Afras part CH4-7
Which of the following states was most determined to prevent blacks from voting in the first half of the nineteenth century? New Jersey Massachusetts Maine Vermont
a
After the War for Independence ended in 1783, a strong trend in the North and the Chesapeake favored __________. new forms of unfree labor emancipation industrialization the growth of slavery
b
Antiblack riots coincided with the start of __________ during the late 1820s. renewed conflict with Britain immediate abolitionism tax-supported public schools railroad networks
b
Which of the following forms of resistance to slavery was most common? escaping working slowly rising up in revolt refusing to work at all
b
Why did Congress delete a passage denouncing the slave trade from the Declaration of Independence? because George Washington did not think it went far enough because delegates from South Carolina and Georgia objected to it because most white colonists supported the slave trade because Thomas Jefferson personally objected to it
b
Under the terms of the Missouri Compromise, __________. slavery was banned west of the Mississippi River Missouri was to remain a territory for ten more years. Maine was admitted as a free-labor state Illinois was admitted as a free-labor state
c
Which of the following characterized black urban communities in the North? prosperity the disintegration of family life concern for education solidarity across class lines
c
Which of the following was a consequence of the market revolution? Commercial farming grew less and less profitable. The South grew more economically diverse than the North. The North was transformed into an industrial society. National markets gave way to regional and local markets.
c
No city had more or worse race riots than __________. New York City Cincinnati Boston Philadelphia
d
The American School of Ethnology promoted __________. numerous reform organizations moral suasion black nationalism scientific racism
d
The Liberty Party was the first __________. free soil political party nativist political party political party to accept black members antislavery political party
d
The New York Liberty Party maintained that the U.S. Constitution __________. outlawed slavery throughout the country required urgent amendment was an illegitimate document was out of step with Biblical teachings
A
Who led the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (AFASS)? Lewis Tappan James G. Birney Horace Greeley William Lloyd Garrison
A
Why did the antislavery movement become more powerful by the late 1820s?
Although abolitionist feelings had been strong during the American Revolution and in the Upper South during the 1820s, the abolitionist movement did not coalesce into a militant crusade until the 1830s. In the previous decade, as much of the North underwent the social disruption associated with the spread of manufacturing and commerce, powerful evangelical religious movements arose to impart spiritual direction to society. By stressing the moral imperative to end sinful practices and each person's responsibility to uphold God's will in society, preachers like Lyman Beecher, Nathaniel Taylor, and Charles G. Finney in what came to be called the Second Great Awakening led massive religious revivals in the 1820s that gave a major impetus to the later emergence of abolitionism as well as to such other reforming crusades as temperance, pacifism, and women's rights.
Which of the following contributed to the splintering of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)? the Mexican-American War debate over the role of women in abolitionism debate over gradual emancipation the Compromise of 1850
B
Which of the following was a significant factor behind the sevenfold increase in the free black population of the United States between 1790 and 1850? immigration to the United States by free Africans gradual emancipation in the northern states acts of individual manumission in the Lower South the Compromise of 1820
B
Why did the national black convention movement falter in the first half of the 1830s? Black abolitionists grew increasingly unhappy with the goals of the convention movement. Black abolitionists began to place their hopes in the American Anti-Slavery Society. Convention leaders were accused of fraud and mismanagement Conventions had become the targets of anti-black violence.
B
On which of the following did Martin R. Delany and Henry Highland Garnet agree? the importance of full integration the importance of black self-reliance in all matters the desirability of black migration out of the United States the bright prospects for African Americans within the United States
C
With which of the following statements would Frederick Douglass have agreed? African Americans should forge independent communities, and avoid unnecessary integration into the larger American society. Black nationalism offered the best and only hope for African Americans. The best prospects for political and economic success for African Americans lay in the United States. African Americans should focus first on economic progress before demanding equal rights.
C
What impact did the expansion of the cotton culture have on Native Americans during this period?
Expansion of the cotton culture drove the Native Americans away from land that they had called home for so many years. This was 100% forced, and many Natives died during the trail of tears. They also described feeling completely hopeless when they arrived to their new land.
What was the response of African Americans to their continued oppression both as free people and as slaves in antebellum America?
Free black people in the Upper South and Deep South faced even greater difficulties. Presumed to be slaves if they could not prove otherwise, they confronted more danger of enslavement and harsher restrictive legislation than their counterparts in the North. Even so, energetic black communities existed in the Upper South throughout the antebellum period. In the Deep South, the small free black population was better off economically than were free black people in other regions. But it depended on white slaveholders, who proved to be unreliable allies as sectional controversy mounted. The antislavery movement, secession, and the Civil War would have a more profound impact on the free black communities in the South than in the North. Although it is not wise to generalize about free black people in the trans-Mississippi West, their presence on the Pacific coast in particular demonstrates their involvement in the westward expansion that characterized the United States during the antebellum years. Their West Coast communities indicate the adaptability of black institutions to new circumstances.
Why did the biracial northern antislavery movement during this period become both splintered and more powerful?
In 1840 the AASS splintered. Most of its members left to establish the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (AFASS) and the Liberty Party, the first antislavery political party. In part, the split resulted from long-standing disagreements about the role of women in abolitionism and William Lloyd Garrison's broadening radicalism. By declaring that slavery had irrevocably corrupted the existing American society, by denouncing organized white churches as irrevocably proslavery, by becoming a feminist, and by embracing a form of Christian anarchy that precluded formal involvement in politics, Garrison seemed to have lost sight of abolitionism's main concern. However, the failure of moral suasion to make progress against slavery—particularly in the South—and the question of how abolitionists should respond to slave unrest also helped fracture the AASS.
