Advanced Math Vocabulary
Algebraic Expression
An expression that contains at least one variable
Associative Property
Changing the grouping of numbers will NOT change the value. For example: (7 + 4) + 8 = 7 + (4 + 8) also works with multiplication
Corresponding Sides
Sides that are in the same relative position with in two figures
Absolute Value
The distance a number is from zero on a number line
Reciprocal
The inverse of a fraction; when multiplied by the original fraction, it results in a product that equals one
Rate of Change
a rate describing how one quantity changes in relation to another
Unit Rate
a rate that has a denominator of 1
Variable
a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity
Proportion
an equation that states that two ratios are equal
Corresponding Angles
matching angles of two or more polygons
Cross Product
method used to solve proportions and test if two ratios are equal
Commutative Property
states you can add or multiply in any order
Input
the value substituted into an expression or function
Base
when a number is raised to a power, the number that is used as the factor
Coordinate Plane
A coordinate system formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line, called the x-axis, and a vertical number line, called the y-axis.
Scale Model
A model of an object in which the dimensions are in proportion to the actual dimensions of the object.
Power
A number produced by raising a base to an exponent
Rational Number
A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b is not equal to 0
Ordered Pair
A pair of numbers that give the location of a point on a grid.
Rate
A ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units
Constant
A value that does not change
Similar Figures
Figures that have the same shape but different sizes; their sides are proportional, while their corresponding angles are equal
Inverse Operations
Operations that do the exact opposite of each other; they undo each other (addition and subtraction, for example)
Equivalent Ratios
Ratios that have the same value.
Exponent
The number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor
Additive Inverse
The opposite of a number; the other number that is the same distance from zero on the number line
Division Property of Equality
The property that states that if you divide both sides of an equation by the same nonzero number, the new equation will have the same solution
Multiplication Property of Equality
The property that states that if you multiply both sides of an equation by the same number, the new equation will have the same solution
Multiplicative Inverse
The reciprocal of a number
Integers
The set of whole numbers and their opposites
Identity Property
The sum of 0 and any number is the number. The product of 1 and any number is the number.
Evaluate
To find the value of a numerical or algebraic expression
Relatively Prime
When two or more numbers only share 1 as a common factor.
Ratio
a comparison of two numbers by division
Scale Drawing
a drawing that uses a scale to represent an object as smaller or larger than the original object
Linear Function
a function in which the graph of the solutions forms a line
Equation
a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal
Distributive Property
a property indicating a special way in which multiplication is applied to addition of two or more numbers in which each term inside a set of parentheses can be multiplied by a factor outside the parentheses, such as a(b + c) = ab + ac
Linear Equation
an equation whose graph is a line.
Numerical Expression
an expression that includes numbers and operations
Function
an input-output relationship that has exactly one output for each input
Equivalent Fractions
fractions that have different numerators and denominators, but have the same value
Subtraction Property of Equality
if you subtract the same number from each side of an equation, the two sides remain equal
Constant of Variation
k in y=Kx
Coefficient
number in front of a variable
Term
numbers and variables separated in an expression by a + or -
Quadrant
one of four sections into which the coordinate plane is divided
x-axis
the horizontal number line in a coordinate plane
Order of Operations
the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponets 3. multiplication and divison 4. addition and subtraction
Origin
the point of intersection of coordinate axes, the point (0,0) where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect in a coordinate plane
Additon Property of Equality
the property that states if you add the same number to both sides of an equation the new equation will have the same solution. x+7 +2 =5 + 2 2 is ADDED to both sides
Scale
the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it
Scale Factor
the ratio used to enlarge or reduce similar figures
Slope
the steepness of a line on a graph, equal to its vertical change divided by its horizontal change, the steepness of a line, equal to the ratio of a vertical change to the corresponding horizontal change
Indirect Measurement
the technique of using similar figures and proportions to find a measure.
Output
the value that results from the substitution of a given input into an expression or function
y-axis
the vertical number line in a coordinate plane
Inverse Variation
y=k/x or xy=k
Direct Variation
y=kx