AEMT Pre-final
Common hazards associated with a structural fire include all of the following, EXCEPT : a. the risk of building collapse b. CO2 deficiency c. high ambient temp. d. decreased oxygen availability
b. CO2 deficiency
Increased myocardial contractility secondary to stretching of the myocardial walls is called the : a. Frank-Beck mechanism b. Frank-Starling effect c. Beck-Cushing reflex d. Ernest-Henry effect
b. Frank-Starling effect
A young female complains of acute pain located in the LLQ of her abdomen. When palpating her abdomen for tenderness, and rigidity, you should first palpate the : a. LUQ b. RLQ c. LLQ d. RUQ
b. RLQ
A biphasic response to an antigen occurs when: A. the acute response is sustained despite appropriate care. B. an acute response is followed later by a delayed response. C. there is no acute response but a delayed response hours later. D. the acute response is rapidly corrected by the immune system.
b. an acute response is followed later by a delayed response
You respond to a call at a residence for a "man down". Your primary survey reveals that the patient is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. His wife tells you that he has recently had the flu, and that he collapsed about 10 minutes ago. You should : a. begin CPR, insert a King airway, and request a paramedic unit b. begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available c. begin CPR, start an IV, and give a 20-mL/kg fluid bolus d. elevate the patient's legs, begin CPR, and attach an AED
b. begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available
Neonates are defined as children : a. during the first few hours of life b. between birth and 1 month of age c. who weigh at least 5.5 pounds d. who are at least 1 month premature
b. between birth and 1 month of age
Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would most likely be observed in a patient with : a. conjunctivitis b. retinitis c. a brain injury d. contact lenses
c. a brain injury
Which of the following conditions would result in the most rapid loss of consciousness? a. ketoacidosis b. blood glucose of 200 mg/dL c. acute hypoglycemia d. diabetic coma
c. acute hypoglycemia
Hemostasis is a natural response of the body in which: A. bleeding spontaneously clots through vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. B. all body systems work together to maintain stability of the internal environment. C. blood is diverted away from the skin to areas where it is needed the most. D. platelets lose their ability to aggregate due to severe internal bleeding.
A. bleeding spontaneously clots through vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation
Severe aspirin toxicity would MOST likely cause: A. metabolic acidosis. B. metabolic alkalosis. C. respiratory acidosis. D. respiratory alkalosis.
A. metabolic acidosis.
Release of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is triggered by: A. stress. B. sleep. C. hypothermia. d. hyperglycemia
A. stress. During times of stress, the hypothalamus..... (the sm. region of the brain - not gland - that stands as the link between the endocrine system and the nervous system) .....secretes a hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release ACTH. ACTH targets the adrenal cortex and causes it to secrete cortisol (a glucocorticoid) Cortisol stimulates most body cells to increase their energy production
An over-the-needle catheter is commonly referred to as a/an: A. intracath. B. angiocath. C. butterfly catheter. D. arteriocath.
B. angiocath.
In the absence of obvious external trauma, an abdominal injury would be MOST difficult to assess for in a/an: A. intoxicated patient. B. unresponsive patient. C. hypovolemic patient. D. patient in severe pain .
B. unresponsive patient. The most common complaint with abdominal injuries is pain. The most common sign of a significant abdominal injury is tachycardia, proceeded w/ shock symptoms
To minimize the amount of brain-cell damage that occurs following an ischemic stroke, fibrinolytic therapy must be administered within: A. 3 hours after the call is received. B. 2 hours after assessing the patient. C. 3 hours after the onset of symptoms. D. 2 hours after arriving at the hospital.
C. 3 hours after the onset of symptoms.
AEMT training follows National EMS Standards, as recommended by the: A. National Association of EMTs B. State EMS office or EMS regulatory agency. C. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. D. National Registry of EMTs
C. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
The removal of particles from a solution by allowing the liquid portion to pass through a membrane or other partial barrier is called : A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. filtration. D. bioavailability.
C. filtration.
Fracture of the first and second ribs following severe blunt trauma would MOST likely result in a: A. massive hemothorax. B. myocardial contusion. C. tracheobronchial injury. D. pericardial tamponade.
C. tracheobronchial injury.
Although the alveoli become enlarged, elderly people have difficulty expelling used air from the lungs because of: A. sustained vasoconstriction of the alveolar-capillary vessels. B. decreased alveolar tension secondary to increased surfactant. C. frequent consolidation of infectious material in the alveoli. D. decreased alveolar elasticity secondary to decreased surfactant.
D. decreased alveolar elasticity secondary to decreased surfactant.
As an AEMT, you may legally restrain a patient if he or she: A. is under the influence of a CNS depressant drug. B. is acutely intoxicated and verbally abusive to you. C. refuses to allow you to begin treatment or transport. D. presents harm to you, your partner, or bystanders.
