adolescent, likely contributed would be all but which of these choices

Professor Barry was promiscuous

Researchers have found that scoring higher on measures of prosocial more reasonable correlates positively with:

Prosocial behavior and is related to being more sympathetic and empathetic

Which of the following parenting behaviors encourages healthy adolescent development and behavior

Providing a family environment that is characterized by close family relationships

According to Erikson a necessary time out for adolescent is called

Psychosocial moratorium

Since Ignacio became an adolescent, he has experimented with different roles and personalities. Ignacio's parents are telling all their friends that this is just a phase that he's going through. According to Erikson this phase is called

Psychosocial moratorium

The physical transformation from child to adult is called

Puberty

What would be a situation where a secondary control strategy would be at least effective ?

Realizing that you have a final exam on Friday

Berry identified himself as which attachment style in class ?

Secure, though he said he might be avoidant

What emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?

Sensation seeking

Sonya has scored in the 1 percentile on an IQ year, yet she gets below average grades in school. What is true about Sonya.

She is an under achiever

Although Suyins parents divorced seven years ago, the counselor at school attributes Suyins poor school performance and delinquent behavior to the divorce. This counselor is probably referring to the

Sleeper effect of divorce

Research about contemporary adolescents is clear that these adolescents_____ that adolescents in previous times

Spend more time in peer groups

Valerie, a 15 year old faced punishment for dropping out of school and leaving home without permission."They don't punish 20 year olds for doing what I did, " she says. Which of the these terms accurately describes Valeria's situation?

Status offenses

Jacob and Stephen just got a project back from their teacher that they had worked on together. They received a D on the project. Jacob said that it was because the project was too hard. Stephen said it was because they hadn't worked hard enough on the project. Which adolescent is most likely to try harder on future projects?

Stephen

In many non-western cultures, there is a huge discrepancy in The extension of privileges to males and females. In general, girls behavior is more _____, whereas boys are given more_____.

Subject to the control of adults; freedom and autonomy

On average, the mental health and school performance of immigrant adolescents is better

Than their U.S. born peers

The hormonal induced increase in the rate of growth in height and weight is referred to as

The adolescents growth spurt

For adolescent girls, which of the following is the most important factor in determining the onset of special intercourse?

The attitudes of friends towards sexual activity

Which of the following conditions is most likely to produce the most favorable and easiest adjustment to menarche?

The girl knows the facts about yhe physical changes her body will undergo

The statue of adolescents as full time student arise as a result of

The industrial revolution

Robert sellers and colleagues have presented a model to help make sense of the complicated relations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health among minorities. This model is called:

The multidimensional model of racial identity, MMRI

I'm a study on the effect of early intensive education on later school performance among children in poverty , which intervention had the greatest impact on performance in high school

The preschool intervention

One study of more that 160000 adolescents from 35 countries found that

The prevalence of bullying is higher in schools characterized by greater income inequality

The Anytown town council developed a program to curb delinquent behavior among the towns adolescents. The program had an iatrogenic effect, meaning

The program backfired and delinquent behavior increased

Neurons are cells that carry information by transmitting charges across the body. When the electrical charge travels through a neuron, it' stimulates

The release of neurotransmitters

In the class discussion of Kohlberg moral reasoning,( autonomy chapter) Berry said it is sometimes difficult to discern the highest stage, post-conventional mayoral reasoning. It was best demonstrated by:

The two women who expressed they wouldn't kill because of empathy

Over the course of adolescence, which of the following is not true of changes that take place in crowds ?

Their description become more concrete

Chris and his parents had an argument because they did not want him to go to a New Year's Eve party across town. A few days after the argument, Chris's anger subsided because he realized his parents were worried about his safety. Which cognitive process did Chris use to reach this conclusion?

Theory of mind

Which of the following statement about comorbidity is not true ?

