Advance Concepts Quiz 1 round 2

A patient with chest pain is a candidate for thrombolytic therapy. How soon should this medication be provided to the patient?

. 30 minutes

The nurse is collecting data on a patient with varicose veins. What should the nurse document as a subjective finding of varicosities?

. Aching of legs

The nurse is caring for a patient in the initial phase of treatment for a partial-thickness burn. The patient has been stabilized, with blood pressure 140/88 mm Hg, pulse 78 beats/min, respirations 22 breaths/min, and temperature 97.4F (36.3C). Which new assessment finding should be immediately communicated to the health care provider (HCP)?

. Blood pressure 122/74 mm Hg

The nurse is caring for a patient who is being prepared for coronary atherectomy. Which order should the nurse expect to administer?

. Calcium channel blocker

The nurse observes two PACs in 1 minute on a patients cardiac monitor. The patient is asymptomatic. What action is required by the nurse?

. Continue monitoring the patient.

The nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a patient with varicose veins. Which position should be encouraged to reduce the patients pain?

. Elevate legs.

A patient is having a surgical procedure done to promote peripheral tissue perfusion in an extremity with full-thickness circumferential burns. What term should the nurse use to document this procedure?

. Escharotomy

During a home visit, the nurse is reinforcing teaching provided about nitroglycerin therapy. Which patient statement about the supply indicates that teaching has been effective?

. I need to replace my supply of nitroglycerin every 6 months.

The nurse receives a telephone call from a relative who was diagnosed with angina last year. The relative reports taking 5 nitroglycerin (NTG) tablets but still has chest pain. What would be the best advice for the nurse to give this relative?

. I will call an ambulance and report your chest pain.

The nurse is collecting data from a patient who has chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities. Which finding should the nurse expect?

. Leathery, brown skin

The nurse is contributing to the teaching plan of a patient who is prescribed niacin. What specific recommendation should be included in the teaching plan?

. Take aspirin 30 minutes before niacin to reduce flushing.

A patient hemorrhaging from an incision has a blood pressure of 70/0 mm Hg. What type of fluid replacement should the nurse anticipate will be ordered initially

0.9 % normal saline

The nurse is concerned that a patient is at risk for MI because of the latest total cholesterol level. Which level did the nurse use to cause this concern?

221

A patient reports that chest pain started at 2 pm. The nurse realizes that for thrombolytic treatment to be most effective in dissolving a blood clot, it should be given by:

2:30

A patient wants to know how long it will take to know if a skin graft used to cover a burn site is successful. How many days should the nurse explain as needed for graft vascularization to occur?

3 to 5

The nurse is caring for a patient with burns covering the entire surface of both arms and the anterior trunk. Approximately what percentage of the patients body surface area has been affected?

36%

A patient has burns on both legs and in the genital/perineum area. What is this patients percentage of burned area?

37%

A patient in shock is found unresponsive. The nurse knows that immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation is required because brain cells begin to die if deprived of oxygen for how many minutes?

4

Data collection findings for a patient include shortness of breath with crackles in the lung bases, jugular vein distention, daily weight increased by 3 pounds from yesterday, report of chest pain, blood pressure 86/40 mm Hg, pulse 132 beats/minute, and respirations 30/minute. Which order should the nurse question?

500 mL 0.9% NS over 30 minutes

The nurse is caring for a client with burns on the lower part of both arms, the chest, and both legs (upper and lower). Using the rule of nines, the client has which percentage of burns?

54

A patient is diagnosed with superficial partial-thickness burns. How many days should the nurse instruct the patient that these burns will need to heal?

7 to 10 days

A patient reports that chest pain started at 2 pm. The nurse realizes that for thrombolytic treatment to be most effective in dissolving a blood clot, it should be given by:

8 pm

The nurse is receiving report on patients assigned for the next shift. Which patient should the nurse observe first?

A patient with cellulitis who is receiving the first dose of IV antibiotics and who is reporting a feeling of tightness in the throat

The nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a patient with an aneurysm. Which patient statement indicates correct understanding of a dissecting aneurysm?