D. presents harm to you, your partner, or bystanders
One meter equals how many millimeters? a. 1,000 b. 10,000 c. 100 d. 10
a. 1,000
Which of the following patients should be assigned an immediate (red tag) category? a. 22-yr old M w/ blunt abdominal trauma, tachycardia, pallor, and diaphoresis b. 31-yr old M w/ an open fracture to the forearm and minimal external bleeding c. 29-yr old F w/ a back injury and numbness and tingling in her extremities d. 36-yr old F w/ an open brain injury, agonal breathing, and a slow pulse rate
a. 22-yr old M w/ blunt abdominal trauma, tachycardia, pallor, and diaphoresis
The high normal body temperature for an infant is : a. 99.6 b. 97.9 c. 98.5 d. 100.3
a. 99.6 INFANT = age 1 month - 1 year (Neonates are birth - 1 month) Normal temperature ranges 96.8*F - 99.6*F BP usually = 85 - 104 mmHg (increased since birth) HR usually = 120 beats/min (at birth 90-205 bpm) Resp. usually = 20 - 30 breaths/min (slows from birth which was 30-60)
After inserting the needle into the injection port of a saline lock, you pull back on the plunger and observe blood return in the syringe. You should next : a. administer the medication and observe for infiltration b. removed the needle and prepare a new syringe c. administer the medication via IM injection instead d. flush the saline lock w/ normal saline before giving the drug
a. administer the medication and observe for infiltration
A foreign substance stimulates the body's immune response is called a(n) : a. antigen b. antibody c. histamine d. leukotriene
a. antigen
The hypoxic drive, a backup system to control breathing, is stimulated when : a. arterial PaO2 levels decrease b. arterial PaCO2 levels increase c. arterial PaO2 levels increase d. arterial PaCO2 levels decrease
a. arterial PaO2 levels decrease
Under what circumstance is a left ventricular assist device used? a. as a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located b. to reduce ventricular pumping force in patients with aortic aneurysms c. to ensure that the ventricles contract at an adequate and consistent rate d. to permanently replace the function of one or both of the ventricles
a. as a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located May be difficult to palpate a pulse on these patients so assess perfusion by noting the LOC, skin color, temp., moisture and BP
A lack of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide in the body that results in unconsciousness is called : a. asphyxia b. hypoxia c. hypoxemia d. hypercarbia
a. asphyxia - hypoxia : body's tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen - hypoxemia : deficiency of oxygen in arterial blood - hypercarbia : (aka hypercapnia) excess of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves arise from the : a. autonomic nervous system b. somatic nervous system c. adrenal nervous system d. voluntary nervous system
a. autonomic nervous system - somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control, such as walking, talking, and writing
The part of hemoglobin that the body does not recycle is converted to __________, which is a waste product that undergoes further metabolism in the liver. a. bilirubin b. creatinine c. uric acid d. phosphorous
a. bilirubin
A fracture of the orbital bone is commonly referred to as a : a. blowout fracture b. basilar fracture c. midface fracture d. Le Fort fracture
a. blowout fracture
Patients with emphysema : a. breathe through pursed lips and may develop polycythemia b. produce excess RBCs and maintain low CO2 levels c. grunt when they breathe and maintain high arterial O2 levels d. develop polycythemia and often grunt during exhalation
a. breathe through pursed lips and may develop polycythemia
Spina bifida is most accurately defined as : a. congenital inflammation of the spinal cord, usually in the neck b. a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column c. chronic pressure on the brain caused by excess cerebrospinal fluid d. a birth defect in which the child is born w/o spinal vertebrae
a. congenital inflammation of the spinal cord, usually in the neck
Which of the following is a late sign of a tension pneumothorax? a. contralateral tracheal shift b. narrowing pulse pressure c. profound shortness of breath d. bulging intercostal muscles
a. contralateral tracheal shift
After an adv. airway has been inserted during two-rescuer CPR, you should : a. deliver ventilations at a rate of 10 breaths per minute b. pause compressions to deliver ventilations c. decrease the compression rate to about 80 per minute d. increase rescue breathing to a rate of 12 breaths/min
a. deliver ventilations at a rate of 10 breaths per minute
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass the alveocapillary membrane through a process called : a. diffusion b. osmosis c. perfusion d. metabolism
a. diffusion
When assessing a 70-yr old male with suspected internal bleeding, which of the following findings would be most pertinent? a. dizziness or syncope upon standing b. a history of controlled hypertension c. the patient regularly takes Tylenol d. a history of trauma six months ago
a. dizziness or syncope upon standing
Kussmaul respirations indicate that the respiratory system is : a. excreting ketones from the blood b. removing lactic acid from the body c. compensating for severe hypoxia d. trying to lower the blood's pH
a. excreting ketones from the blood
Signs of cerebral herniation include : a. extensor posturing b. combativeness c. pupillary constriction d. flexor posturing
a. extensor posturing
Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT : a. forceful coughing b. grasping the throat c. acute cyanosis d. inability to speak
a. forceful coughing
The _____________ layer is located at the base of the epidermis, and continuously produces new cells that gradually rise to the surface a. germinal b. stratum corneal c. subcutaneous d. mucous membrane
