Geog 1003 Exam 1
According to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days' travel time from a city of 50000 people or more? 2 percent 5 percent 10 percent 20 percent
10 percent
Following World War II, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. Where was the greatest concentration of these countries? The Americas Africa and Asia Europe and Russia South America and Australia
Africa and Asia
A number of social scientists suggest that we should measure more than wealth in our assessment of development. What else should we assess to economic growth? literacy life expectancy infant mortality all three should be assessed
All of these should be assessed (literacy, life expectancy, infant mortality)
During the Age of Exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture? Pacific Atlantic Asian African
Atlantic
Most developed countries are located in the Northern Hemisphere. Which of the following are notable exceptions? South Africa and Kenya Australia and New Zealand South Africa and Somalia Australia and New Guinea
Australia and New Zealand
___________ is the sub discipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps. Cartography Satellite image reduction GIS Earth projection
Cartography
Which country has the highest Gross National Income (GNI) in South America? Brazil Chile Argentina Paraguay
Chile
Which of the following is a good example of a country that moved from the periphery to the semi-periphery as it increasingly engaged in manufacturing and became a major global exporter, as exemplified by the heavy freight traffic in Hong Kong Harbor? North Korea China South Africa Argentina
China
Why do some scholars think China will supercede the United States as the dominant world superpower? a. China is leading the way in recognizing human rights for all its people b. China's willingness to build clean-energy infrastructure is making it a magnet for industry c. China has an increasingly open government that allows free speech. d. China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.
China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.
One way geographers have thought about scale is by using ___________ circles to represent the finest resolution of scale, from the individual at the center out to the global scale. Convex Concentric colored concave
Concentric
There were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. Which of the following is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)? Europeans colonized the Americas Europeans Colonized the coast of Africa Colonization fueled the triangular trade network Economies were focused on tourism
Economies were focused on tourism.
What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to? a. African countries scrambled to experience as they modernize and develop b. The African region struggled to produce sufficient food for a growing population c. The African region struggled to provide adequate health care for a growing population d. European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second-largest continent among themselves
European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second largest continent among themselves.
Due to every sovereign state having a vote, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) tend to be more democratic than the United Nations (UN). True or False?
False
The new institutions and development programs after World War I set the tone for how we have thought about development since. True or False?
False (World War II)
What is the poorest country in the Western hemisphere? Honduras Chile Argentina Haiti
Haiti
What tool assesses life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling, and per capita GNI? Human Development Index (HDI) Lorenz curve Gross National Index (GNI) None of the above
Human Development Index (HDI)
which of the following is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of World War II? a. International Monetary Fund (IMF) b. World Bank c. General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs/World Trade Organization (WTO) d. International Reserve Bank
International Reserve Bank
Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system? It was isolated It only affected the local port authorities It had a global reach It had a regional reach
It had a global reach.
Which of the following is not true about the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010? a. It would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985 b. It exposed Haiti's many problems to the world. c. It was not the most powerful earthquake that year, but it was closer to the country's population center d. A series of corrupt dictators contributed to infrastructure development before and after the earthquake
It would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985.
Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the ___________ in the Pacific Spanish Chinese Portuguese Japanese
Japanese
The 45-degree line of the ___________ curve represents perfect equality, where equal portions of the population control equal amounts of income. Lowenthall Lloyd Lorenz Martin
Lorenz
Which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked? Liechtenstein and Germany Bolivia and Paraguay Lesotho and Andorra Luxembourg and Switzerland
Luxembourg and Switzerland
The first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers. France and Spain British Isles italy and France Spain and Portugal
Spain and Portugal
Political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. Select the correct match of country and century below. Mix and Match the four countries with the time periods (Choose only four) Portugal, Spain, Great Britain, the United States, the Netherlands 1500s, 1600s, 1700s and 1800s, 1900s, and 2000s
Spain- 1500s; the Netherlands- 1600s; Great Britain - 1700 and 1800s; and the United States - 1900s
Which of the following is not consistent with strong globalization? a. The global economy has emerged since the 1970s b. The global economy is significantly different from previous economies c. States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade d. The market is all important and not constrained by state governments.