A separation of the inner layer of the arterial wall.

A patient being treated for cardiogenic shock has an order for captopril (Capoten). Vital signs are blood pressure 120/70 mm Hg, pulse 85 beats/min, and respirations 16 breaths/min. What action should the nurse take regarding this medication?

Administer the dose.

A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident has pale mucous membranes, diaphoresis, confusion, blood pressure 88/48 mm Hg, irregular heart rhythm, and metabolic acidosis. Which finding should the nurse recognize as the likely cause of acidosis?

Anaerobic metabolism

The nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a patient who has been prescribed a new medication. For which medication should the patient be instructed there is the possibility of developing a cough when taking the drug?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

52. A patient is recovering from stent placement in an occluded coronary artery. Which medication should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?

Antiplatelet

The nurse discovers that a patient recovering from surgery is hemorrhaging from the incisional site. What action should the nurse take?

Apply pressure to the bleeding site

The nurse is caring for a patient who has long-standing asthma and stable angina. Which medication can the nurse safely provide to the patient?

Atenolol (Tenormin)

The nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a patient with Raynauds disease. Which measure should the nurse include to prevent an attack?

Avoid stimulation that causes vasoconstriction.

The nurse is caring for a patient 3 days following a split-thickness burn injury from a fire. Which observation indicates that nursing interventions to promote cardiac output have been effective?

Blood pressure is 128/66 mmHg.

The nurse is caring for a client with superficial partial-thickness burns. Which clinical finding should the nurse expect to find?

Bright red to pink skin

The nurse is assisting with the care of a patient who is receiving an intravenous infusion with potassium. The nurse realizes that fluids containing potassium are administered slowly and cautiously to prevent which health problem?

Cardiac arrest

The nurse is caring for an 85-year-old patient with septic shock. What should the nurse keep in mind when repositioning this patient?

Change positions slowly.

A patient with progressive shock is diaphoretic and confused. The most recent blood pressure measurement was 82/40 mm Hg and a urinary catheter output was 10 mL for 1 hour. Intravenous (IV) fluids are infusing at 150 mL/hr. Which action should the nurse take related to the urine output?

Check urinary catheter for kinking.

The nurse provides comfort measures to maintain normal body temperature and reduce pain and anxiety for a patient who is experiencing shock. What is the purpose of the nurse performing these actions?

Decreases oxygen demand

The nurse has reinforced teaching about symptoms of an MI and the importance of seeking medical treatment promptly to a patient who has angina. What should the nurse explain as a common reason prompt treatment is not sought?

Denial of symptoms

10. After an episode of shock, a patients laboratory results reveal decreased clotting factors. Based on these laboratory results, the nurse should monitor for which complication of shock?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Patients are being treated in the intensive care unit for anaphylactic, septic, and neurogenic shock. For which type of shock should the nurse plan to provide care?

Distributive

A patient with gastrointestinal bleeding has hemoglobin of 8.5 g/dL. While receiving care the patient becomes anxious and irritable and bright red drainage appears through the nasogastric tube. The patients vital sign measurements are pulse 130 beats/minute, blood pressure 105/55 mm Hg, and respirations 28/minute. What should the nurse recognize as causing the changes in the patients vital signs?

Early shock

. A patient recovering from an MI asks for information about the types of meat that can be eaten. What should the nurse respond to the patient?

Eat chicken and fish, keeping red meats to a minimum

A patient recovering from vascular leg surgery is found standing in a large pool of blood flowing from the surgical site. After assisted into bed, the patient is pale with a palpable pulse. What action should the nurse take?

Elevate legs and apply pressure over the bleeding site

A patient is demonstrating signs of anaphylactic shock. What action should the nurse take first?

Ensure a patent airway.

The nurse is at the scene of a fire caring for a patient with a thermal burn on the face, chest, and abdomen. What action should the nurse perform first?

Ensure an open airway.

A patient in shock is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. What should the nurse realize as being the mechanism behind the development of this acid-base imbalance?