A larger portion of the free black population than of the white population __________. lived in cities lived on farms lived in the West owned their own homes
a
As a young man, Nat Turner spent much of his time __________. studying and memorizing the Bible training in military strategy and tactics learning to be a blacksmith reading antislavery pamphlets
a
British officials believed that it was only right that Americans should __________. pay their share of the costs of empire be treated as unworthy inferiors pay higher taxes than British subjects living in Britain be deprived of the rights of British subjects
a
By 1784 __________ had undertaken either immediate or gradual abolition of slavery. most of the northern states three states almost all of the states only two states
a
Demand for cotton fiber in the textile mills of __________ stimulated the westward spread of cotton cultivation. Britain and New England India and East Asia Central and South America continental Europe
a
During the 1830s the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) adopted a reform strategy based on __________. moral suasion controlled violence a strict construction of the meaning of the Constitution enlightened self-interest
a
During the American Revolution African Americans tended to support __________. the side that offered them freedom the Loyalist side the Patriot side the side that was most popular in their local region
a
Eighteenth-century Quakers generally expected slavery to be abolished __________. peacefully and gradually through a violent slave rebellion immediately and without compensation for slaveowners when Christ returned to Earth
a
Events involving the brig Creole in 1841 provide an example of which of the following? the importance of direct action by enslaved blacks to the antislavery movement the centrality of legal debates to the antislavery movement the growing support for the antislavery movement in the North the role played by white elites in the antislavery movement
a
Frederick Douglass was __________. born a slave in Maryland born a free man in Massachusetts at odds with William Lloyd Garrison in 1838 a strong supporter of colonization
a
How did Parliament respond to colonial resistance to the Stamp Act? Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, the Sugar Act, and the Proclamation Line. Parliament repealed the Sugar Act. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. Parliament repealed the Proclamation Line.
a
How did Walker's Appeal shape the struggle over slavery? It influenced the tone of Garrison and other advocates of immediate abolition. It undermined militant black abolitionism. It led directly to Nat Turner's rebellion. It contributed to white northern fears of the power of slaveholders.
a
In 1820, __________ were free. more black women than black men more blacks living in the North than blacks living in the Upper South more black men than black women more blacks living in the Deep South than blacks living in the Upper South
a
In 1845 the United States annexed Texas as a __________. slaveholding state free state semi-autonomous territory self-governing colony
a
In June 1839 __________ seized control of the Spanish schooner Amistad. African captives unhappy Spanish sailors American abolitionists French pirates
a
Members of the New York Liberty Party argued that __________. masters had no legal right to own human beings African Americans should return to Africa slavery was not immoral, but it was irrational African Americans should be banned from migrating west of the Mississippi River
a
Most of the victims of the internal slave trade traveled __________ to their new homes. by foot by wagon by train by steamboat
a
The American Colonization Society (ACS) had its greatest strength in __________. the Upper South the Lower South the Old Northwest New England
a
The Gag Rule prohibited __________. petitions related to slavery from being introduced in the House of Representatives open debate over slavery in the U.S. Senate antislavery newspapers from using the U.S. mail antislavery pamphlets from being published in the South
a
The Jefferson administration's purchase of Louisiana from France in 1803 __________. accelerated the westward expansion of slavery Undermined the political power of southern planters and their allies. temporarily relieved growing tensions over slavery was celebrated in the North and denounced in the South
a
The new Democratic Party led by Martin Van Buren of New York appealed to __________. slaveholders factory owners economic nationalists New England elites
a
Under President James K. Polk, the United States adopted a belligerent foreign policy toward __________. Mexico France Canada China
a
What agreement did the framers of the Constitution reach on the issue of the slave trade? They prohibited Congress from banning the trade for 20 years. They agreed to abolish the trade gradually. They agreed that the trade would be banned in 10 years' time. They prohibited Congress from ever banning the trade
a
What did David Walker and Nat Turner have in common? They both advocated employing violent means against slavery. They both worked closely with white allies. They were both born slaves. They both rejected Christianity.
a
What was the Benevolent Empire? a network of church-related organizations an alliance of early industrialists a coalition of antislavery societies an organization of elite southern planters
a
Which of the following best characterizes slavery in the postrevolutionary North? Slavery, although widespread, was not economically essential. Slavery was relatively rare, but was growing fast. Slavery had all but disappeared. Slavery was widespread and economically essential.
a
Which of the following best characterizes the views of Samuel Cornish on colonization? African Americans should not go to Liberia, but instead should focus on improving conditions in the United States. African Americans should go to Liberia, but should plan on returning to the United States when slavery was abolished. African Americans should not go to Liberia, but instead should migrate west of the Mississippi River. African Americans should go to Liberia, but should work to get the United States government to grant Liberia statehood.
a
Which of the following did Thomas Jefferson see as the most valuable? a female slave of child-bearing age an older male slave a young male field hand a male slave child
a
Which of the following helps explain why black antislavery newspapers often found it difficult to find readers? They had to compete with white antislavery newspapers. They were outlawed in most states. They were often poorly written and organized. They always required payment of subscription fees in advance.
a
Which of the following is an example of a practical abolitionist? Alethia Tanner Charlotte Forten Harriet Forten Maria W. Stewart
a
Which of the following is the most likely to have favored the Democratic Party in the late 1820s? the owner of a cotton plantation in Mississippi the owner of a factory outside of New York City a banker from Boston a religious reformer from upstate New York
a
Which of the following limited the effectiveness of the early northern antislavery movement? Black and white abolitionists worked in separate organizations. White abolitionists worked both to abolish slavery and to guarantee the rights of free blacks. Northern abolitionists supported immediate emancipation. Abolitionists divided their efforts between the North and the South.
