Adult development ch 1,2,
A feature of the baby boomer cohort is that: A. it was much larger than the cohort born during the Great Depression. B. it was confronted with an environment that was less competitive than the environment their parents encountered. C. it was the cohort that was more educated than the millennials. D. it was the cohort that had the best connectivity among other cohort groups.
A. it was much larger than the cohort born during the Great Depression.
One of the reasons for the "crowded nest" phenomenon is: A. low wage for young workers. B. young adults these days are much less independent from their parents than in the past. C. unavailability of other housing alternatives. D. parents prefer to have their adult children living with them.
A. low wage for young workers.
) All of the following are examples of the double standard of aging by gender except: A. men are more likely to be evaluated for their sexual appeal and women for emotional support. B. men are more likely to be independent and self-reliant than women. C. aging in women is less attractive than for men. D. women are more likely to use cosmetic techniques to conceal their age than men.
A. men are more likely to be evaluated for their sexual appeal and women for emotional support.
A fact about aging is that: A. most retirees are busy, active, and satisfied with their working lives. B. more than 80 percent of people 65 and older live in nursing homes. C. older men and women spend only 10 percent of their lives free of disability. D. people become extremely mellow as they grow old.
A. most retirees are busy, active, and satisfied with their working lives.
Mrs. Martin recently became a grandmother. The best term to define the change in her life is: A. social role. B. functional age. C. chronological age. D. subjective age.
A. social role.
Why do women tend to associate more negative connotations with aging than do men? A. Women, on average, die earlier than men. B. Women are evaluated on physical attractiveness and reproductive potential, and aging affects both. C. Women lose mental capacity as they age more quickly than men. D. Men think they get better looking with age so they don't mind it as much.
B. Women are evaluated on physical attractiveness and reproductive potential, and aging affects both
Which of the following statements is true about education? A. High school completion rates are the same across different ethnic groups. B. Younger minorities are much more likely than their elders to have a college degree. C. The educational gap by race and ethnicity is ever widening. D. Each succeeding generation has less education opportunities than the generation that preceded it.
B. Younger minorities are much more likely than their elders to have a college degree.
Research has found that television: A. consistently portrays the aged in a positive and non-stereotypical fashion. B. ads have improved significantly in the way they depict older people. C. mostly does not focus on young people. D. rarely treats older people with disrespect.
B. ads have improved significantly in the way they depict older people.
The finding that older people are more politically conservative than younger people is an example of: A. aging effect. B. cohort effect. C. period effect. D. subculture effect.
B. cohort effect.
All of the following are characteristics of a trajectory except: A. it can be a multiple pathway in ordering and timing life events. B. it ranks individuals hierarchically in a social system. C. it can consist of distinct gender differences in employment. D. it has an impact on women's income security in old age.
B. it ranks individuals hierarchically in a social system.
Which of the following was not part of the experience of the sent-down youth in China? A. Many were allowed to visit their families for only a few weeks every three years. B. Marriage and childbearing were significantly delayed. C. Most started out on the upper end of the occupational ladder. D. They were more likely to go to college and eventually had higher incomes.
C. Most started out on the upper end of the occupational ladder.
Which of the following is not a stereotype of older adults? A. The aged are isolated from family members. B. Most older people are disabled. C. The majority of men and women are out of the labor force by age 62. D. The aged are politically powerful.
C. The majority of men and women are out of the labor force by age 62.
. (p. 29) One of the major methodological issues in research on the life course is: A. collecting data to test various hypotheses. B. selecting the appropriate sample size. C. distinguishing among age, period, and cohort effects. D. distinguishing between abstract and concrete concepts for the study.
C. distinguishing among age, period, and cohort effects.
An advantage of longitudinal research studies is that they: A. follow different groups of people at different points in time. B. do not distinguish age effects from cohort effects. C. provide data about differences between age cohorts. D. do not require any investment as they monitor subjects at only one point in time
C. provide data about differences between age cohorts.
Social gerontologists are concerned mainly with the _____ of aging. A. physical component B. biological component C. social component D. financial component
C. social component
) In age-graded systems, _____. A. people are categorized by the number of siblings in their families B. each categorized group has the same role or grade C. people are predominantly categorized by the differences in their ethnicity and race D. males are ranked in hierarchical order according to their age group
D. males are ranked in hierarchical order according to their age group
The _____ refers to middle-aged people who have both dependent children and aging parents. A. crowded nest B. social clock C. swing generation D. sandwich generation
D. sandwich generation
The term "ageism" refers to: A. a composite of ideas and beliefs attached to people as a group or category. B. avert or hostile attitudes directed toward a group of people. C. overt action directed toward a group of older people. D. systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old.
D. systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old.
Cohort aging refers to: A. people in different historical eras. B. people 85 and over. C. distinctive experiences which cohort members share. D. the continuous advancement of a cohort to one age category to another over the life span.
D. the continuous advancement of a cohort to one age category to another over the life span.
The Health and Retirement Survey is an example of a cross-sectional research study reported to the government panels making policy decisions about families.
