Chapter 1
During anthropological fieldwork, cultural anthropologists
learn the local language, record people's economic transactions, and study how environmental changes affect agriculture
The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is referred to as
natural selection
Research that involves interviews, observations, images, objects, and words is a __________ study.
qualitative
Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because
the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture
The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to
the people or species they study
Contemporary cultural anthropologists rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced" to categorize human diversity.
False
A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is
a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience
The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practices is called
cultural anthropology
The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is called
cultural relativism
Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called
ethnocentrism
The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called
linguistic anthropology
Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?
anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out
The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called
archaeology
The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called
biological anthropology
Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as
proof of their primitive nature
Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing
quantitative data
What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?
the Industrial Revolution