a
Which of the following was a consequence of the market revolution in the North? A large urban working class arose. The economies of the North and the South converged. Traditional social elites gained in power and status. The North became an increasingly secularized society.
a
Which of the following was a major economic trend in the North in the first half of the nineteenth century? Competition for employment between native black and white Americans and foreign-born workers intensified. Local markets replaced regional markets as the focus of economic activity. Subsistence farming became more and more the norm. Americans grew more confident that economic developments would lead to greater social stability
a
Which of the following was an important difference between slavery in the American South and slavery in Latin America? Latin American slaves had a far greater mortality rate than their counterparts in the American South. Some historians maintain less racism existed in the United States than in Latin America. Routes to freedom, through self-purchase and manumission, were more available in the American South than in Latin America. Slaves in the United States enjoyed more protection from abusive masters than did slaves in Latin America.
a
Which of the following was expected of respectable women in the first half of the nineteenth century? that they devote themselves exclusively to domestic concerns that they rarely leave their homes that they play active roles in all aspects of public life that they educate themselves on cultural, political, and economic matters
a
Which of the following was true of the average northern black urban family in the 1820s? It had two parents and between two and four children. It had a working father and a stay-at-home mother. It was headed by a single father. It was headed by a single mother.
a
Which of the following was true of the expansion of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century? Slave populations grew fastest in the newer cotton-producing states. Slave population growth in the United States was driven by the importation of new slaves from Africa. The slave population of Virginia declined between 1800 and 1850. The slave population grew fastest in the far West.
a
Who crafted the Missouri Compromise? Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster John Quincy Adams
a
After 1831, William Lloyd Garrison believed that __________. the colonization of free blacks in Africa must be attempted before any other steps were taken to address race relations in the United States immediate emancipation must be combined with a commitment to racial justice in the United States gradual abolition must be combined with a program of education and training for black children immediate abolition must be the sole focus of the antislavery movement
b
All of the women's antislavery societies concentrated on __________. political demonstrations fundraising helping escaped slaves public lectures
b
As the market revolution picked up during the 1820s, politicians __________. sought to implement new property qualifications for voting recognized the need for more broadly based mass political parties worked to restrict voting to social elites sought to open up politics to free blacks
b
Benjamin Banneker gained international fame as a __________. biologist and doctor mathematician and astronomer poet and musician historian and novelist
b
Black conventions in the 1830s often called for __________. violent action to overthrow slavery integrated public schools compensated gradual emancipation disunion
b
CH 8 Which of the following was true of the American antislavery movement? It sparked the British antislavery movement. It was actually two movements. From 1650 on, its goal was to destroy slavery as a social system. It began in the early seventeenth century.
b
CH 9 Proponents of Manifest Destiny believed that __________. a race war between blacks and whites was inevitable God intended the United States to expand its territory slavery was slowly undermining the United States it was the destiny of the United States to abolish slavery
b
CHAPTER 7 Which of the following was true of the free African American population of the United States in 1820? More black men than black women were free. The largest number of free African Americans lived in the Upper South. Free African Americans accounted for less than half a percent of the total American population. One in three African Americans living in the United States was free.
b
During the 1910s southern historian Ulrich B. Phillips portrayed slavery as __________. a necessary evil a benign, paternalistic institution a great stain on American history the greatest crime in human history
b
During the Jacksonian era, foreign immigrants, mostly from __________, poured in to the United States as entrepreneurs sought cheap labor. South and Central America Ireland and Germany Italy and Russia England and the Netherlands
b
Historian Eugene D. Genovese placed __________ at the heart of the southern plantation system. coercion paternalism self-deception the profit motive
b
House servants' jobs were more stressful than field hands' jobs because __________. servants had more physically taxing jobs servants were under closer white supervision servants were more likely to be sold servants were more frequently whipped
b
How did white southerners justify the sexual abuse of black women? They maintained that such abuse was in the master's economic interest because it might result in more slave children. They maintained that black women were naturally promiscuous. They maintained that the Bible sanctified such abuse. They maintained that masters had a moral right to do whatever they wanted to with their property.
b
In anticipation of a state constitutional convention in 1829, white people in western Virginia called for __________. stricter black codes emancipation state-sponsored colonization initiatives an end to all manumissions
b
In the 1830s the __________ opposed territorial expansion, worried about the growing number of immigrants, and endorsed the moral values of evangelical Protestantism. Federalist Party Whig Party Democratic Party Republican Party
b
Joseph C. Lovejoy described the North as a land __________. of unlimited freedom partially free where freedom is a sham blessed with freedom
b
Margaret Mitchell Harris provides an example of a __________. white female slaveowner black female slaveowner white southern female who joined the antislavery cause black female slave who purchased her own freedom
b
The typical southern slave worked __________. as an industrial laborer as an agricultural laborer as a domestic servant as a craftsperson
b
Which of the following believed it was up to God, and not individual black people, to end slavery? Daniel Coker John Chavis James Forten Absalom Jones
b
Which of the following hurt northern African Americans economically in the 1820s and 1830s? the shift away from national markets increased immigration from Europe population growth the rise of the Whig Party
b
Which of the following most accurately characterizes segregation in the North in the first half of the nineteenth century? Segregation was limited to public transportation and schools. Segregation was nearly universal and encompassed most areas of public life. Segregation was much more deeply entrenched in New England than in the Mid-Atlantic states. Segregation was banned by custom and by law in the northeast.