FALSE
The best example of an aging effect is the civil rights movement of the 1960s.
FALSE
The life course of individuals is shaped entirely by the individual.
FALSE
The majority of older people are in poor health.
FALSE
The portrayal of elderly people in television ads has improved significantly in the last 40 years.
TRUE
Which of the following is not a technique used in qualitative research? A. interviewing individuals using a survey instrument B. participant observation C. open-ended interviews D. observing people in a natural setting
A. interviewing individuals using a survey instrument
2.A subfield of gerontology is: A. scientology. B. social gerontology. C. sociology. D. social work.
B. social gerontology.
According to research, support for gay marriage was lowest among: A. the Millennials. B. the Silent Generation. C. the Echo Boomers. D. the Swing Generation.
B. the Silent Generation.
Which of the following is not an example of chronological age? A. young-old at 65-74 B. well old at any age C. middle-old 75-84 D. oldest-old 85 and older
B. well old at any age
Which of the following is not one of the functional categories devised by gerontologists? A. well elderly B. somewhat impaired elderly C. employed elderly D. frail elderly
C. employed elderly
All of the following are characteristics of longitudinal research designs except: A. they follow a particular group of people over time. B. they provide data about differences between age cohorts. C. they are costly. D. they are factual because all of the same subjects remain in the study.
D. they are factual because all of the same subjects remain in the study.
A major advantage of the longitudinal research design is that it compares subjects from different cohorts.
FALSE
Age grades use age as a social category to group people by religious and sexual orientation.
FALSE
An example of a countertransition is achieving a bachelor's degree at age 18.
FALSE
Men are more likely to be widowed than women.
FALSE
A cross-sectional research design consists of asking people in several age groups the same information.
TRUE
A major disadvantage of the longitudinal research design is the cost.
TRUE
A number of studies have found that children who are overweight are much more likely than slim children to be obese as adults.
TRUE
An example of age cohort would include all interns at a particular company.
TRUE
If there are disorders in the sequencing of life events, there may be negative consequences for later life transitions.
TRUE
In the context of ageism, prejudice refers to negative stereotypes about older people.
TRUE
One distinctive change in the duration of a life course phase is the extension of adolescence.
TRUE
People who start life at an advantage are likely to experience increasing benefits as they age.
TRUE
The _____ clock orders major life events. A. biological B. social C. time D. age
b. social
Research has found that by middle school age, most children held uniform views about the elderly.
false
) Successful aging involves both the individual and society.
true
Social gerontology is a subfield of gerontology, concerned primarily with the social aspects of aging.
true
People with ageist attitudes: A. often view women more harshly than they view men. B. predominantly believe that older people usually live free of disability. C. typically refrain from stereotyping older people who receive healthcare. D. assume that older people are politically weak.
A. often view women more harshly than they view men.
Functional age may be measured by: A. reduced skin elasticity. B. diminished long-term memory. C. speech defect. D. level of activity.
A. reduced skin elasticity.
Which of the following is an example of a cohort effect? A. the shift in the attitudes of a country's population toward gay marriage from the 1960s till the early 2000s B. the shift in the average life expectancy of an older cohort from the 1960s till the early 2000s C. the impact of the civil rights movement on the economy of the United States in the 1970s D. the impact of the Great Depression on the rich and the poor
A. the shift in the attitudes of a country's population toward gay marriage from the 1960s till the early 2000s
Which group has the highest income in old age? A. unmarried people B. married couples C. women living alone D. men living alone
B. married couples
Social scientists have found that there is a sequencing in the order of later life moves. The second move is most likely to occur when: A. older adults are seeking a comfortable lifestyle. B. older adults encounter physical incapacity. C. older adults develop chronic disabilities, a serious illness, or become widowed. D. older adults have remarried.
C. older adults develop chronic disabilities, a serious illness, or become widowed
The longitudinal research design that focuses on the role that social support and personal relationships play in healthy aging is _____. A. the Health and Retirement Survey B. the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging C. the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project D. the Asset and Health Dynamics among the oldest-old
C. the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project
The term "age timetables" refers to: A. the number of years spent in each phase of the life cycle. B. appropriate ages for making various life course transitions. C. the expected timing or deadline for life events. D. timetables that order life events
C. the expected timing or deadline for life events.
Which of the following generations is the best educated and most diverse of any generation? A. the swing generation B. the echo boomers C. the millennials D. the silent generation
C. the millennials
One theory which seeks to explain why inequality increases with age is the: A. age stratification theory. B. age inequality theory. C. theory of cumulative disadvantage. D. demographic transition theory.
C. theory of cumulative disadvantage.
Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of age grade? A. It occurs in every society. B. Most societies have more clearly marked age grades for males than for females. C. Societies may vary in the number of age grades. D. Individual members of society can select the age grade they want to join.