Excessive anaerobic metabolism

A patient is admitted for care because of heat stroke. Why should the nurse include interventions to prevent the onset of shock?

Excessive water lost through sweating can lead to hypovolemic shock.

A patient is experiencing respiratory distress and mild shock. In which position should the nurse place the patient?

Head elevated

A patient with gastrointestinal bleeding is awake, alert, and oriented and has vital sign measurements of: blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg, pulse 118 beats/minute, respirations 18/minute, and temperature 98.6F (37C). Which finding should the nurse consider as a possible sign of early shock?

Heart rate 118 beats/min

The nurse is reinforcing teaching for managing the pain of peripheral arterial disease. Which patient statement indicates correct understanding of discharge instructions?

I will sit with my legs down.

The nurse is monitoring hourly urine output from an indwelling catheter for a patient experiencing hypovolemic shock. What should the nurse do if the patients urine output drops to 15 mL for one hour of monitoring?

Immediately report the drop in urine output

A patient who is hemorrhaging has pale mucous membranes, blood pressure 92/52 mm Hg, pulse 160 beats/minute, and respirations 30/minute. The patient is receiving IV fluids at 150 mL/hour, has a blood transfusion infusing, and is being provided oxygen via a mask. What should the nurse recognize as the most likely cause of the patients respiratory rate?

Inadequate tissue perfusion

The nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a patient in shock. Which nursing diagnoses should the nurse recommend be included in the patients plan of care?

Inadequate tissue perfusion

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving fluid replacement after being burned on 37% of the body. Nursing assessment reveals a blood pressure of 80/60 mm Hg, heart rate of 120 beats/min, and urine output of 10 mL over the past hour. After reporting these findings, which order should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?

Increase the amount of IV fluid administered per hour

A patient is receiving a dopamine infusion for shock. What should the nurse expect to assess in the patient because of this medication?

Increased blood pressure

A patient is admitted with suspected septic shock. Which action should the nurse take first?

Insert an IV access device.

The nurse reviews the importance of seeking medical treatment with a patient at risk for an MI. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

Less heart muscle is damaged.

After an episode of shock, a patients laboratory results reveal elevated serum levels of ammonia and bilirubin and decreased plasma proteins and clotting factors. Which organ should the nurse recognize as being damaged from the shock?

Liver

The nurse notes that a patient with full thickness burns has an increase in hematocrit level. What should the nurse realize is causing this change in laboratory value?

Loss of intravascular fluid

A patient with a deep partial thickness burn is prescribed wet to dry gauze dressings. Which type of debridement is the nurse performing with this dressing?

Mechanical

The nurse is caring for a patient in mild shock. Which medication should the nurse question before providing if ordered for a patient experiencing shock?

Morphine

The nurse obtains vital signs on a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding who has a large, dark red, foul-smelling stool. Which vital sign changes should the nurse report as indicative of early shock?

Normal blood pressure, tachycardia, and rapid respirations

A patient reports acute pain and numbness in the left leg. The nurse notes the left leg is pale and cooler than the right leg. What should the nurse do?

Notify the RN.

A patient with a history of a myocardial infarction has chest pain. The patients skin color is grayish, blood pressure is 88/70 mm Hg, pulse is 116 beats/minute and irregular, and respirations are 30/minute. Which action should the nurse take?

Notify the charge nurse.

A patient has chronic peripheral arterial disease. During neurovascular checks, the nurse finds an absent left pedal pulse and a cyanotic leg. What should the nurse do?

Notify the registered nurse (RN) immediately.

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the burn unit with burns to 45% of the body. After 3 days, the nurse notes that the patients temperature is newly elevated at 100.2F (37.9C), and the patient exhibits new- onset agitation and confusion. What should the nurse do first?

Notify the registered nurse (RN) or primary care provider.

A patient being treated for an acute MI reports severe chest pressure, as if someone is standing on my chest. What should the nurse do first?

Obtain vital signs.

The nurse is providing wound care to a patients skin graft donor sites used for burn treatment. For which type of wound is this nurse providing care?