b
Which of the following most accurately characterizes the American Colonization Society's (ACS) stance on slavery? It was adamantly opposed to slavery. It claimed to be opposed to slavery. It favored slavery, but not its expansion. It strongly supported slavery and its expansion.
b
Which of the following was a consequence of the trend towards universal white manhood suffrage? State after state raised property qualifications for voting. The Federalist Party was doomed to collapse. Politicians came increasingly from the landed elite classes. The Democratic Party slowly disintegrated.
b
Which of the following was an important difference between the lives of free blacks in the Upper South and the lives of free blacks in the North? Free blacks in the Upper South enjoyed slowly expanding civil rights. A higher percentage of free blacks in the North lived in cities. Free blacks in the Upper South had closer, more cordial, relations with whites. Free black people in the North faced a greater risk of being enslaved.
b
Which of the following was an important reason why black people created their own social institutions in the decades following the Revolutionary War? They wanted to be seen as Americans, and not as people of African ancestry. They realized they would have inferior status in white-dominated organizations. They wanted to preserve distinctions between free and enslaved blacks. They were barred by law from joining white-dominated organizations.
b
Which of the following was true of William Lloyd Garrison? He embraced emancipation, but not racial equality. He worked hard to bridge racial differences. He rarely welcomed blacks into his home. He believed that abolitionists should form a political party.
b
Which of the following was true of free blacks living in the Upper South during the antebellum period? They were much more prosperous than free blacks in the Deep South. They were viewed with suspicion by many whites. They were most often second generation African-Americans. They usually kept their distance from slaves.
b
Which of the following was true of slave childhood? Slave children had little or no unsupervised time. Slave children began doing adult fieldwork between the ages of eight and 12. Slave children rarely saw their parents. Slave children were strictly segregated from white children.
b
Which of the following was true of slave ownership during the first half of the nineteenth century? The average number of slaves owned per owner decreased. The total number of slave owners declined. In 1860 more than 50 percent of the South's white population had a direct interest in slavery. The total number of slave owners increased
b
Which of the following was true of the Whig Party? The Whigs were strongly antislavery. The Whigs favored a nationalist approach to economic policy. The Whigs favored territorial expansion. The Whigs were most successful in the South.
b
Why did Maria W. Stewart retire as a public speaker in September 1833? She was in ill health. She faced increasing hostility from the black community. She received death threats from white supporters of slavery. She had become convinced that the antislavery movement would fail.
b
Why did Richard Allen and Absalom Jones leave St. George's Methodist Church? They disagreed with the core teachings of Methodism. They felt that black members of the church were treated in insulting and degrading ways. They were urged to do so by the white members of the church. They were offered funds by local officials to found their own church.
b
Why did masters choose to use some of their slaves as house servants and craftsmen? They wanted to present themselves as benign owners. They wanted to make their plantations as self-sufficient as possible. They wanted to imitate the lifestyle of northern elites. They saw such slaves as status symbols.
b
Why did the number of free black men working in factories in the Upper South decline after 1850? Free blacks faced increasingly strict black codes. Free blacks faced increasing competition from Irish and German immigrants. Free blacks were increasingly seen as a threat to white society. The number of factories in the Upper South declined.
b
Almost all Democratic leaders believed God and nature had designed African Americans to __________. become full citizens of the United States eventually fade out of existence be slaves live in Africa
c
At a meeting that announced the formation of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) in 1833, the society's leaders announced their rejection of __________. immediate emancipation uncompensated emancipation the use of violence equal rights for African Americans
c
By 1850 black men constituted about 50 percent of __________. barbers in urban centers shop owners in urban centers crewmen on merchant and whaling vessels volunteers for the U.S. military
c
By the late 1840s, the movement known as nativism pitted __________. New Englanders against Midwesterners northerners against southerners native-born Protestants against foreign-born Roman Catholics whites against blacks
c
Democratic politicians led in demanding __________. new laws governing the sale and consumption of alcohol federal funding for infrastructure projects the removal of Indians to the area west of the Mississippi River restrictions on the expansion of slavery
c
Free African Americans who got into debt in the South __________. usually were forced to go North could be jailed for several years faced the risk of being sold into slavery had future earnings garnished by the state
c
Free black people in the Deep South __________. were feared and hated by white elites were much poorer than their counterparts in the Upper South were largely the product of sexual relations between black slave women and white men had much more limited rights than free blacks in the Old Northwest
c
How did Andrew Jackson's supporters view the election of 1824? as a triumph of the working man as a victory for abolitionists as a corrupt bargain as a turning point in American history
c
How did Walker's Appeal shape the struggle over slavery? It led William Lloyd Garrison to soften his opposition to compensated emancipation. It temporarily calmed the fears of white southerners. It helped inspire an increasingly militant black abolitionism. It brought an increasing number of white people into the antislavery movement.
c
In Upper South urban areas, most free black men worked as __________. artisans domestic servants unskilled day laborers shop keepers
c
In what way was the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) different than other organizations of its time? It was led by whites, but had a majority black membership. It formally endorsed immediate emancipation. It allowed black men to participate in its meetings without formal restrictions. It had black men as its president and its vice president .
