Adult BLS unit

Teamwork?

Involves a group of people working together to achieve a common goal.

Why is it better to use a pocket mask when there is one rescuer?

It is easier to switch between chest compressions and rescue breaths using a pocket mask.

What compression rate should be used on an adult?

Provide 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute. This will take about 15 to 18 seconds.

When should you assist a victim of cardiac arrest to the recovery position?

ROSC, such as coughing, normal breathing, or movement

When switching positions in a two person rescue, who calls for the switch?

The rescuer performing chest compressions should call for a switch at the beginning of the cycle.

How do you check the carotid pulse?

- Use two or three fingers to locate the trachea on the side closest to you. - Slide these fingers down in between the trachea and the muscle at the side of the neck to feel for a carotid pulse.

Vanous return

A complete recoil allows blood to flow into the heart

You are operating an AED during a two person BLS rescue. What should you say when the AED promts that an analysis is starting? Where should the other rescue or say?

"stand clear". All rescuers should indicate that they are clear of the victim by responding with "clear" and holding their hands up.

Should normal BLS procedures be followed if an opioid overdose is suspected?

- For a patient with suspected opioid overdose who has a definite pulse but no normal breathing or only gasping, in addition to providing rescue breathing, give naloxone. For a patient with suspected opioid overdose who has no pulse and no breathing, consider giving naloxone but do not delay CPR. For a patient with suspected opioid overdose who has a definite pulse and normal breathing, consider naloxone, and transport to the hospital.

What are the six foundational concepts of high-quality CPR?

1 - Start Chest Compressions Within 10 Seconds of Recognition of a Cardiac Arrest 2 - Chest Compressions Should Be Hard and Fast 3 - Allow Complete Chest Recoil After Each Compression 4 - Minimize Interruptions to Chest Compressions 5 - Give Effective Rescue Breaths 6 - Avoid Excessive Ventilation

What are the six steps for adult BLS rescue?

1 - Verify the Scene is Safe 2 - Check for Responsiveness 3 - Simultaneously Check Pulse and Breathing 4 - Perform High Quality CPR 5 - Attempt Defibrillation 6 - Assist to Recovery Position

What are the links in the OHCA chain of survival?

1. Activation of the emergency response system 2. High-Quality CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions 3. Defibrillation with an AED 4. Advanced resuscitation and effective advanced life support and transport to a care facility 5. Post-cardiac arrest care 6. Recovery

What are three things you can do to assess if a victim has overdosed on opioids? Explain each

1. Communicate with bystanders - Ask open questions, such as "Does anyone know what happened?" Don't ask closed or yes/no-type questions, like "Did this person take drugs?" 2. Observe the victim - A decreased level of consciousness or severe sleepiness, Pinpoint eye pupils, Respiratory depression 3. Observe the surroundings. - Look for used syringes, pill bottles, pipes, or other drug-related material

What are the links in the IHCa chain of survival?

1. Early recognition and prevention 2. Activation of Emergency Response 3. High-quality CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions 4. Defibrillation with an AED 5. Post-cardiac arrest care 6. Recovery

What the steps to operating in AED?

1. Position and power-on the AED. 2. Attach the AED pads. 3. Allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm. 4. Deliver a shock, if advised by the AED. 5. Immediately restart chest compressions. 6. Repeat rhythm analysis when prompted by the AED.

What are the six steps to performing high-quality CPR?

1. Position the victim. 2. Prepare for chest compressions. 3. Provide 30 chest compressions. 4. Give 2 rescue breaths. 5. With two rescuers, switch compression roles every two minutes. 6. Continue CPR until it is appropriate to stop.

What are the 3 steps involved in closed loop communication?

1. Send the message - The sender of the message tells the message to the receiver. 2. Provide feedback by the Receiver - The receiver provides feedback that the message was properly understood by repeating the message back to the sender. If the receiver does not provide feedback, the sender should ask for it. 3. Acknowledge task is done by the Receiver - If the message was to do a task, the receiver should acknowledge when the task is started, and more importantly when the task is completed.

What are the three elements of effective teamwork? Briefly describe each element.

1. Understanding Roles and Responsibilities - Clear roles and responsibilities should be defined as soon as possible. The team leader should clearly define the roles and assign tasks according to each team member's skill. When every member knows their job, the team functions smoothly. 2. Good Communication - Information and knowledge about the situation should be shared. Instructions should be clear. Closed-loop communication should be used to eliminate misunderstandings. All communication should be made with mutual respect and a professional attitude. 3.Performing a Debriefing - After the emergency, a good team always debriefs by reviewing what went well and what needs improvement.

What are two problems that can result from excessive ventilation?

1. can cause gastric, or stomach, inflation and result in complications, such as regurgitation and aspiration. 2. can cause the lungs to expand and increase intrathoracic pressure. This can decrease venous return to the heart during recoil.

What is the maximum amount of time that should be used to give rescue breaths or to switch roles during CPR?

10 seconds

How many rescue breaths should be given?

2

What percent of OHCA have shockable arrhythmias?

25%

How many chest conpressions should be provided during adult CPR?

30

What is the chest compressions to rescue breath ratio doing one person adult CPR?

30 compressions to 2 breaths, or 30:2

What is the chest compression to rescue breaths ratio during two person adult CPR?

30:2

How long should you check the pulse and breathing for an unresponsive victim?

5 seconds but no longer than 10 seconds.

You have found an unresponsive victim and, since you are alone, have shouted for help. What is the very next thing you should do as a loan rescuer?

Activate the emergency response system

What are the five reasons given to stop CPR?