There is hardly any comorbidity among different psychosocial problems during adolescence within or across the broad categories

In the discussion. Of biological changes, Berry became concerned because

There was a lot of focus on family sexual relations in midivil times

Corrina is concerned because she learned that her 13 year old son, Henry and her 17 year old son , Hector, were caught drinking. Are either of these teenagers likely to become addicted to alcohol

Yes, Henry is likely to be addicted to alcohol as an adult

During the industrial revolution, child protectionist argues that

Young people needed to be kept away from the labor force

The extent to which an individual strives for success is referred to as

achievement motivation

Adolescent peer groups fall along two dimensions

adult orientation; peer orientation

The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of chronological age is called

age grading

Jacob is looking forward to the upcoming presidential election because he is now able to cast his vote. Based on your knowledge of the social redefinition of adolescence, what has Jacob attained?

age of majority

Which of the following is considered an internalizing disorder

anxiety

Ms. Willingham sets high standards for her students but is very responsive to their needs. What type of teaching style is this characteristic of?

authoritative

What kind of family environment most closely resembles the optimal classroom environment?

authoritative

Cassandra and Rosemarie spend lot of time obsessing over each other's problems. What is this called

co-rumination

A group of individuals who are born during a particular time period ( eg., the baby boomers) is known as what?

cohort

Emotional autonomy develops best when parents encourage ____ and ____

individuation; emotional closeness

Adolescents are most likely to exhibit false self behavior with their

dates

During late adolescence, the susceptibility to peer pressure

decreases

Compared to jocks, adolescents from which of the following crowds experience more peer pressure to misbehave?

druggies

Which of the following statements regarding social roles and achievement is not true

during adolescence, most individuals solidify career choices

Research assessing the link between infant attachment and the quality of interpersonal relationships in adolescence and young adulthood finds:

early relationships set the stage for later interpersonal relationships

What family factor appears to predict adolescent sexual involvement, especially among girls ?

household composition

Max tells his friends that his mother is a "real marshmallow" who does whatever he wants and who never enforces the rules she tries to set. If Max's statement is true, his mother is best characterized as:

indulgent

Sullivan emphasized the social aspects of growth, suggesting that psychological development can be best understood when looked at in:

interpersonal terms

Leroy plays video games not because he will win anything by doing well, or because anyone approves of his increasing skill, but because he enjoys getting better at the games. His behavior is an example of:

intrinsic motivation, mastery motivation

The belief or expectation that one cannot control the forces in one's environment is called:

learned helplessness

Lisa earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on:

leisure activities

Today's teenagers spend the most hours:

leisure activities

Placing students in tracks that match their abilities is called:

meritocratic

Which of the following is not a benefit that small schools offer

more varied instruction

Over the course of adolescence, relationships among siblings become more egalitarian but _______ distant and _______ emotionally intense.

more, less

In general, which of the following relationships tends to be closest?

mother-daughter relationship

All of the following are classifications for unpopular or disliked adolescents, except

offensive-reclusive.

Which of the following is not a good predictor of whether adolescents will engage in sexual activity?

parent-adolescent communication

Whitney's present goal is to get good enough at spelling to earn the school's spelling trophy. Whitney's ambition is an example of:

performance motivation

Some critics of the no child left behind act argued that it was having the unintended consequence of

providing incentives for schools to push low-achieving students out of school

In early adolescence, ______ friendships are most common, and in late adolescence,____ friendships are common

same sex; opposite sex

Which of the following is most important in influencing adolescents learning and psychosocial development

school climate

Which of the following is not typically considered to be autoerotic behavior during adolescence?

sexual intercourse

Jacquelynne Eccles describes all of the following changes in school environment when moving from elementary school to middle school or junior high school, except that:

teachers in middle and junior high schools feel more confident in their teaching abilities.

Some educational psychologists, including Jacquelynne Eccles, argue that the difficulty adolescents experience in the transition to junior high school is a result of the:

teachers' beliefs about junior high students.