Adolescent Development test 3

Alcohol and drugs are present in about ______% of prime time network programs, movies, and music videos.

75

Which of the following statements about adolescents' level and degree of interaction with parents is true?

Adolescents interact more often with, are closer to, and argue more with their mothers than with their fathers.

According to the textbook, feeling discriminated against is predictive of all of the following except:

All of these are correct

Stephanie, an adolescent who has witnessed a great deal of conflict between her parents, will most likely experience higher levels of:

All of these are correct

Which of the following characteristics of the retail and restaurant industries contributed to the rise in adolescent employment?

All of these are correct.

According to the textbook, because _____ girls do not feel as _____ about their appearances as girls of other racial backgrounds, these individuals typically have _____ overall self-esteem.

Black; negatively; higher

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity moratorium state?

Brandon, who is in the midst of a period of exploration

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity achieved state?

Francis, who has established a coherent sense of identity; she has made identity commitments after a period of exploration

According to the textbook, research indicates spending time after school with friends is most problematic under which circumstance?

It is the combination of all of the above

Friendships based on which of the following criteria are more likely to be found among adolescents than younger children?

Loyalty

What proportion of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for someone to hit a boyfriend or girlfriend?

More than 50% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend and about 25% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend.

During preadolescence, _____ is the single most important determinant of friendship.

Sex

Dr. Diamond conducts an interview with a patient in order to assess the history of the patient's attachment relationships. What method would Dr. Diamond use?

The Adult Attachment Interview

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

They remain about the same.

Tony and Jeff, both Black adolescents, attend different schools. Tony attends a school where his ethnic group is in the majority and Jeff attends a predominately White school. What do studies predict about Tony and/or Jeff's self-perception?

Tony will have more self-image problems than Jeff.

Dewayne's parents are worried that as he enters adolescence, his self-esteem will greatly decrease. During what time should Dewayne's parents expect the most fluctuations in his self-image?

When he is 12-14 years old

As used in the study of adolescence, the term intimacy refers to an emotional attachment between two people that is characterized by all of the following, except:

a sexual and/or physical relationship.

The Experience Sampling Method involves:

adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged.

Cory works long hours. According to the research presented in the textbook, Cory might increase in which of the following?

all of these are correct

During infancy, Julia formed a secure attachment with her parents. This attachment has formed the basis for all her future approaches to interpersonal relationships. According to attachment theorists, Julia is employing:

an internal working model

It is important to keep in mind that an individual's relationships with parents, siblings, peers, and romantic partners:

are correlated

The most popular type of extracurricular activities is:

athletics

The close, significant emotional bond between parent and infant is called:

attachment

Ryan did a survey at his middle school of the most common after-school jobs for the eighth-grade class. What are his results likely to say?

baby-sitting and lawn work

Compared to minority adolescents with families that have been in the United States for a long-time, foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents tend to perform

better in school, and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior.

Cassandra and Rosemarie spend a lot of time obsessing over each other's problems. What is this called?

co-rumination

Erik Erikson believed that ________ is the primary psychosocial crisis of adolescence.

establishing a coherent sense of identity

The experience of high levels of both concentration and interest at the same time is called

flow experience

According to a survey conducted in the early 2000s, how do adolescents spend most of their leisure time?

in passive activities

Adolescents are most likely to behave __________ in romantic situations, and they are least likely to engage in ___________ behavior with close friends.

inauthentically; false-self

The likelihood that an individual will turn to a peer during a time of trouble _____ in adolescence and the likelihood of turning to a parent _____.

increases; remains stable

Expanding opportunities for adolescents to get involved in athletics, drama group, or another extracurricular activity would be associated with all but which of the following outcomes?

increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school

Allison says that Susan is her friend because she can tell Susan secrets and Susan won't tell anyone else. Allison's definition of friendship is based on:

intimacy and trusted

Lisa earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on:

leisure activities

Today's teenagers spend the most hours:

leisure activities

Having two parents of different ethnic or racial backgrounds is a description of

multiethnic

Aside from athletics, which types of extracurricular activities are next most popular among adolescents?

music-related and academic-related

Edith, the adolescent daughter of the local district attorney, has recently been hanging out with a rowdy group of youth who have vandalized a number of public buildings. Edith has most likely adopted a:

negative identity

What does the Five-Factor Model describe?

personality dimensions

Which of the following factors is the most important predictor of overall self-esteem?

physical appearance self-esteem

Drawing on research that shows that certain extracurricular activities benefit adolescents, and research showing the potential dangers of leaving adolescents unsupervised after school, some experts have argued that well-designed programs will not only deter problem behavior but also encourage youth to develop strengths. This emphasis on developing positive attributes is known as what?

positive youth development

According to Sullivan, the need for intimacy starts to develop during:

preadolescence

According to Erikson, a necessary "time-out" for adolescents is called:

psychosocial moratorium

Since Ignacio became an adolescent, he has experimented with different roles and personalities. Ignacio's parents are telling all their friends that this is just a "phase" that he's going through. According to Erikson, this "phase" is called:

psychosocial moratorium

According to the textbook, which of the following is not generally a predictor of self-esteem?

religious affiliation

Research evaluating media messages about sex and drugs finds that:

repeated exposure to these messages is likely to have an effect on adolescent attitudes and beliefs.

Based on Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, intimacy is first expressed in:

same sex relationships

Maria describes herself as an only child, as a person who likes art and music, who is shy, and who likes to read. Maria's description fits best with the idea of:

self-conception

How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:

self-esteem

Fourteen-year-old Fatimah, who has relatively low self-esteem and is relatively high in rejection sensitivity, is most likely to be upset with her best friend if the friend:

spends more time with a new friend she has made.

The most common trigger of the first episode of major depression is:

the breakup of a romantic relationship

Amy, a 16-year-old girl, is shy around boys though she would really like to be more outgoing. This reflects:

the discrepancy between her ideal and actual selves.

As discussed in the textbook, adolescents who work more than 20 hours weekly are more likely than their peers to:

to be absent from school

Which of the following is not a common message that the media conveys about sex?

unprotected sex can have serious consequences

In recent years, studies of adolescents' consumer behavior have noted the strong influence teens have over one another when it comes to spending money. Advertisers have taken advantage of Internet sites such as YouTube, MySpace, and Facebook to utilize what kind of marketing?

viral marketing