a. germinal one of two layers of the epidermis; has a blood supply - below the germinal layer is the dermis - stratum corneal : one of two layers of the epidermis - dead layer of skin; no blood supply. located above the germinal layer - subcutaneous : tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body
Blunt or penetrating trauma can be especially lethal in pregnant patients because the : a. gravid uterus is highly vascular b. fetus can sustain serious injury c. vital signs usually remain normal d. uterus descends into the pelvis
a. gravid uterus is highly vascular
When inserting an IV into the external jugular vein, you should : a. insert the catheter w/ the tip pointing toward the shoulder b. ensure that the pt is sitting in a fully upright position c. use the same technique that you use for any other IV d. insert the catheter w/ the tip pointing toward the head
a. insert the catheter w/ the tip pointing toward the shoulder
Immediate transport for a child w/ diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is critical because : a. insulin can only be given at the hospital b. the child will require IV rehydration c. airway mgmt. if often difficult d. he or she desperately needs glucose
a. insulin can only be given at the hospital
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of : a. intracranial bleeding b. spinal cord injury c. a fracture of the skull d. airway compromise
a. intracranial bleeding
To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should : a. keep the weight as close to your body as possible b. use a direct carry whenever possible c. flex at the waist instead of the hips d. avoid the use of log rolls or body drags
a. keep the weight as close to your body as possible
A 29-yo woman, who is 35 wks pregnant, is in cardiac arrest. You should : a. manually displace her uterus to the left b. defibrillate only one time with the AED c. deliver each rescue breath over 2 to 3 seconds d. perform chest compressions at a faster rate
a. manually displace her uterus to the left
The preferred device to use when administering supplemental oxygen to hypoxic patients with adequate tidal volume is the : a. nonrebreathing mask b. nasal cannula c. simple face mask d. partial rebreathing mask
a. nonrebreathing mask
According to the START triage system, what should you do if you encounter an unresponsive patient who is not breathing? a. open the airway and reassess breathing b. assign the patient in the "immediate" category c. triage the patient as "expectant" and move on d. ventilate the patient for 2 minutes and reassess
a. open the airway and reassess breathing
Which of the following statements regarding gastrostomy (gastric) tubes is correct? a. patient's with a gastrostomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration b. most gastrostomy tubes are temporary and are not sutured in place c. gastrostomy tubes are used for patients who cannot digest food d. gastrostomy tubes are placed directly into the small intestine
a. patient's with a gastrostomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration
Past brain trauma is an example of a(n) __________ cause of a seizure a. structural b. metabolic c. epileptic d. idiopathic
a. structural - idiopathic : seizure of no known cause
A 4-yr old boy pulled a pot of boiling water from the stovetop. He has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his head, left anterior trunk, and entire left arm. On the basis of the "rule of nines", what percentage of this child's body surface area (BSA) has been burned? a. 36% b. 30% c. 45% d. 27%
b. 30%
When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to : a. tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings b. allow a service dog to remain with the patient at all times, even if the patient is critically ill c. stand to the side of the patient when speaking if his or her peripheral vision is impaired d. leave items such as canes and walkers at the residence if the patient will be carried on a gurney
a. tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings
When assessing a patient who has fractured his or her mid shaft clavicle, you should expect to find swelling, point tenderness, and : a. tenting over the fracture site b. distal neuromuscular deficit c. abduction of the arm d. a localized zone of injury
a. tenting over the fracture site
The reference used as a base for your initial actions at a HazMat incident is : a. the Emergency Response Guidebook b. the materials safety data sheet (MSDS) c. your local EMS protocols d. the bill of lading
a. the Emergency Response Guidebook
Which of the following conditions or injuries would most likely require transfer to a special facility? a. thermal burns b. severe headache c. abdominal pain d. open fracture
a. thermal burns
Which of the following statements regarding the 12 cranial nerves is correct? a. they arise from the brain and innervate the head and face b. their primary function is to send messages to and from the brain c. they branch out from between each of the spinal vertebrae d. all twelve nerves exit the brain through the foramen magnum
a. they arise from the brain and innervate the head and face
A parasympatholytic drug blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system by : a. antagonizing sympathetic receptors and blocking the release of epinephrine b. bind to receptors and blocking the release of acetylcholine c. increasing the effects of the sympathetic nervous system d. agonizing parasympathetic receptors so they may exert their effect
b. bind to receptors and blocking the release of acetylcholine
Which of the following lists, in the correct order, the return of blood from the systemic circulation to the heart? a. capillaries, arterioles, arteries, aorta b. capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava c. arterioles, capillaries, arteries, aorta d. venules, capillaries, veins, vena cava
b. capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava
Which of the following is not a form of a liquid drug? a. solution b. capsule c. suspension d. emulsion
b. capsule
When using lights and siren, most state laws permit an ambulance to : a. proceed through red lights w/o stopping b. carefully exceed the posted speed limited c. disregard all traffic control signals d. drive as fast as the department allows
b. carefully exceed the posted speed limited
You are dispatched to a residence for a 5-yr old child w/ fever. During your assessment, the child becomes irritable and starts crying. You should : a. carefully restrain the child and continue your assessment b. encourage a parent or caregiver to hold the child c. limit your assessment to a visual inspection of the child d. ask the parent or caregiver to leave the room
b. encourage a parent or caregiver to hold the child
When responding to the scene of a patient who has possibly overdosed on a drug, your primary responsibility is to : a. rapidly assess the patient b. ensure that you are safe c. identify the drug involved d. notify law enforcement
b. ensure that you are safe
As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or WMD incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then : a. carefully inspect the area for the presence of secondary explosive devices b. function as the IC until additional personnel arrive c. direct your partner to begin triaging patients as you call medical control d. remain where you are until additional ambulances arrive at the scene
b. function as the IC until additional personnel arrive
Assessment of a patient's pelvis is appropriately performed by : a. using a slight rocking motion b. gently compressing it inward c. firmly compressing to elicit crepitus d. pushing inward while lifting the patient
b. gently compressing it inward
Severe hyperkalemia can result in : a. decreased muscle function b. hyper stimulation of neural transmission c. severe dehydration as a result of water loss d. gastrointestinal disturbances
b. hyper stimulation of neural transmission
The femoral artery gives rise to all of the following arteries, except the : a. popliteal arteries b. iliac arteries c. posterior tibial arteries d. dorsalis pedis arteries
b. iliac arteries
A hiker was injured when he fell approx. 20 ft from a cliff. When you arrive at the scene, a member of the technical rescue group escorts you to the patient, who is positioned on a steep incline. The most appropriate method of immobilizing and moving the pt to the ambulance is to : a. apply a vest-style immobilization device and move him using a stair chair device b. immobilize his spine w/ a long backboard and place him in a basket stretcher c. immobilize him to a long backboard and use the 4-person carry to move him d. immobilize him w/ a short backboard and place him on the ambulance stretcher
b. immobilize his spine w/ a long backboard and place him in a basket stretcher
In contrast to a cerebral concussion, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) : a. is generally associated w/ better clinical outcomes b. involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of cerebral nerve fibers c. occurs when the brain is jarred around in the skull d. causes cerebral dysfunction that typically resolves spontaneously
b. involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of cerebral nerve fibers
A patient experiencing status epilepticus : a. typically maintains bowel and bladder continence b. is having a prolonged generalized motor seizure c. has a return of consciousness in between seizures d. commonly has a therapeutic anticonvulsant level
b. is having a prolonged generalized motor seizure During seizures, neurons are in a hyper metabolic state (using large amounts of glucose and producing lactic acid)
Approx. 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during a. rear end collisions b. lateral collisions c. frontal collisions d. rollover collisions
b. lateral collisions
A 29-yo M has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. He is conscious and alert w/ adequate breathing. The most appropriate care for this pt includes : a. applying a gauze pad in between his lower lip and gum b. leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together c. packing the nasopharynx w/ moist, sterile dressings d. placing him supine and pinching his nostrils together
b. leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together
Which of the following conditions would be least likely to result in cerebral hypoxia? a. heroin/opioid overdose b. methamphetamine overdose c. muscular dystrophy d. acute pulmonary edema
b. methamphetamine overdose
What is the term used to describe the examination of the body functions of the living organism ? a. anatomy b. pathophysiology c. pathogenesis d. physiology
b. pathophysiology
Pathologic fractures are typically caused by all of the following, except : a. minor injury force b. previous fractures c. osteoporosis d. bone cancer
b. previous fractures
A direct relationship between a patient's injury and the AEMT's actions or inaction is called : a. slander b. proximate cause c. libel d. gross negligence
b. proximate cause - slander : false and damaging info. about a person that is comm. by the spoken word - libel : false and damaging info. about a person that is comm. in writing - gross negligence : conduct that constitutes a willful or reckless disregard for a duty or standard of care
Systemic vascular resistance is the resistance to blood flow within all the blood vessels, except the : a. mesenteric vessels b. pulmonary vessels c. coronary vessels d. cerebral vessels
b. pulmonary vessels
In addition to obtaining a SAMPLE history and asking questions related to the chief complaint, what else should you inquire about when assessing a patient with a potentially infectious disease? a. drug allergies b. recent travel c. sexual practices d. HIV status
b. recent travel