Partial thickness

A patient with low back pain is returning from an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan that revealed an aortic aneurysm. For which finding should the nurse immediately intervene?

Patient reports sudden severe flank pain.

On arrival in the emergency department, a patient who was in a motor vehicle accident is apprehensive, confused, and hypotensive. The patient has tachycardia, oliguria, and cool clammy skin. What should the nurse do first?

Perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment.

The nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a patient to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. Which patient statement indicates that teaching on how to reduce triglycerides with lifestyle changes and prescribed medication was effective?

Perform daily exercise, eat a low-fat diet, and take gemfibrozil (Lopid)

A patient with peripheral venous disease (PVD) is sitting in a chair and has edematous and purple feet. What action should the nurse to take?

Place the patients legs on a tall footstool.

The nurse is reinforcing the importance of leg exercises with a patient who is prescribed bedrest. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

Prevent thrombophlebitis and blood clot formation.

The nurse is collecting data from a patient experiencing an MI. Which finding should the nurse expect?

Profuse diaphoresis

After collecting data, the nurse suspects that a patient is experiencing cardiogenic shock. Which finding supports this nurses suspicion?

Pulmonary edema

A patient who is taking atenolol (Tenormin) is experiencing shock. Which symptom of shock should the nurse expected to be absent in this patient?

Pulse 115 beats per minute

The nurse is seeking assistance for a patient having continuous cardiac monitoring. Which type of PVCs did the nurse most likely observe in this patient?

R-on-T phenomenon

The nurse is assisting with admission of a patient experiencing symptoms of an acute MI. Which activity would be the highest priority for this patient?

Relieve pain.

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with chemical burns to the chest and abdomen. The RN immediately begins a sterile saline lavage. What should the licensed practical nurse (LPN) do to assist during this procedure?

Remove the patients clothing.

The physician prescribes nitroglycerin for a patient with anterior MI. The patients vital signs are apical pulse 52 beats/min and blood pressure 80/60 mm Hg. What action should the nurse take?

Report the vital signs to the RN.

A patient is recovering from a cardiac catheterization that was completed through the right femoral site. Which information is most essential for the nurse to collect immediately after the procedure?

Right pedal pulse

A patient with hypovolemic shock is experiencing oliguria due to hemorrhage. Which should the nurse recognize as the most likely cause of the patients oliguria?

Secretion of aldosterone

The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from an MI. In which position should the nurse place the patient to decrease preload and the hearts workload?

Semi-Fowlers position

A patient who had surgery 3 days ago has a temperature of 98F (36.6C), blood pressure 82/72 mm Hg, pulse 120 beats/minute, and respirations 30/minute. Which type of shock should the nurse suspect is occurring in this patient?

Septic

The nurse is contributing to a staff education program about complications associated with urinary catheters. Which type of shock should the nurse recommend be included in the presentation?

Septic

As part of ongoing data collection and care of a patient in shock, the nurse notes a slowing heart rate, systolic blood pressure less than 60 mm Hg, a decreasing temperature, decreasing respiration rate, and scant urine output. These signs and symptoms should indicate to the nurse that the patient is in which stage of shock?

Severe

A male patient is prescribed a long-acting nitroglycerin medication for stable angina. Which medication should the nurse remind the patient to avoid while taking the nitroglycerin?

Sildenafil (Viagra)

The nurse is helping prepare a teaching plan to modify risk factors for a patient with coronary artery disease. Which risk factor should the nurse include in this patients teaching plan?

Smoking and high fat intake

The nurse is contributing to the teaching plan for a patient who is taking nitroglycerin. Which action should be included if chest pain occurs?

Take 1 tablet every 5 minutes for three doses until pain is relieved

The spouse of a patient in neurogenic shock asks what is happening to the patient. How should the nurse response to the spouse?

The blood vessels have dilated and lowered the blood pressure

The nurse is caring for a patient who is 2 days post-inhalation burn injury from a house fire. Which outcome best indicates that nursing interventions for impaired gas exchange have been effective?

The patient is alert and oriented.

A patient scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy asks what is going to happen in the procedure. What should the nurse explain to the patient?