c
Ohio's black laws required African Americans entering the state __________. to forfeit all of their property to pay a special annual tax to produce legal evidence of their free status to waive their right to vote
c
On what basis did the American Colonization Society (ACS) argue that free African Americans had to go to Liberia? because they faced grave dangers in the United States because it would facilitate the spread of Christianity to Africa because otherwise masters would never liberate their slaves because they could establish an American economic presence in Africa if they did so
c
Tax-supported public schools in the North __________. began in New York in 1842 were rare until after the Civil War were almost all segregated were fully integrated
c
The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) was committed to __________. emancipation, but not to equal rights for African Americans fulfilling the mission of the American Colonization Society immediate, uncompensated emancipation gradual, compensated emancipation
c
The American Colonization Society (ACS) wanted to send __________ to Africa. white and black missionaries free African Americans and Native Americans former slaves and previously free African Americans former slaves and white missionaries
c
The ceremony known as "jumping the broom" celebrated __________. a wedding anniversary the birth of a child a marriage a child's sixteenth birthday
c
The decline of slavery in which of the following regions stimulated the domestic slave trade? the Far West New England the Chesapeake the Lower South
c
The heroes of African American folktales were __________. real people in the life of the storyteller African gods and goddesses animal tricksters with human personalities enslaved peoples in other lands
c
The only American plantation employing more than 1,000 slaves was in the __________. tobacco-producing region sugar-producing region rice-producing region cotton-producing region
c
Until 1848 Ohio and the other states of the Old Northwest __________. provided funds for separate black schools operated integrated public school systems excluded black children from public schools prohibited the education of black children under all circumstances
c
What did William Watkins, Jacob Greener, and Hezekiah Grice have in common? They were all black ministers who participated in the antislavery movement. They were all black nationalists who doubted that blacks would ever be fairly treated by white people. They were all strongly opposed to the goals of the African Colonization Society. They all sought to reach a compromise with slave owners that would result in gradual emancipation.
c
What objective did Parliament have in mind when it passed the Tea Act of 1773? to raise money to fight a new European war to promote tea cultivation in the Americas to save the East India Company from bankruptcy to tax the American colonists into submission
c
Which of the following accurately characterizes trends in slave ownership between 1830 and 1860? The percentage of the white southern population that owned slaves rose. The percentage of slaveholders who owned 50 or more slaves remained very small. The percentage of the white southern population that owned slaves fell. The typical slaveholder owned 20 to 30 slaves and lived on a plantation.
c
Which of the following helped push William Lloyd Garrison towards a more radical vision of the antislavery movement? the Amistad incident a tour through the Lower South his association with African Americans in Baltimore the influence of the Quaker leaders of northern antislavery organizations
c
Which of the following helps explain the growing militancy of black abolitionists in the 1840s? the embrace of violence by the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society the passage of a new fugitive slave act the breakup of the American Anti-Slavery Society the murder of leading black abolitionists
c
Which of the following regions had the smallest free black population in 1820? the Mid-Atlantic New England the Deep South the Upper South
c
Which of the following stimulated the domestic slave trade? falling cotton prices on the international market the decline of slavery in the Northeast the decline of slavery in the Chesapeake falling prices for prime field hands
c
Which of the following was a consequence of Gabriel's conspiracy? The antislavery movement in the Chesapeake intensified. The rate of manumissions increased. Antislavery societies in the Upper South were suppressed. Slaveholders sought to relax and reform slave codes.
c
Which of the following was a consequence of the Mexican-American War? Texas was annexed by the United States. Regional tensions over slavery temporarily relaxed. The United States gained control of New Mexico and California. Texas became an independent republic.
c
Which of the following was a consequence of the Northwest Ordinance? The importation of new slaves into the Northwest Territory was banned. Slavery was banned in all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. Slavery was banned in the Northwest Territory. A plan for the gradual emancipation of slaves in the Northwest Territory was put in place.
c
Which of the following was a disadvantage of working as a house slave? House servants were whipped far more often than field hands. House slaves were often loaned out to other plantations. House servants were cut off from the larger slave community. It was the most physically demanding job on the plantation.
c
Which of the following was an important difference between Denmark Vesey's plot and Gabriel's? Gabriel's plot was supported by hundreds of white people. Vesey's plot aimed to overthrow slavery throughout the Americas. Religion played a more prominent role in Vesey's plot. Gabriel's plot was inspired by events in Haiti.
c
Which of the following was true of biracial southern congregations? They were integrated in every aspect of church life. They did not persist as long as biracial congregations persisted in the North. They usually had racially segregated seating. They were often the focal point of antislavery activity.
c
Which of the following was true of black military service on the Patriot side in the Revolutionary War? Black patriots rose to the highest ranks in the Continental Army. Only a handful of black Patriots actually participated in combat. Most black Patriots served in integrated military units. Most black Patriots served in segregated military units.
c
Which of the following was true of free blacks living in the Deep South? Free blacks in the Deep South faced far greater economic challenges than their counterparts in other regions. The vast majority of free blacks in the Deep South lived in rural areas Free blacks in the Deep South often had close associations with white elites. Most free blacks in the Deep South were of Haitian descent.
c
Which of the following was true of the American Colonization Society (ACS)? It was founded by leading black abolitionists. It enjoyed its greatest support in the Northeast. In the 1820s it enjoyed the support of prominent northern white abolitionists. It was despised by slaveholders.
c
Which of the following was true of the domestic slave trade in the first half of the nineteenth century? The domestic slave trade slowly declined between 1800 and 1860. Owners rarely separated families when selling slaves. The domestic slave trade involved the sale of hundreds of thousands of individuals. The slave trade was outlawed in Washington D.C. in 1808.