After blood diffuses across the capillary membrane and perfuses the cells, it : a. returns carbon dioxide to the left side of the heart, starting with the veins b. returns wastes products to the right side of the heart, starting w/ the venules c. drops of CO2 and returns oxygenated blood to the heart d. forms lactic and pyretic acids that are used by the cells to form energy
b. returns wastes products to the right side of the heart, starting w/ the venules
When working at the scene of a MVA at night, you should not use : a. portable floodlights b. road flares c. reflective vests d. intermittent flashing devices
b. road flares
Life-long immunity would MOST likely occur after a patient is infected with : a. chickenpox b. rubella c. syphilis d. HIV
b. rubella
Which of the following is physical change that typically occurs in the early adolescent age group? a. the systolic BP decreases b. secondary sexual development begins c. the normal HR steadily increases d. muscle and bone growth both decrease
b. secondary sexual development begins
You are performing a rapid assessment on a 30-yr old male who was involved in a MVA. The pt is conscious, but restless. He complains of difficulty breathing and chest pain. Your assessment reveals diminished breath sounds in the left hemithorax and normal jugular veins. His BP is 124/64 mmHg, HR is 120 and regular, and resp. are 26 breaths/min and shallow. Which of the following injuries should you suspect? a. moderate hemothorax b. simple pneumothorax c. tension pneumothorax d. myocardial contusion
b. simple pneumothorax
Which of the following is an example of regional equipment or supplies ? a. oral glucose b. snake bite kit c. bronchodilator d. vacuum splint
b. snake bite kit
A hypertonic fluid deficit occurs when there is water loss in the body w/o a proportionate loss of : a. chloride b. sodium c. calcium d. potassium
b. sodium
The ______________, which is present whoever a nerve cell terminates, connects to the next cell via ________________. a. neuron, catecholamines b. synapse, neurotransmitters c. axon, catecholamines d. dendrite, nerve fibers
b. synapse, neurotransmitters
When cellular perfusion is diminished : a. decreased lactic acid production causes the pH to fall significantly resulting in alkalosis b. the post capillary sphincters remain constricted, causing the capillaries to engorge w/ fluid c. the cells convert to aerobic metabolism, the byproducts of which are carbon dioxide and water d. the precapillary sphincters constrict in response to lactic acid buildup and vasomotor failure
b. the post capillary sphincters remain constricted, causing the capillaries to engorge w/ fluid
A 4-yr old F has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should : a. thoroughly flush her ear w/ sterile saline b. transport her to the emergency department c. remove the peanut w/ a cotton-tipped swab d. use tweezers to try to remove the object
b. transport her to the emergency department
An external defibrillator vest : a. is used for long-term cardiac arrest prevention b. uses high-energy shocks similar to an AED c. has wires that are surgically imbedded in the heart d. does not allow the AEMT to perform CPR
b. uses high-energy shocks similar to an AED
Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct? a. it is not possible to perform an emergency move without injuring the patient b. the spine must be fully immobilized prior to performing an emergency move c. an emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment d. the pt is dragged against the body's long axis during an emergency move
c. an emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment
The first two cervical vertebrae, in order, are called : a. axis and dens b. dens and odontoid c. atlas and axis d. odontoid and atlas
c. atlas and axis
Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves : a. abdominal thrusts b. high-flow oxygen c. back blows d. blind finger sweeps
c. back blows
When assessing the pt for peripheral edema, you should check the sacral area if the pt is : a. semireclined b. sitting up c. bedridden d. ambulatory
c. bedridden
Other than personal safety equipment, which of the following should be the MOST readily accessible item in the back of an ambulance? a. emergency childbirth kit b. vest-style extrication device c. bleeding control supplies d. stethoscope and penlight
c. bleeding control supplies
Which of the following physiologic responses occurs during irreversible shock? a. the sympathetic nervous system vigorously compensates b. respiratory rate and depth markedly increase to maintain oxygenation c. blood is shunted from the liver and kidneys to the brain and heart d. arterial BP is maintained by constriction of the vasculature
c. blood is shunted from the liver and kidneys to the brain and heart
Which of the following conditions would be the least likely cause of mental incapacitation? a. hypoxia and hypercarbia b. CNS-depressant drugs c. chronic hyperthyroidism d. acute hypoglycemia
c. chronic hyperthyroidism Symptoms do not include altered mental status
Law enforcement requests your assistance at a local nightclub for a pt who was assaulted. upon arrival, an officer escorts you to the pt, a 21-yr old M, who is bleeding severely from a lacerated brachial artery. The pt is conscious and is screaming in pain. You should immediately : a. ensure the pt's airway is patent b. apply 100% supplemental oxygen c. control the bleeding w/ direct pressure d. manually stabilize the pt's head
c. control the bleeding w/ direct pressure
Which of the following is an example of acquired immunity ? a. born w/ specific antigens b. desensitized following a bite or sting c. desensitized w/ a vaccination d. sensitized to a specific antigen
c. desensitized w/ a vaccination
The mandible, tongue, epiglottis, and thyroid cartilage attach to the: A. vallecula. B. cricoid ring. C. hyoid bone. D. pyriform fossae.