An AED is available. The victim shows signs of ROSC such as coughing, normal breathing, or movement. Care is transferred to an advanced life support team. The rescuers are unable to continue because of exhaustion or the scene becomes unsafe. A valid document stating that resuscitation should be stopped is presented.

Pacemakers or implanted defibrillators

Before placing the pad on the skin, look and feel for any hard lumps. If a hard lump is detected, try to avoid placing the pad on top of the lump.

After a shock is delivered what should be immediately restarted?

CPR

Flammable material nearby

Do not use an AED around flammable liquids or combustible materials, such as gasoline or free-flowing oxygen.

Skill 3:

Communication is essential when responding to an emergency. You need to properly communicate with your team, bystanders, and, if possible, the victim. Communication includes verbal and non-verbal messages.

How deep should chest compressions be on an adult?

Compress the chest between 2 inches (5 centimeters) and 2.4 inches (6 centimeters)

What are the four foundational skills mentioned in the lesson? Briefly describe each skill using one of the three sentences Skill 1:

Critical thinking is the ability to identify a logical course of action based on available information. Fast critical thinking is very important during a cardiac arrest, when time and quick action are essential.

Why do you need to remove all clothing, including undergarments, covering the victims chest before starting chest compressions?

Exposing the chest is important to ensure proper hand placement and to visualize chest recoil.

What should be done if and unresponsive adult victim has a strong pulse, but lacks normal breathing?

Give one rescue breath every 5 to 6 seconds, or about 10 to 12 breaths per minute.

Transdermal medical patches

If it can be done quickly, remove the patch and wipe the area before applying the pad. Otherwise, avoid placing the pad over the patch.

If the season doesn't seem say what should you do?

If the scene doesn't seem safe to approach, back off and activate the emergency response system. Don't take any action that might lead to you also becoming a victim.

PPE

PPE is specialized clothing and equipment that prevents direct contact with potentially infectious materials. PPE can include gloves, breathing barriers, shirts, pants, face shields, and protective eyewear.

What does the acronym PPE stand for?

Personal Protective Equipment

What kind of surface should the victim be on for chest compressions? Why?

Place the victim on a firm, flat surface, such as a backboard or the floor. Chest compressions are more effective when performed on a firm, flat surface. This allows the compression to better squeeze the heart and create more blood flow.

Skill 2:

Problem solving is the ability to use available resources to resolve an issue.

Skill 4:

Teamwork involves a group of people working together to achieve a common goal. It is important that every member of the team has well-defined roles and responsibilities and that they understand them. This allows the team to work in a coordinated effort to achieve the goal.

Why do you need to allow for a complete recoil after each compression?

This provides the most blood to be pumped during the next compression

Water covering the chest

Water will conduct the shock away from the path that it needs to take. If the victim is in water, quickly pull them out of the water. If their chest is covered in water, quickly wipe the chest before attaching the AED pads. Avoid getting the AED or AED pads wet. If the victim is on snow, or in a small puddle, they do not need to be moved.

Why is it better to use a bag mask when there are two rescuers?

a bag-mask can deliver more oxygen to the victim.

Opioids

are a class of natural and synthetic drugs that affect the nervous system to relieve pain.

What is an AED?

automated external defibrillator: is a portable medical device that automatically analyzes a victim's heart rhythm during a cardiac arrest and determines if it is a shockable rhythm. The AED can then deliver an electrical shock in an attempt to re-establish a normal heart rhythm.

When should rescuers stand clear during the use of AED?

closed-loop communication method to indicate that everyone is clear of the victim.

What should be done if an unresponsive adult victim has a pulse and normal breathing?

do not begin CPR. Place the victim in the recovery position and monitor. Re-evaluate their pulse and breathing every 2 minutes.

In a two person rescue, how often should the rescuers switch positions during CPR?

every two minutes, or five cycles

Name the technique and then explain the steps needed to open the patient's airway, if NO spinal trauma is expected.

head-tilt/chin-lift technique

Naloxone

is a medication that can reverse the effects of respiratory depression caused by an opioid overdose.

Excessive ventilation

is when too much air is forced in the lungs during a rescue breath

What is the age definition for an adult and how is it recognized?

may be given to anyone who has reached the onset of puberty, which usually occurs between 12 and 14 years of age. The person exhibits secondary sex characteristics.

When a barrier device is not available, what technique of rescue breaths should be used?

mouth-to-mouth

In a two person rescue, what does each person do if the victim is unresponsive?

ne rescuer should activate the emergency response system appropriate to the setting and retrieve an AED and any other emergency equipment. The other rescuer should check the victim's pulse and breathing.

When observing the scene where should you be looking for?

observe the victim, which includes looking for life-threatening bleeding. Life-threatening bleeding should be treated immediately. Look for clues as to what may have caused the emergency. Ask bystanders what happened.

What is the benefit of a two person rescue over a one person rescue doing CPR?

one rescuer can provide chest compressions while the other rescuer gives breaths.

How should and unresponsive victim be placedd when checking the pulse and breathing?

supine, or face-up, position. If the victim needs to be rolled, take care not to worsen any suspected injury.

Hair on chest

the hair should be very quickly removed where the pads need to be placed. This can be done by shaving the hair - razors are included with some AEDs.

Compression fraction

the percentage of total CPR time during which chest compression is performed

Why use a barrier device?

to protect the rescuer from contact with the victim's exhaled air or fluids such as saliva, vomit, or blood.

In a two person rescue, how often should people switch roles during CPR?

wo minutes or five cycles of compressions and rescue breaths.