The procedure usually involves removing plaque from the lining of the carotid artery.

The family of a patient in shock asks the nurse to explain the condition. How should the nurse respond to this family?

There is inadequate oxygen delivered to the tissues.

A patient with varicose veins asks how the condition develops. Which response by the nurse is best?

They are caused by poor function of the valves in your veins.

The nurse is caring for a patient suspected of having an MI. What laboratory tests should the nurse review to determine if this patient did experience an MI?

Troponin I and myoglobin

Despite aggressive treatment, the condition of a patient in shock continues to worsen. Surgical intervention stops the bleeding, and the shock stabilizes. Which finding should the nurse act upon immediately?

Urinary output is 15 mL/hour.

The nurse is reinforcing instructions provided to a patient to prevent the development of varicose veins. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

Wear support stockings.

The nurse is teaching a patient about an upcoming cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriogram. What information should the nurse include in this teaching?

You will see a lot of equipment in the room.

The nurse is preparing a patient with 46% total body surface area burned for graft placement. Which anatomical locations should the nurse expect to have a lower rate of graft success than other areas of the body? (Select all that apply.)

a. Axillae b. Buttocks c. Perineum f. Joint areas

The nurse is caring for a patient who sustained a partial-thickness burn to the face. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

a. Blisters d. Bright red color f. Blanching when touched

A patient in shock has a falling blood pressure. What should the nurse realize occurs as the sympathetic nervous system responds to falling blood pressure? (Select all that apply.)

a. Blood glucose levels increase. b. Sodium and water are retained. e. Epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla. f. Blood is shunted away from the skin, kidneys, and intestines.

The spouse of a patient experiencing an acute MI does not understand why the patient is receiving morphine sulfate for pain. What should the nurse explain to the patient and spouse? (Select all that apply.)

a. Decreases anxiety b. Opens bronchioles c. Relieves chest pain d. Decreases preload and afterload

The nurse determines that a patient recovering from an acute MI is experiencing activity intolerance. What findings did the nurse use to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

a. Dizziness b. Extreme diaphoresis d. Heart rate 140 beats per minute e. 35 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure

A patient with a partial thickness burn wound is prescribed synthetic dressings. What should the nurse explain to the patient about this type of dressing? (Select all that apply.)

a. Easier to store b. Cost less to use c. Readily available d. Come in various shapes

The nurse is caring for a patient with extensive burns. For which systemic responses to the burn should the nurse monitor the patient? (Select all that apply.)

a. Hypovolemia b. Peptic ulceration e. Increased oxygen consumption f. Depression of immunoglobulins

The nurse determines that a patient with severely bleeding wounds does not have an adequate airway. What should the nurse do to help this patient? (Select all that apply.)

a. Insert an oral airway. b. Insert a nasal airway. d. Prepare for endotracheal intubation. e. Attempt the head tilt/chin lift method.

The nurse is caring for a patient with a cardiac history. Which actions should the nurse take when administering diltiazem (Cardizem)? (Select all that apply.)

a. Monitor for constipation. c. Monitor liver and renal functions during therapy. d. Notify physician if heart rate is less than 50 beats per minute. e. Obtain apical pulse and blood pressure before giving medication. f. Notify physician if blood pressure is less than 90 mm Hg systolic

The nurse explains procedures and treatments while caring for a patient in shock. Why should the nurse provide these explanations to the patient? (Select all that apply.)

a. Provide support b. Decrease anxiety

The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from cardioversion. For what should the nurse monitor in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

a. Skin burns b. Blood pressure d. Respiratory problems e. Rhythm disturbances f. Changes in ST segment

The nurse is monitoring a patient being for septic shock. Which findings indicate that the patient is improving? (Select all that apply.)

a. SpO2 94% c. Pulse 75 beats/minute e. Blood pressure 110/90 mm Hg

The nurse is assisting in the care of a patient with early signs and symptoms of shock. Which diagnostic tests should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

a. Urinalysis b. Chest x-ray c. Arterial blood gas d. Complete blood count f. Blood type and crossmatch