c. hyoid bone - pyriform fosse (aka pyriform sinus) : the pear-shaped passage that flanks the side of the larynx, or voice box. It is a component of the structure in the body responsible for speech - cricoid ring : the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. Articulates superiorly with the they thyroid cartilage - vallecula : a depression just behind the root of the tongue between the folds of the throat. "spit traps" - saliva is temporarily held in the vallecula to prevent initiation of the swallowing reflex
The most serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is : a. ceasing patient anxiety or fear b. unnecessarily wasting time c. injury to you or your patient d. confusion among team members
c. injury to you or your patient
Which of the following assessment findings is most indicative of a cardiovascular problem? a. use of the accessory muscles b. palpable pain to the epigastrium c. jugular vein distention d. unequal breath sounds
c. jugular vein distention
Most of the heart lies within the : a. left hemithorax b. right hemithorax c. mediastinum d. pleural cavity
c. mediastinum
While assessing a 32-yr old M w/ an acute behavioral crisis, he asks to go to into the kitchen to get something to eat. You should : a. leave the scene immediately and notify law enforcement b. ask him if he will allow you to accompany him c. not allow him to leave the area w/o a police escort d. tell him that he will get something to eat at the hospital
c. not allow him to leave the area w/o a police escort
The protein coat surrounding the core of a virus protects it from : a. antiviral drugs b. replication c. phagocytosis d. antibodies
c. phagocytosis
A young male w/ sickle cell disease presents w/ chest pain, fever, and a cough. His vital signs are stable, although he is experiencing mild respiratory distress. You should suspect : a. acute aspiration b. a pneumothorax c. pneumonia d. an aplastic crisis
c. pneumonia
Which of the following clinical presentations is most indicative of a subdural hematoma? a. loss of consciousness immediately following a head injury and rapid deterioration of neurologic functions b. loss of consciousness following a head injury and a brief interval of dizziness and retrograde amnesia c. progressive deterioration of mental status and other neurologic function 2 days following a head injury d. no loss of consciousness immediately following a head injury and a frontal headache that is increasing in intensity
c. progressive deterioration of mental status and other neurologic function 2 days following a head injury
When introduced into the body, ricin causes? a. intestinal obstruction and severe sepsis b. enlarged lymph nodes and extreme pain c. pulmonary edema and circulatory failure d. necrosis of muscle tissue and cell destruction
c. pulmonary edema and circulatory failure
You had administered 25% dextrose to an 18-month old infant with a documented blood glucose reading of 35 mg/dL. Ten minutes later, you reassess the child's blood glucose level and note that it reads 75 mg/dL. You should : a. administer the appropriate dose of oral glucose b. repeat the 25% dextrose at the same dose and reassess c. reassess the child to determine if he is symptomatic d. give half of the original dose of 25% dextrose
c. reassess the child to determine if he is symptomatic
When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant : a. is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard b. will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle c. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force d. will most likely be thrown over the steering column
c. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with : a. abdominal pain b. headache c. respiratory distress d. high BP
c. respiratory distress
The kidneys lie within the : a. anterior abdomen b. LUQ c. retroperitoneal space d. RUQ
c. retroperitoneal space
In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child : a. becomes acutely anxious at the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings b. reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net c. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection d. clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted
c. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection
A 30-yo F was assaulted. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should : a. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask b. visualize her mouth for obvious wounds c. suction the blood from her oropharynx d. begin immediate ventilatory assistance
c. suction the blood from her oropharynx
On which of the following injuries would it be most appropriate to apply a traction splint? a. posterior bulge of the hip with intact circulation b. pain and crepitus upon palpation of the pelvis c. swelling and ecchymosis to the mid shaft femur d. deformity and swelling just proximal to the knee
c. swelling and ecchymosis to the mid shaft femur
You must be careful when speaking to the family members about a patient : a. they are not a reliable source of information b. it is a violation of the patient's rights c. the patient may misinterpret what you said d. the family may sue you for slander
c. the patient may misinterpret what you said
A 40-yr old pt has sustained circumferential burns to the chest. The most serious complication associated w/ this type of burn injury is : a. increased chest excursion b. compartment syndrome c. ventilatory insufficiency d. cardiac dysrhythmias
c. ventilatory insufficiency
Following a minor head injury, which of the following occurs more commonly in children than adults? a. convulsions b. aspiration c. vomiting d. unresponsiveness
c. vomiting the result of increased intracranial pressure
There is 0.5 mg/10mL of medication in a container. How many milligrams (mg) would you deliver if you administer 5 milliliters (mL)? a. 0.5 b. 5.0 c. 2.5 d. 0.25
d. 0.25
The dose of epinephrine, via auto-injector, for patients who weigh more than 33 pounds is : a. 1.5 mg b. 0.15 mg c. 3 mg d. 0.3 mg
d. 0.3 mg 0.15 mg is the Epi Jr. indicated for patients < 33 lbs (15 kg)
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? a. 6 - 8 months b. 24 - 36 months c. 18 - 24 months d. 10 - 18 months
d. 10 - 18 months
In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service? a. 50-yr old conscious woman w/ severe nausea and vomiting, fever, and chills of 3 days' duration b. 43-yr old man experiencing a heart attack, and the closest appropriate hospital is 15 minutes away c. 29-yr old woman who is 18 wks pregnant, has light vaginal bleeding, and stable vital signs d. 61-yr old man w/ signs and symptoms of a stroke and your ground-transport time is 50 minutes
d. 61-yr old man w/ signs and symptoms of a stroke and your ground-transport time is 50 minutes
Which of the following is a major anion in the body? a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Sodium d. Chloride
d. Chloride also Bicarbonate, and Phosphorous
Appropriate mgmt. for a conscious adult pt w/ acute abdominal pain, a BP of 80/50 mmHg, and a HR of 120 bpm, includes : a. elevating the lower extremities 12 - 15 inches b. increasing the BP to 120 mmHg c. fluids by mouth if the pt is not nauseated d. IV fluid boluses as needed to maintain perfusion
d. IV fluid boluses as needed to maintain perfusion
Which of the following statements regarding the persistency and volatility of a chemical agent is correct? a. sulfur mustard, a vesicant agent, is generally consider to have a low level of persistence b. sarin, a powerful nerve agent, is nonvolatile and can remain on a surface for long periods c. Lewisite, a vesicant agent, is nonvolatile and evaporates quickly in an optimum temp. d. VX, a highly persistent nerve agent, can remain in the environment for weeks to months
d. VX, a highly persistent nerve agent, can remain in the environment for weeks to months
