Chapter 1

During anthropological fieldwork, cultural anthropologists

learn the local language, record people's economic transactions, and study how environmental changes affect agriculture

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is referred to as

natural selection

Research that involves interviews, observations, images, objects, and words is a __________ study.

qualitative

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because

the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to

the people or species they study

Contemporary cultural anthropologists rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced" to categorize human diversity.

False

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is

a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practices is called

cultural anthropology

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is called

cultural relativism

Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called

ethnocentrism

The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called

linguistic anthropology

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out

The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called

archaeology

The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called

biological anthropology

Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as

proof of their primitive nature

Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing

quantitative data

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

the Industrial Revolution