D. Individual members of society can select the age grade they want to join.
Which of the following is not part of the definition of senescence? A. It is the application of evolutionary principles to understand decline in old age. B. Death is a part of the process of natural selection. C. Death is a way to weed out worn-out members of a population. D. Old age can be a period of renewal and increased wisdom.
D. Old age can be a period of renewal and increased wisdom.
Why do most people think of "old age" as starting at 65? A. That's the age that most people retire these days. B. That's traditionally the age at which most health problems begin. C. That's the average age at which people become grandparents. D. Prior to the year 2000, that was the age at which retired workers could begin receiving Social Security benefits.
D. Prior to the year 2000, that was the age at which retired workers could begin receiving Social Security benefits.
Which of the following statements is true about the frail elderly? A. They are predominantly engaged in the life of the community. B. They are usually mentally and physically fit. C. They can never improve from their health conditions. D. They depend on others for carrying out their daily activities.
D. They depend on others for carrying out their daily activities.
People who were born during the Depression are members of the "Swing Cohort."
FALSE
The basic assumption in measuring age effects is that changes due to aging reflect biological and physiological developments that are independent of specific times, places, or events.
TRUE
The government has the greatest impact on two phases of the life course: adolescence and old age.
TRUE
Which of the following statements is true about subjective age identity? A. It has no relationship with the gender of an individual. B. It appears to be influenced by the social class of an individual. C. It is the accurate description of an individual's functional age. D. It typically categorizes people into the well elderly, the impaired elderly, and the frail elderly.
B. It appears to be influenced by the social class of an individual.
Which of the following is an example of a period effect? A. the financial crisis of 2007-2008 B. the change in the attitude of the millennials about the baby boomers C. the changes in the physical appearance of an individual over a period of time D. the disappearance of the Malaysian Flight 370
A. the financial crisis of 2007-2008
) The best research design to distinguish among age, period, and cohort effects is: A. cross-sectional. B. longitudinal. C. secondary data. D. participant observation.
B. longitudinal.
Chronological age poses a problem in social gerontology because it: A. is a subjective factor. B. lumps people of different generations together. C. can be a good predictor of old age. D. is a specific point in a person's life.
B. lumps people of different generations together.
For nineteenth-century women, _____ percent of their married lives were spent in childrearing. A. 60 B. 20 C. 90 D. 50
C. 90
) Which of the following statements is true of the theory of cumulative disadvantage? A. It states that the past history of an individual has little relationship with the future behaviors of the individual. B. It indicates that inequality among people 65 or older is the lowest of all age groups. C. It highlights the influences of earlier life experiences on the quality of life in old age. D. It proposes that the advantage of one group over another group remains constant at any period of time.
C. It highlights the influences of earlier life experiences on the quality of life in old age.
16. (p. 09) Identify an accurate statement about the millennials. A. They are commonly known as the swing generation. B. They were born before Generation X. C. They are less likely than other generations to practice organized religion. D. They are the least connected generation in the entire human history.
C. They are less likely than other generations to practice organized religion.
The government has the greatest impact on: A. adolescence and young adulthood. B. children and older adults. C. adolescence and old age. D. children and adolescence.
C. adolescence and old age.
A good example of functional age is: A. a person between the ages of 65-74. B. retiring from one's employment at 48. C. at the age of 58, no longer being able to run 20 miles. D. classifying oneself as "old" or "elderly."
C. at the age of 58, no longer being able to run 20 miles.
Which of the following is NOT an example of life course transition in the family sphere? A. parenthood B. grandparenthood C. entering full-time employment D. marriage
C. entering full-time employment
A disadvantage of longitudinal research studies is that they: A. fail to include children and teens in their research. B. fail to distinguish age effects from cohort effects. C. have a tendency to be biased as some people drop out over a period of time. D. can only include people of different age cohorts at a single point in time.
C. have a tendency to be biased as some people drop out over a period of time.
Transitions are: A. social changes that occur as one cohort replaces the other. B. the impact of historical events on the entire society. C. role changes individuals make as they leave school, take a job, marry, have children, or retire. D. ways of using age as a social category to group people by status.
C. role changes individuals make as they leave school, take a job, marry, have children, or retire.
Which of the following is not a factor associated with successful aging? A. setting goals and working to achieve them B. participating in meaningful activities C. adopting a lifestyle to reach maximum level of functioning D. accepting compulsory retirement
D. accepting compulsory retirement
Gerontologists define a "cohort" as the: A. study of family processes. B. actual number of years lived by a group of people. C. average number of years lived by a group of people. D. aggregate of individuals who experience the same event within the same time interval.
D. aggregate of individuals who experience the same event within the same time interval.
The millennials are less likely than other generations to hold liberal attitudes toward controversial issues such as gay marriage.
FALSE
There is one major definition of aging.
FALSE
Until recently, middle age was distinct from the rest of adult life.
FALSE
The period of old age is also another change in the duration of the life course. It may last as long as 45 to 55 years.
false
There is little variation in cohorts by gender or ethnic composition.
false
according to research, by the year 2017 more than 66% of very old women will have at least two surviving children.
TRUE