You are assessing a middle-aged man who complains of nausea and a headache. Before you physically move closer to him, it is important to remember that : a. eye contact will likely make him uncomfortable b. he will take this as a sign of your compassion c. most people's intimate space is between 18 inches and 4 ft d. a greater sense of trust must be established first
d. a greater sense of trust must be established first
The least harmful form of ionizing radiation is : a. beat b. neutron c. gamma d. alpha
d. alpha
Which of the following medications or solutions can be administered through an intraosseous line ? a. hypertonic drugs and fluids only b. normal saline and hypotonic drugs only c. whole blood and cardiac medications only d. anything that you can administer via an IV
d. anything that you can administer via an IV
Which of the following causes of an acute abdomen would be least likely to present with fever? a. inflammation of the sm. pockets in the lrg. intestine b. acute cholecystitis caused by the presence of gallstones c. acute pancreatitis secondary to an infectious process d. appendicitis prior to rupture and abscess formation
d. appendicitis prior to rupture and abscess formation
According to the JumpSTART triage system, if an injured child has a respiratory rate of 50 breaths/min, you should : a. given oxygen via nonrebreathing mask b. begin assisting his ventilations c. determine his or her LOC d. assign him an immediate category
d. assign him an immediate category
You are transporting a 40-yo M who experienced blunt trauma to the side of his head. At the scene, he was conscious and alert and refused oxygen; however, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and his respirations have become irregular and shallow. You should : a. start a large-bore IV and deliver a 20mL/kg fluid bolus b. insert an adv. airway device immediately c. apply a nonrebreathing mask set at 15 L/min d. assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device
d. assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device
If a pt is hemorrhaging, he/she is : a. bleeding internally b. bleeding externally c. in severe shock d. bleeding
d. bleeding
A 67-yr old M complains of a burning sensation in his abdomen and hematemesis. During your assessment, you note pain to palpation of his LUQ; his vital signs are suggestive of shock. Which of the following conditions should you suspect? a. acute cholecystitis b. chronic hepatitis c. viral gastroenteritis d. bleeding peptic ulcer
d. bleeding peptic ulcer
The wrist is _________ to the elbow a. medial b. proximal c. lateral d. distal
d. distal
Which of the following substances are vital in the function of the sympathetic nervous system? a. aldosterone and dopamine b. cortisol and epinephrine c. aldosterone and cortisol d. epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. epinephrine and norepinephrine
McBurney point is an example of a(n) : a. synonym b. homonym c. antonym d. eponym
d. eponym : the name os a disease, device, procedure, or drug that is based on the person who invented, discovered, or first described it - homonym : pairs of words that are pronounced almost the same way but are spelled differently and have different meanings ex : ileum (the third portion of the small intestine) & ilium ( largest bone of the pelvis)
An anaphylactic reaction impairs effective breathing secondary to : a. catecholamine release b. diffuse alveolar collapse c. upper airway swelling d. excess fluid in the alveoli
d. excess fluid in the alveoli
You receive a call for a 66-year old female who was found unresponsive by her husband. Your primary survey reveals that the patient is responsive to painful stimuli and has rapid, shallow respirations. Her BP is 70/50 mmHg and her HR is 120 bpm and irregular. The patient's husband tells you that she complained of chest pressure the previous day, but would not allow him to call EMS. This patient is : a. likely experiencing an acute myocardial infection. She requires 100% oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and rapid transport b. significantly hypovolemic and requires 100% oxygen via nonrebreathing mask as well as several crystalloid fluid boluses c. in shock due to cardiac dysrhythmia and requires assisted ventilation as well as a 2-liter bolus of an isotonic crystalloid d. experiencing cariogenic shock and requires assisted ventilation, IV therapy, and rapid transport
d. experiencing cariogenic shock and requires assisted ventilation, IV therapy, and rapid transport
A 50-yr old male fell approx. 20 ft and landed on his side. He is conscious and alert and denies loss of consciousness. During your assessment, you not pain and crepitus when palpating the iliac crest. In addition to the potential for spinal injury, you should be most concerned about : a. the cause of the patient's fall b. neuromuscular compromise c. retroperitoneal injuries d. internal hemorrhaging
d. internal hemorrhaging
A patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she : a. is semiconscious, injured, and breathing adequately b. has experienced trauma but is breathing effectively c. has a pulse but is unconscious and breathing shallowly d. is unconscious, uninjured, and breathing adequately
d. is unconscious, uninjured, and breathing adequately
A hemostatic agent is useful in controlling external bleeding because : a. it stops the bleeding faster than a proximal tourniquet b. the gauze it is impregnated w/ can be wrapped tightly c. it constricts the blood vessels to stop the bleeding d. it causes enhanced clot formation at the wound site
d. it causes enhanced clot formation at the wound site
In most instances, a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order must meet which of the following requirements? a. it must be signed by at least three physicians b. it must be dated w/in the previous 24 months c. it must be signed by a close relative d. it must clearly state the patient's medical condition
d. it must clearly state the patient's medical condition
Common duties and responsibilities of EMS personnel at the scene of a motor vehicle crash include all of the following, EXCEPT : a. preparing all patients for transportation b. continual assessment of critical patients c. assigning all patients a triage category d. keeping bystanders at a safe distance
d. keeping bystanders at a safe distance
When using a body drag to pull a patient who is on the ground, you should : a. extend your elbows as far beyond your anterior torso as possible b. avoid situations involving strenuous effort lasting more than 5 minutes c. bend your back laterally to maximize your amount of pulling power d. kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over
d. kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over
A 50-yr old F is entrapped in her passenger car after it struck a tree. As the rescue team is preparing to extricate her, you quickly assess her and determine that she is breathing shallowly and that her radial pulse is absent. You should : a. secure her w/ a short backboard or vest deice b. stabilize her condition before extrication begins c. begin CPR as the rescue team begins extrication d. maintain spinal stabilization as she is extricated
d. maintain spinal stabilization as she is extricated
While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced : a. blunt trauma to the head b. open abdominal trauma c. lower-extremity fractures d. neck and facial injuries
d. neck and facial injuries
In which of the following types of shock would fluid-refractory hypotension most likely occur ? a. anaphylactic b. cardiogenic c. hypovolemic d. neurogenic
d. neurogenic as a result of the degree of vasodilation - anaphylactic - the result of widespread vasodilation causes distributive shock and blood vessels that continue to leak. Fluid leaks out of the blood vessels into the interstitial spaces, resulting in intravascular hypovolemia
Compared to the frontal region of the skull, the occiput is: A. anterior. B. exterior. C. inferior. D. posterior.
