Advanced Math Vocabulary

Algebraic Expression

An expression that contains at least one variable

Associative Property

Changing the grouping of numbers will NOT change the value. For example: (7 + 4) + 8 = 7 + (4 + 8) also works with multiplication

Corresponding Sides

Sides that are in the same relative position with in two figures

Absolute Value

The distance a number is from zero on a number line

Reciprocal

The inverse of a fraction; when multiplied by the original fraction, it results in a product that equals one

Rate of Change

a rate describing how one quantity changes in relation to another

Unit Rate

a rate that has a denominator of 1

Variable

a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity

Proportion

an equation that states that two ratios are equal

Corresponding Angles

matching angles of two or more polygons

Cross Product

method used to solve proportions and test if two ratios are equal

Commutative Property

states you can add or multiply in any order

Input

the value substituted into an expression or function

Base

when a number is raised to a power, the number that is used as the factor

Coordinate Plane

A coordinate system formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line, called the x-axis, and a vertical number line, called the y-axis.

Scale Model

A model of an object in which the dimensions are in proportion to the actual dimensions of the object.

Power

A number produced by raising a base to an exponent

Rational Number

A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b is not equal to 0

Ordered Pair

A pair of numbers that give the location of a point on a grid.

Rate

A ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units

Constant

A value that does not change

Similar Figures

Figures that have the same shape but different sizes; their sides are proportional, while their corresponding angles are equal

Inverse Operations

Operations that do the exact opposite of each other; they undo each other (addition and subtraction, for example)

Equivalent Ratios

Ratios that have the same value.

Exponent

The number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor

Additive Inverse

The opposite of a number; the other number that is the same distance from zero on the number line

Division Property of Equality

The property that states that if you divide both sides of an equation by the same nonzero number, the new equation will have the same solution

Multiplication Property of Equality

The property that states that if you multiply both sides of an equation by the same number, the new equation will have the same solution

Multiplicative Inverse

The reciprocal of a number

Integers

The set of whole numbers and their opposites

Identity Property

The sum of 0 and any number is the number. The product of 1 and any number is the number.

Evaluate

To find the value of a numerical or algebraic expression

Relatively Prime

When two or more numbers only share 1 as a common factor.

Ratio

a comparison of two numbers by division

Scale Drawing

a drawing that uses a scale to represent an object as smaller or larger than the original object

Linear Function

a function in which the graph of the solutions forms a line

Equation

a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal

Distributive Property

a property indicating a special way in which multiplication is applied to addition of two or more numbers in which each term inside a set of parentheses can be multiplied by a factor outside the parentheses, such as a(b + c) = ab + ac

Linear Equation

an equation whose graph is a line.

Numerical Expression

an expression that includes numbers and operations

Function

an input-output relationship that has exactly one output for each input

Equivalent Fractions

fractions that have different numerators and denominators, but have the same value

Subtraction Property of Equality

if you subtract the same number from each side of an equation, the two sides remain equal

Constant of Variation

k in y=Kx

Coefficient

number in front of a variable

Term

numbers and variables separated in an expression by a + or -

Quadrant

one of four sections into which the coordinate plane is divided

x-axis

the horizontal number line in a coordinate plane

Order of Operations

the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponets 3. multiplication and divison 4. addition and subtraction

Origin

the point of intersection of coordinate axes, the point (0,0) where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect in a coordinate plane

Additon Property of Equality

the property that states if you add the same number to both sides of an equation the new equation will have the same solution. x+7 +2 =5 + 2 2 is ADDED to both sides

Scale

the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it

Scale Factor

the ratio used to enlarge or reduce similar figures

Slope

the steepness of a line on a graph, equal to its vertical change divided by its horizontal change, the steepness of a line, equal to the ratio of a vertical change to the corresponding horizontal change

Indirect Measurement

the technique of using similar figures and proportions to find a measure.

Output

the value that results from the substitution of a given input into an expression or function

y-axis

the vertical number line in a coordinate plane

Inverse Variation

y=k/x or xy=k

Direct Variation

y=kx