c
Which of the following was true of the folktales told by enslaved African Americans? They stressed the need to accept one's lot in life without protest or resistance. They were almost always variations on stories from the Bible. They helped teach the skills that were necessary to protect oneself within the slave system. They were almost always borrowed from American Indian traditions.
c
Which of the following was true of the religious beliefs and practices of slaves? Until the 1850s, most masters denied their slaves access to Christianity. Most slaves practiced the African religions of their ancestors. By the mid-nineteenth century, most slaves practiced some form of Protestantism. Most slaves ignored religion.
c
Why did Frederick Douglass finally break with William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)? He disagreed with the fundamental goals of the AASS. He suspected they wanted him to continue in the role of a fugitive slave. He was tired of giving speeches and writing antislavery essays. He came to believe that Garrison was not genuinely committed to racial equality.
c
Why was Canada West such a popular destination for escaped slaves from 1833 on? Border controls between the United States and Canada were relaxed in 1833. Racial segregation and discrimination were outlawed in Canada in 1833. The British Empire prohibited slavery in 1833. Blacks gained the right to vote in Canada in 1833.
c
With which of the following statements would James Forten have agreed? Black Americans have more in common with Africans in Africa than with white Americans. Black people should accommodate slavery in the short-term and concentrate on gradual change. The egalitarian principles of the American Revolution will prevail if black people insist on liberty. Black people will never be accepted as full citizens of the United States.
c
About 55 percent of slaves __________. grew tobacco worked in trades were domestic servants cultivated cotton
d
Aside from the family, what were the most important black institutions in the decades leading up to the Civil War? banks self-help associations insurance companies churches
d
Charlotte Forten was among the founders of the __________. Women's Auxiliary of the American Colonization Society Women's Christian Temperance Union Baltimore Alliance Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society
d
David Walker and Nat Turner were both from the South and both were __________. committed to peaceful change convinced that blacks should become full citizens of the United States proponents of colonization deeply religious
d
In 1775 Philadelphia Quakers organized __________. a grand coalition of reform groups the first integrated primary school in the world a new church administrative hierarchy the first antislavery society in the world
d
In 1784 Connecticut and Rhode Island adopted __________. compensated emancipation plans immediate emancipation plans gradual emancipation plans partial emancipation plans
d
In the early nineteenth century, which of the following types of public activity was seen as appropriate for respectable women? public speaking and political lobbying employment in government positions employment in white-collar professions church and benevolent activities
d
In what way did emancipation in the northern portion of the United States differ from emancipation in other parts of the Atlantic world? It was the result of slave rebellions and uprisings. It came much later. It was immediate and uncompensated. It did not result from force or intervention by an imperial power.
d
Manumission laws governed the ability of __________. states to enact compensated emancipation plans states to enact gradual emancipation plans masters to buy and sell individual slaves masters to free individual slaves
d
Most of the slaves sold in the internal slave market ended up in __________. the Upper South the far West the Caribbean the Southwest
d
Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Iowa, and Wisconsin all __________. had strong laws protecting the civil rights of blacks considered legalizing slavery allowed blacks to vote limited or banned black immigration
d
Since the 1960s historians have argued that __________. slaves were mentally and physically defeated by the experience of slavery slavery was much less brutal than generally imagined and had many positive aspects slaves developed coping mechanisms similar to those developed by concentration camp inmates slavery led African Americans to create institutions that allowed them some control over their lives
d
The 1820s and 1830s saw __________. the disintegration of regional markets rapid industrialization in the Lower South the rise of the Benevolent Empire in the Chesapeake dramatic improvements in America's transportation infrastructure
d
The African-American artist Edmonia Lewis focused on producing works that __________. captured the natural beauty of the American landscape had no overt political content reflected the values of white landowners emphasized African-American themes
d
The American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Haitian struggle for independence all endorsed __________. the abolition of slavery racial equality gender equality the idea of natural rights
d
The ethos of the Romantic Age encouraged which of the following? a belief in the universal rights of all men and women a belief that the differences between individuals were more important than the differences between racial groups a belief that racial identity was a product of history, not of biology a belief that each racial and ethnic group had its own inherent spirit
d
There is clear evidence that Nat Turner __________. knew about divisions among white Virginians knew about the Haitian Revolution had read Walker's Appeal had contact with northern abolitionists
d
What did Henry Highland Garnet, Paul Cuffe, and Alexander Crummell have in common? They all were born into slavery in the Deep South. They were all ministers for black churches. They all opposed colonization. They all supported colonization.
d
What did James Forten, John Remond, and William Whipper have in common? They all established themselves as lawyers. They were all born into slavery. They all made important contributions to the arts. They were all successful black entrepreneurs.
d
What did black temperance advocates have in common with their white counterparts? They were almost always abolitionists. They targeted elite behavior for reform. They tended to be Roman Catholics. They tended to be middle-class.
d
What was the outcome of the Supreme Court case involving the Amistad? Most of the slaves were freed, but Joseph Cinque was executed. The slaves were returned to their Spanish owners. The slaves were sold at auction. The slaves were set free.
d
Which of the following best characterizes Paul Cuffe's views on colonization? African Americans should go to Africa because they had a duty to their fellow Africans to do so. African Americans should not go to Africa because America was the only home they had ever known. African Americans should not go to Africa because blacks would eventually achieve full equality in America. African Americans should go to Africa because black people would never be treated fairly in the United States.