d. posterior
Which of the following clinical signs would suggest significant exposure to an anticholinergic substance? a. pupillary constriction b. severe hypotension c. excess salivation d. profound tachycardia
d. profound tachycardia
Lymphangitis is characterized by : a. redness and swelling of the wound b. pain and edema around the wound c. pus draining from the wound d. red streaks adjacent to the wound
d. red streaks adjacent to the wound
Which of the following statements regarding the elderly patient's nervous system is correct? a. short-term memory impairment is not simply the result of aging b. Alzheimer disease is the most common form of acute delirium c. Parkinson disease affects the cells in the sensory area of the brain d. reduction in brain size increases the risk of significant head trauma
d. reduction in brain size increases the risk of significant head trauma By age 80 yrs, a 10%-20% reduction in brain weight = larger area in the skull in which the brain has an enormous reserve capacity. Having a smaller, lighter brain does not generally interfere with the mental capabilities of productive older people
The degradation of dead muscle tissue is called : a. glycolysis b. crush syndrome c. hemolysis d. rhabdomyolysis
d. rhabdomyolysis
A predictable, yet adverse response to a drug, is called a/an: a. teratogenic response b. idiosyncrasy c. therapeutic effect d. side effect
d. side effect - teratogenic : poses a risk to the normal development or health of the unborn baby - idiosyncrasy : an abnormal sensitivity or reaction to a drug or other substance that is peculiar to an individual
One of the three small bones in the middle ear is the : a. tragus b. pinna c. auricle d. stapes
d. stapes Malleus, Incus - the pinna aka auricle is the external ear, the part lying outside of the head - tragus : the small cartilaginous projection in front of the opening of the ear
Emphysema is caused by: A. widespread constriction of the bronchioles and air trapping b. excessive mucous production by beta2 cells in the bronchi c. decreased alveolar surface tension by excess surfactant d. surfactant destruction and increased alveolar surface tension
d. surfactant destruction and increased alveolar surface tension
When establishing negligence, which of the following factors is not a consideration? a. an injury occurred due to the AEMT's action b. the AEMT had a legal duty to act c. the AEMT deviated from the standard of care d. the patient's injury was life threatening
d. the patient's injury was life threatening
Who regulates the standards under which AEMTs provide emergency care? a. National Registry of EMTs b. National Association of EMTs c. U.S. Department of Transportation d. the state EMS office or agency
d. the state EMS office or agency
If you use a waterless hand washing substitute in the field, it is important to : a. allow the solution to evaporate w/o rubbing your hands together b. immediately dry the waterless substitute from your hands w/ a paper towel c. avoid washing your hands w/ water because it will deactivate the waterless substitute d. thoroughly wash your hands w/ water ASAP
d. thoroughly wash your hands w/ water ASAP
A 37-yr old M w/ chronic anxiety finds that he has to take more of his anti anxiety medication to achieve the same effect. What is this called ? a. synergism b. habituation c. potentiation d. tolerance
d. tolerance
After inserting a King LT airway, you attach the bag-mask device and begin to ventilate the patient. However, you meet resistance w/ your initial ventilation attempts. You should : a. remove the device and resume bag-mask ventilations b. deflate the cuffs and adv. the device 2 cm further c. ventilate w/ greater force until resistance is not felt d. withdraw the device slightly until ventilations are easy
d. withdraw the device slightly until ventilations are easy
When administering a medication via the intranasal route with a mucosal atomizer device, it is important to remember that : a. at least half of the drug must be diluted in normal saline b. the pt must be conscious for this route to be effective c. it will absorb more slowly than if given via intramuscular injection d. you must spray half of the medication dose into each nostril
d. you must spray half of the medication dose into each nostril
