Geog 1003 Exam 1

According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days' travel time from a city of 50000 people or more? 2 percent 5 percent 10 percent 20 percent

10 percent

Following World War II, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. Where was the greatest concentration of these countries? The Americas Africa and Asia Europe and Russia South America and Australia

Africa and Asia

A number of social scientists suggest that we should measure more than wealth in our assessment of development. What else should we assess to economic growth? literacy life expectancy infant mortality all three should be assessed

All of these should be assessed (literacy, life expectancy, infant mortality)

During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture? Pacific Atlantic Asian African

Atlantic

Most developed countries are located in the Northern Hemisphere. Which of the following are notable exceptions? South Africa and Kenya Australia and New Zealand South Africa and Somalia Australia and New Guinea

Australia and New Zealand

___________ is the sub discipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps. Cartography Satellite image reduction GIS Earth projection

Cartography

Which country has the highest Gross National Income (GNI) in South America? Brazil Chile Argentina Paraguay

Chile

Which of the following is a good example of a country that moved from the periphery to the semi-periphery as it increasingly engaged in manufacturing and became a major global exporter, as exemplified by the heavy freight traffic in Hong Kong Harbor? North Korea China South Africa Argentina

China

Why do some scholars think China will supercede the United States as the dominant world superpower? a. China is leading the way in recognizing human rights for all its people b. China's willingness to build clean-energy infrastructure is making it a magnet for industry c. China has an increasingly open government that allows free speech. d. China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.

China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.

One way geographers have thought about scale is by using ___________ circles to represent the finest resolution of scale, from the individual at the center out to the global scale. Convex Concentric colored concave

Concentric

There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)? Europeans colonized the Americas Europeans Colonized the coast of Africa Colonization fueled the triangular trade network Economies were focused on tourism

Economies were focused on tourism.

What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to? a. African countries scrambled to experience as they modernize and develop b. The African region struggled to produce sufficient food for a growing population c. The African region struggled to provide adequate health care for a growing population d. European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second-largest continent among themselves

European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second largest continent among themselves.

Due to every sovereign state having a vote, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) tend to be more democratic than the United Nations (UN). True or False?

False

The new institutions and development programs after World War I set the tone for how we have thought about development since. True or False?

False (World War II)

What is the poorest country in the Western hemisphere? Honduras Chile Argentina Haiti

Haiti

What tool assesses life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling, and per capita GNI? Human Development Index (HDI) Lorenz curve Gross National Index (GNI) None of the above

Human Development Index (HDI)

which of the following is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of World War II? a. International Monetary Fund (IMF) b. World Bank c. General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs/World Trade Organization (WTO) d. International Reserve Bank

International Reserve Bank

Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system? It was isolated It only affected the local port authorities It had a global reach It had a regional reach

It had a global reach.

Which of the following is not true about the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010? a. It would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985 b. It exposed Haiti's many problems to the world. c. It was not the most powerful earthquake that year, but it was closer to the country's population center d. A series of corrupt dictators contributed to infrastructure development before and after the earthquake

It would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985.

Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the ___________ in the Pacific Spanish Chinese Portuguese Japanese

Japanese

The 45-degree line of the ___________ curve represents perfect equality, where equal portions of the population control equal amounts of income. Lowenthall Lloyd Lorenz Martin

Lorenz

Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked? Liechtenstein and Germany Bolivia and Paraguay Lesotho and Andorra Luxembourg and Switzerland

Luxembourg and Switzerland

The first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers. France and Spain British Isles italy and France Spain and Portugal

Spain and Portugal

Political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. Select the correct match of country and century below. Mix and Match the four countries with the time periods (Choose only four) Portugal, Spain, Great Britain, the United States, the Netherlands 1500s, 1600s, 1700s and 1800s, 1900s, and 2000s

Spain- 1500s; the Netherlands- 1600s; Great Britain - 1700 and 1800s; and the United States - 1900s

Which of the following is not consistent with strong globalization? a. The global economy has emerged since the 1970s b. The global economy is significantly different from previous economies c. States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade d. The market is all important and not constrained by state governments.