d
Which of the following best describes Nat Turner? social theorist political revolutionary military strategist religious visionary
d
Which of the following best explains the decline of the Baltimore Conference of the AME Church in the early 1830s? reduced interest in separate black churches among free African Americans corruption and incompetence in the church leadership new taxes imposed by the Jackson and Van Buren administrations new restrictions on free blacks in the wake of the Nat Turner revolt
d
Which of the following black inventors made an important contribution to the American whaling industry? Joseph Hawkins Henry Blair Henry Boyd Lewis Temple
d
Which of the following black laws was rigorously enforced by Ohio authorities? the requirement that African Americans entering the state had to post a $500 bond the prohibition on blacks owning their own business the requirement that African Americans entering the state had to produce legal evidence of their free status the prohibition of black testimony in court
d
Which of the following generally occurred when private schools established by African Americans became part of public school systems? Enrollments increased substantially. The quality of teaching improved. It was shut down within a year. Funding for the school declined.
d
Which of the following was a consequence of the expansion of the cotton culture? the forced migration of the Lakota Sioux the breakup of the Iroquois confederation greater assimilation of the Cherokee and Chickasaw people the forced migration of American Indians to Indian Territory
d
Which of the following was an important difference between the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) and the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (AFASS)? AASS was more church-oriented. AFASS rejected the idea that the Constitution could be used on behalf of emancipation. AASS members believed that white churches could be converted to abolitionism. The AFASS took a more traditional stand on the role of women in public life.
d
Which of the following was most directly representative of the Enlightenment? Jupiter Hammon Josiah Bishop Phillis Wheatley Benjamin Banneker
d
Which of the following was most likely to be in a position to take advantage of term slavery? a young male field hand an older field hand on a cotton plantation a domestic servant on a large plantation a skilled urban slave
d
Which of the following was the major exception to the trend towards the disfranchisement of black voters in the North in the antebellum decades? the Old Northwest the Pacific Northwest the Mid-Atlantic states New England
d
Which of the following was true of African-American religious life in the antebellum decades? Almost all blacks attended churches that had severed ties with white denominations. Frederick Douglass was a champion of separate black congregations and denominations. By the 1840s, northern white churches had eliminated almost all of their discriminatory policies. Antislavery societies often met in churches, and the churches harbored fugitive slaves.
d
Which of the following was true of local vigilance organizations? They were formed to protect the economic interests of black people. They were exclusively black organizations. They were frowned upon by local government officials. They first appeared in the mid-1830s.
d
Which of the following was true of physical punishment of slaves? Most slaves were whipped on a weekly basis. Only a minority of slaves were ever whipped. Whippings were extraordinarily rare. Few slaves escaped being whipped at least once during their lives.
d
Which of the following was true of slave marriages? They were usually arranged by masters. They were usually discouraged by masters. They were quite rare. They had no legal standing.
d
Which of the following was true of the Underground Railroad? Its operators were remarkably public about their actions. Its operators were involved in most of the slave escapes during the 1840s and 1850s. It was operated by a well-organized central command. It was most active from the mid-1830s until the outbreak of the Civil War.
d
Why did more equality exist between husbands and wives in slave marriages than in those of the masters? because black men tended to have less patriarchal views than white men because slave marriages were governed by African customs because black men lacked power because slave marriages were not legally binding
d
With which of the following statements would Frederick Law Olmsted have agreed? Only male slaves had reason to fear the lash. Masters often whipped slaves to death for little or no reason at all. Reports of physical punishment of slaves were hugely exaggerated. Slaves of all ages and sexes were subject to severe beatings.
d
__________ of slave children died before the age of five. Almost 70 percent About 20 percent About 10 percent More than 50 percent
d
Which of the following was true of black antislavery newspapers? Subscription fees were always set too high. Few survived for very long. They were all partially white owned. They had little influence prior to the 1850s.
B
Which of the following was true of the black conventions held in the North between 1830 and 1864? They attracted as many white participants as black participants. Their agenda transcended the antislavery cause. The conventions were large and tightly organized. They tended to avoid the issue of slavery.
B
By 1842, the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) had begun calling for __________. a return to moral suasion renewed investment in colonization armed insurrection in the South disunion
D
With few exceptions, leading black abolitionists were __________. businessmen lawyers former slaves ministers
D
By 1860, the number of slaves living in the United States had increased to __________. just under four million just under three million just under five million just under two million
a
Which of the following contributed to slave unrest in Virginia in the 1790s? the arrival of Haitian refugees the defeat of France by Britain in the Napoleonic Wars the imposition of harsh new black laws a downturn in the world market for tobacco
a
Which of the following was true of Harriet Tubman? She escaped when her master threatened to sell her and her family south. She returned to the South hundreds of times to help slaves escape. She was born a free woman, but enslaved as a child. She refused the help of white abolitionists.
a
Which of the following was true of black mutual aid societies in the 1830s and 1840s? They declined in number and power. They were especially attractive to black women. They disavowed all connections to churches and religion. They focused on the needs of all poor people, regardless of race.
b
Which of the following was true of the free African American population in 1860? The total number of free African Americans increased five-fold between 1820 and 1860. The free African American population of the Deep South was just over 200,000. About the same number of free African Americans lived in the Upper South as lived in the North. More than 100,000 free African Americans lived in the far West.