A patient who is apprehensive, gray, cold, and clammy reports pain that is as if an elephant is standing on my chest. The nurse should recognize that these manifestations indicate which health problem?

acute mi

A victim of a fire in a manufacturing plant is brought to the emergency department. The HCP suspects this victim has sustained an inhalation injury. Which tests should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

b. Bronchoscopy c. Arterial blood gases e. Carboxyhemoglobin level

The nurse is preparing to apply dressings to a patients partial-thickness burn wounds. What should the nurse keep in mind when applying these dressings? (Select all that apply.)

b. Elevate affected extremities. c. Limit the amount of dressing bulk. d. Wrap extremities from distal to proximal

The nurse is participating in the preparation of a seminar on coronary heart disease for a group of community members. What should modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis should the nurse include in this presentation? (Select all that apply.)

b. Hypertension c. Diabetes mellitus e. Increased serum iron levels f. Increased homocysteine levels

The nurse is contributing to a patients teaching plan. What should be included when teaching a patient about the use of nitroglycerin? (Select all that apply.)

b. Place tablet under the tongue. c. Rise slowly after taking tablet. d. Sit or lie down when taking tablet. e. Take before activity known to cause angina.

The nurse is assisting with the care of a patient admitted to the emergency department with chemical burns across the chest and hands. Which actions should be included in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

b. Remove all contaminated clothing. c. Cover the patient with a clean sheet. e. Obtain a history of the event and burning agent. f. Provide copious tepid water lavage for 20 minutes.

A patient is developing anaphylactic shock. What should the nurse expect to observe in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

b. Urticaria c. Bronchospasm e. Laryngeal edema

The nurse is preparing to apply a nitroglycerin patch to a patient with stable angina. What actions should the nurse take when providing this medication? (Select all that apply.)

b. Wear gloves when applying the patch. d. Remove the previous patch before applying a new one.

The nurse is collecting data on a patient with an aortic aneurysm. Which manifestation should the nurse expect to find?

back pain

The nurse is caring for a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which statement indicates that the patient understands this condition?

c. An outpouching in the wall of an artery.

The nurse determines that a patient with hypovolemic shock is improving. What did the nurse observe to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

c. Present of peripheral pulses d. Systolic blood pressure increasing

The nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a patient experiencing chest pain for 7 hours. The laboratory tests reveal elevated troponin I and myoglobin levels. What action should the nurse take when caring for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

c. Provide rest in bed or chair. e. Provide bedpan for elimination.

The nurse is assisting with the care of a patient with an MI. Which specialized diet should the nurse

clear liquid

A patient is brought to the emergency room by a daughter who reports that the patient has had multiple episodes of chest pain in the past few days and has refused to seek care. The patient states, I feel fine and the pain has only lasted for brief periods. The nurse recognizes that the patient is most likely using which coping technique?

denial

The nurse is monitoring a patient who has been in a shock state for several days. For which serious complications should the nurse observe in the patient and then report? (Select all that apply.)

e. Adult respiratory distress syndrome f. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient with brown, leathery, edematous ankles and increased pain when sitting. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

elevate legs on pillow

A patient with a history of angina has several medications prescribed. Which medication should the nurse administer when the patient reports chest pain?

nitro sl

A patient who develops chest pain says the pain is a 9 on a scale of 0 to 10. Which action should the nurse take?

notify the rn

A patient who develops chest pain that radiates down the left arm has all of these measures prescribed. Which one should the nurse do first?

oxygen 2 l

A patient in shock is being transported to the nearest emergency department. Upon arrival in which order should the nurse provide care? Place the actions in the order that they should be performed.

securing an airway, ensure breathing, monitor heart rate and blood pressure, apply pressure to bleeding wounds, assess level of consciousness, and prepare for x-rays and other diagnostic tests.

The nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a patient with Buergers disease on the most important modifiable risk factor. Which risk factor should the patient state that indicates teaching has been effective?

smoking

The nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a patient with coronary artery disease. Which risk factor for an MI should be included in this patients teaching plan?

stress