States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade.

What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power? a. The other countries on the Security Council can get a majority and make decisions that favor smaller countries. b. The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized. c. Peacekeeping missions are never authorized. d. There is constant pressure for the five countries to step down and let other countries have a turn to get veto power.

The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized.

Which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50000 or more)? The Pacific Islands The Tibetan Plateau Antarctica The Siberian Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau

___________ means considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world. being politically astute contexting conceptualizing thinking geographically.

Thinking geographically

Another way to consider development is to measure the variability of human well-being (education, health, gender equality) in space. True or False?

True

Geographers have tended to describe development as a process of change in the composition of an economy of a particular region and the well-being of its inhabitants, relative to other areas. True or False?

True

Nations within countries are not granted representation in the United Nations (UN), making it difficult for these groups to gain independence. Some examples include the Kurds of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria; the Tibetans of China; or the Basques of Spain and France. True or False?

True

The Opium War (1839-1842_ between Great Britain and China originated when the Chinese banned opium sales in China due to public health concerns. However, Britain's main concern was the huge trade deficit it was running with China. True or False?

True

The world Bank was initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following World War II. True or False?

True

T-Shirt Travels demonstrates how a simple act of kindness, donating your old T-shirts to the Salvation Army or Goodwill, has resulted in undermining the textile industry in Zambia and other African countries where imported secondhand clothing is more popular than locally made clothing. True or False?

True.

In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members. European Union African Union Red Cross United Nations

United Nations (UN)

Approximately, how many landlocked countries are there in the world? Less than 30 30 to 35 35 to 40 Above 40

above 40 (43)

As a country or area develops, the nature of the economy changes or progresses through a series of stages. Select the correct order of these stages. Rank the three service, agricultural, industrial

agricultural, industrial, service

The influence of human behavior on earth is since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the ___________ anthropocene holocene pleistocene eocene

anthropocene

Which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region? economic misdevelopment negative development negative stimulus backwash effect

backwash effect

The divide between the Global North (developed countries) and the Global South (developing countries) is a ___________ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries. latitudinal socioeconomic politcal socioeconomic and politcal

both socioeconomic and politcal

What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials? by sea by rail by air by truck

by sea

Which of the following could a physical geographer study? a. cultural landscape b. economic patterns c. migration patterns d. climate and landforms

climate and landforms

The visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the ___________ landscape. physical functional human cultural

cultural

The terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of ___________ a. cultural landscape b. manifest destiny c. environmentalism d. human behavior

cultural landscape

Although people in remote locations have gained connection through internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable disparity between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the ___________. rural urban divide great divide income divide digital divide

digital divide

Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to a. enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others b,. increase environmental impacts c. limit connectivity d. benefit automotive manufacturing.

enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others

The physical context of the earth refers to ___________ a. landscape b. space c. environment d. place

environment

The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ___________ diffusion of ideas. expansion leap-frog economic behavioral

expansion

Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation ___________ efficient expensive sustainable fast

expensive

Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. These aspects are largely the result of ___________ inexpensive oil prices efficient urban planning expensive transportation expensive oil prices

expensive oil prices.

A climate region of the world is a ___________ region. formal functional small-scale large-scale

formal

What is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria? perceived region culture region functional region formal region

formal region

A public school district in the United States is a ___________ region. perceived formal relative functional

functional

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence and deepening relations across country boundaries? internationalism international trade global trade globalization

globalization

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as ___________ glocalization globalization cultural branding cultural ecology

glocalization.

The ___________ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the statistic tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world. gross domestic product (GDP) gross national income (GNI) rate of inflation

gross national income (GNI)

Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage? first world hegemon Pokemon Imperialist state

hegemon

The spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is good example of ___________ hearth diffusion relocation diffusion contagious diffusion hierarchical diffusion

hierarchical diffusion

We can see places that were tied together and places that were not, by studying ___________ physical landscape physical geography historical spatial interaction diffusion models

historical spatial interaction.

Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points? regional network hub-and-spoke system linear network nodal network

hub-and-spoke system

Research in new regional geography sees regions as ___________ natural locations defining characteristics of place human constructs basic world units for study

human constructs

The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and ___________ a. landscape and topography b. history and development c. geology and climate d. human geography

human geography

In general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel efficient vehicles ___________ in response to a significant increase in gas prices as soon as more efficient options are available during war time when forced to by stricter environmental regulations

in response to a significant incresae in gasoline prices.

What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century? exploration industrialization agriculture the slave trade

industrialization.

The effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. Which of the following is not a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people? a. risk (or probability) b. sensitivity of a livelihood due to an environmental change c. a household's ability from an environmental shock d. level of education

level of education

One method of finding absolute location on a map is by using GIS MapQuest the legend or key longitude and latitude

longitude and latitude

Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe -> Africa -> the Americas -> Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy. Order the three manufactured goods, commodities, slaves

manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.)

What does MAUP stand for? meaning and useful places major associations united politically modified areal unit problem meaning, association, and understanding of places

modifiable areal unit problem

In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was ___________ religious expansion need for resources and tribute exploration decreasing population

need for resources and tribute

Besides being problematic in its own right, top-down development often experienced a lack of ___________ that inhibited the longer-term sustainability of programs because local people had little interest in maintaining projects they did not initiate or request. Funding participation development grants

participation

___________ (or per person) basis allows comparisons between countries regardless of population size. The Americas Africa and Asia Per Europe and Russia Per capita

per capita

A region that people may imagine to exist, such as "Dixie," is a ___________ narrative region formal functional perceptual

perceptual region

Interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a ______________ geographer. regional physical human cultural

physical

The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to ___________ a. territory b. place c. environment d. culture

place

Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use ___________ language religion location precipitation

precipitation

There are two basic types of maps: thematic maps and ___________ maps. directional global reference GIS

reference

The study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in ___________ regional geography tropical environments Africa and South America human geography

regional geography

Development ideas that emphasize structure, or the global framework under which countries operate, say that the ___________ between countries are as or more important than internal policies for determining the future development of a country. relationships exchange rate trade imbalance migration

relationships

Collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called ___________. remote sensing distance accumulation GIS air-photo interpretation

remote sensing.

Local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are ___________ location and proximity site and situation locale and place location and destination

site and situation.

Geography is the study of people, place, environment, and ___________ a. land b. landforms. c. space d. distance

space

What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to? a. space b. landscape or territory c. geographic concepts of place d. land use

space

What is the degree of contact between people and places? spatial interaction time-distance decay spacial-temporal connectivity distance interaction

spatial interaction

Modern colonialism began in fifteenth century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus in the modern era was specifically on gaining ___________. territory wealth shipping facilities (ports and docks) power

territory

To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II. The United Nations (UN) The North American Treatey Alliance The League of Nations The Warsaw Pact

the United Nations (UN)

As a percentage of GNI, which of the following countries contributes the most total dollars in foreign aid? The United States Canada Germany Australia

the United States

Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map? all maps global reference thematic

thematic

Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks? time-space compression distance decay distance compression distance depression

time-space compression.

A name of a place, or place-name, is referred to as a ___________ toponym geogram location regional identifier

toponym

All maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. They are all inaccurate. True or False?

true

Fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st century. True or False?

true

The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as ___________ urban hierarchies urban heat islands rural to urban migraion urbanization

urban hierarchies.

The perception of place refers to a way people construct their ideas about ___________ what a place is like pros and cons of location attitudes concerning location a sense of space

what a place is like

Which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semi-periphery and periphery? modernization theory dependency theory theory of development world-systems theory

world-systems theory