States (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade.
What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power? a. The other countries on the Security Council can get a majority and make decisions that favor smaller countries. b. The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized. c. Peacekeeping missions are never authorized. d. There is constant pressure for the five countries to step down and let other countries have a turn to get veto power.
The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized.
Which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50000 or more)? The Pacific Islands The Tibetan Plateau Antarctica The Siberian Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau
___________ means considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world. being politically astute contexting conceptualizing thinking geographically.
Thinking geographically
Another way to consider development is to measure the variability of human well-being (education, health, gender equality) in space. True or False?
True
Geographers have tended to describe development as a process of change in the composition of an economy of a particular region and the well-being of its inhabitants, relative to other areas. True or False?
True
Nations within countries are not granted representation in the United Nations (UN), making it difficult for these groups to gain independence. Some examples include the Kurds of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria; the Tibetans of China; or the Basques of Spain and France. True or False?
True
The Opium War (1839-1842_ between Great Britain and China originated when the Chinese banned opium sales in China due to public health concerns. However, Britain's main concern was the huge trade deficit it was running with China. True or False?
True
The world Bank was initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following World War II. True or False?
True
T-Shirt Travels demonstrates how a simple act of kindness, donating your old T-shirts to the Salvation Army or Goodwill, has resulted in undermining the textile industry in Zambia and other African countries where imported secondhand clothing is more popular than locally made clothing. True or False?
True.
In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members. European Union African Union Red Cross United Nations
United Nations (UN)
Approximately, how many landlocked countries are there in the world? Less than 30 30 to 35 35 to 40 Above 40
above 40 (43)
As a country or area develops, the nature of the economy changes or progresses through a series of stages. Select the correct order of these stages. Rank the three service, agricultural, industrial
agricultural, industrial, service
The influence of human behavior on earth is since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that it constitutes a new geological era called the ___________ anthropocene holocene pleistocene eocene
anthropocene
Which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region? economic misdevelopment negative development negative stimulus backwash effect
backwash effect
The divide between the Global North (developed countries) and the Global South (developing countries) is a ___________ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries. latitudinal socioeconomic politcal socioeconomic and politcal
both socioeconomic and politcal
What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials? by sea by rail by air by truck
by sea
Which of the following could a physical geographer study? a. cultural landscape b. economic patterns c. migration patterns d. climate and landforms
climate and landforms
The visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the ___________ landscape. physical functional human cultural
cultural
The terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of ___________ a. cultural landscape b. manifest destiny c. environmentalism d. human behavior
cultural landscape
Although people in remote locations have gained connection through internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable disparity between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the ___________. rural urban divide great divide income divide digital divide
digital divide
Transportation networks may be intentionally designed to a. enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others b,. increase environmental impacts c. limit connectivity d. benefit automotive manufacturing.
enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing others
The physical context of the earth refers to ___________ a. landscape b. space c. environment d. place
environment
The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ___________ diffusion of ideas. expansion leap-frog economic behavioral
expansion
Landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation ___________ efficient expensive sustainable fast
expensive
Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. These aspects are largely the result of ___________ inexpensive oil prices efficient urban planning expensive transportation expensive oil prices
expensive oil prices.
A climate region of the world is a ___________ region. formal functional small-scale large-scale
formal
What is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria? perceived region culture region functional region formal region
formal region
A public school district in the United States is a ___________ region. perceived formal relative functional
functional
Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence and deepening relations across country boundaries? internationalism international trade global trade globalization
globalization
The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as ___________ glocalization globalization cultural branding cultural ecology
glocalization.
The ___________ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the statistic tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world. gross domestic product (GDP) gross national income (GNI) rate of inflation
gross national income (GNI)
Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage? first world hegemon Pokemon Imperialist state
hegemon
The spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is good example of ___________ hearth diffusion relocation diffusion contagious diffusion hierarchical diffusion
hierarchical diffusion
We can see places that were tied together and places that were not, by studying ___________ physical landscape physical geography historical spatial interaction diffusion models
historical spatial interaction.
Which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points? regional network hub-and-spoke system linear network nodal network
hub-and-spoke system
Research in new regional geography sees regions as ___________ natural locations defining characteristics of place human constructs basic world units for study
human constructs
The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and ___________ a. landscape and topography b. history and development c. geology and climate d. human geography
human geography
In general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel efficient vehicles ___________ in response to a significant increase in gas prices as soon as more efficient options are available during war time when forced to by stricter environmental regulations
in response to a significant incresae in gasoline prices.
What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century? exploration industrialization agriculture the slave trade
industrialization.
The effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. Which of the following is not a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people? a. risk (or probability) b. sensitivity of a livelihood due to an environmental change c. a household's ability from an environmental shock d. level of education
level of education
One method of finding absolute location on a map is by using GIS MapQuest the legend or key longitude and latitude
longitude and latitude
Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe -> Africa -> the Americas -> Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy. Order the three manufactured goods, commodities, slaves
manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.)
What does MAUP stand for? meaning and useful places major associations united politically modified areal unit problem meaning, association, and understanding of places
modifiable areal unit problem
In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was ___________ religious expansion need for resources and tribute exploration decreasing population
need for resources and tribute
Besides being problematic in its own right, top-down development often experienced a lack of ___________ that inhibited the longer-term sustainability of programs because local people had little interest in maintaining projects they did not initiate or request. Funding participation development grants
participation
___________ (or per person) basis allows comparisons between countries regardless of population size. The Americas Africa and Asia Per Europe and Russia Per capita
per capita
A region that people may imagine to exist, such as "Dixie," is a ___________ narrative region formal functional perceptual
perceptual region
Interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a ______________ geographer. regional physical human cultural
physical
The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to ___________ a. territory b. place c. environment d. culture
place
Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use ___________ language religion location precipitation
precipitation
There are two basic types of maps: thematic maps and ___________ maps. directional global reference GIS
reference
The study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in ___________ regional geography tropical environments Africa and South America human geography
regional geography
Development ideas that emphasize structure, or the global framework under which countries operate, say that the ___________ between countries are as or more important than internal policies for determining the future development of a country. relationships exchange rate trade imbalance migration
relationships
Collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called ___________. remote sensing distance accumulation GIS air-photo interpretation
remote sensing.
Local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are ___________ location and proximity site and situation locale and place location and destination
site and situation.
Geography is the study of people, place, environment, and ___________ a. land b. landforms. c. space d. distance
space
What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to? a. space b. landscape or territory c. geographic concepts of place d. land use
space
What is the degree of contact between people and places? spatial interaction time-distance decay spacial-temporal connectivity distance interaction
spatial interaction
Modern colonialism began in fifteenth century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus in the modern era was specifically on gaining ___________. territory wealth shipping facilities (ports and docks) power
territory
To "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," to "achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following World War II. The United Nations (UN) The North American Treatey Alliance The League of Nations The Warsaw Pact
the United Nations (UN)
As a percentage of GNI, which of the following countries contributes the most total dollars in foreign aid? The United States Canada Germany Australia
the United States
Relative locations of places are shown on what type of map? all maps global reference thematic
thematic
Which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks? time-space compression distance decay distance compression distance depression
time-space compression.
A name of a place, or place-name, is referred to as a ___________ toponym geogram location regional identifier
toponym
All maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. They are all inaccurate. True or False?
true
Fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st century. True or False?
true
The relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as ___________ urban hierarchies urban heat islands rural to urban migraion urbanization
urban hierarchies.
The perception of place refers to a way people construct their ideas about ___________ what a place is like pros and cons of location attitudes concerning location a sense of space
what a place is like
Which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semi-periphery and periphery? modernization theory dependency theory theory of development world-systems theory
world-systems theory