c
Whig politicians emphasized __________. the separation of church and state the primacy of state's rights an active national government the importance of territorial expansion
c
The Free Produce Association tried to put economic pressure on slaveholders by __________. selling produce to raise funds for antislavery organizations petitioning Congress to place a special tax on southern agricultural products encouraging black and white northerners to start their own vegetable gardens boycotting agricultural products produced by slaves
d
Martin Delany was a champion of __________. black self-reliance integration gradual emancipation disunion
a
The Enlightenment emphasized __________. human reason human emotions religious faith the importance of tradition
a
Enlightenment rationalism __________. was largely used to reinforce the institution of slavery was a powerful antislavery force was a more powerful force in the South than the North had little impact on slavery
b
How did Phillis Wheatley respond to the American Revolution? She was an ardent Loyalist. She was an ardent supporter of the Patriot cause. She saw the conflict as evidence of man's wicked nature. She saw the conflict as none of her concern.
b
What did Jupiter Hammon, Josiah Bishop, and Lemuel Haynes all have in common? They were all born as slaves. They were all influenced by the Great Awakening. They all fought in the Revolutionary War. They were all amateur scientists.
b
What made the black Freemasons different from other free black organizations? They worked to undermine slavery. They united black men from several northern cities. They stressed middle-class values. They admitted both men and women.
b
In which of the following southern industries did slaves constitute a majority of the workforce? textiles coal mining railroads lumber
d
The French and Indian War centered on __________. control of the port city of New Orleans conflicting claims to the Pacific Northwest the enforcement of treaties between Indian peoples and European powers control of the Ohio River Valley
d
Between 1790 and 1820, the slave population of Virginia __________. increased substantially almost tripled remained largely unchanged declined substantially
a
Between 1790 and 1860, the slave population of the United States __________. increased six-fold rose by 30 percent doubled fell by 10 percent
a
How did the U.S. Constitution reinforce slavery? It included provisions designed to help slave owners retrieve escaped slaves. It made a direct link between slavery and race. It prohibited Congress from ever banning the slave trade. It prohibited the abolition of slavery by individual states.
a
Jupiter Hammon's writings were most influenced by __________. the Great Awakening the Enlightenment the American Revolution the English Civil War
a
The earliest black community institutions were __________. mutual aid societies labor unions churches social clubs
a
The movement among white Americans to abolish slavery began within _________. the Society of Friends the leadership of the Anglican Church the Presbyterian congregations of New England revivalist Baptist congregations
a
A combination of three forces was required to convince white Americans that black people should be released from slavery: Enlightenment rationalism, a sense of Christian duty, and __________. the commercialization of agriculture economic self-interest widespread black resistance international pressure
b
Benjamin Lay, John Woolman, and Anthony Benezet were all __________. fierce supporters of the slave trade Quakers who opposed slavery. escaped slaves who rose to fame and fortune free black men and noted ministers
b
How did white southerners respond to Gabriel's conspiracy? They called for the repatriation of all blacks to Africa. They placed even more restrictions on black people. They loosened the restrictions on black people. They ordered the enslavement of free blacks.
b
Which of the following was one of the four most important factors fostering the continued enslavement of African Americans in the new republic? the emergence of the market economy in the North increased cultivation of cotton passage of the Northwest Ordinance pro-slavery provisions in the Constitution
b
What did Jupiter Hammon of Long Island, Daniel Coker of Baltimore, John Chavis of Virginia, and Lemuel Haynes of New England all have in common? They were all born into slavery. They all demanded immediate uncompensated emancipation. They were influential black ministers. They were wealthy entrepreneurs.
c
Which of the following commodities reinvigorated the slave-labor system in the early nineteenth century? tobacco sugar cotton wheat
c
Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the War of 1812? the arrival of Spanish expeditionary forces in the Southwest French interference with American ships British military support for American Indian resistance in the Old Northwest the emerging Canadian independence movement
c
Which of the following did Thomas Jefferson claim justified his belief in the inferiority of black people? common sense religion science custom and tradition
c
Which of the following did white southerners see as essential to getting African Americans to work? the promise of eventual freedom two days off from work each week the threat of physical punishment the threat of execution
c
Which of the following set skilled slaves apart from field hands and house servants? They were not seen as chattel by their owners. They were almost all literate. They tended to have a more cosmopolitan outlook. They lived in separate quarters from all other slaves.
c
Which of the following was true of the War of 1812? It was, on the whole, a clear American victory. Black men were recruited to fight in the war from the beginning. It was sparked in part by an American desire to annex Canada. It had greater support in the North than the South.
c
Both Britain and France wanted to control the Ohio River valley and its __________. lush farm lands large Indian labor force rich mineral deposits lucrative fur trade
d
During the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, slaves seeking court-ordered emancipation based their freedom suits on __________. international law the principles of universal liberty passages from the Bible contractual technicalities
d
Early black mutual aid societies __________. reflected the values and beliefs of poor blacks were proudly and avowedly secular organizations were more drinking clubs than social organizations maintained a decidedly Christian moral character
d
Which of the following supporters of American independence condemned slavery in a published pamphlet? George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine
d
Why did mutual aid societies emerge in every black urban community in the early nineteenth century? because they were funded by white elites because they reflected black working-class aspirations because they were committed to militant abolitionism because they provided real benefits
d
Why did southern states refuse to enlist black men when the War of 1812 broke out? Lawmakers believed that blacks had performed poorly during the Revolutionary War. Lawmakers believed that the United States would win easily using only white troops. Lawmakers had little enthusiasm for the war and, therefore, resisted mobilizing black troops. Lawmakers feared that blacks would use their guns to aid slave revolts.
d
Which of the following accurately describes tobacco cultivation? Tobacco was one of the easiest crops to produce. Tobacco cultivation required work in the summer and fall, but not the spring and winter. Tobacco required a long growing season and careful cultivation. By 1850, tobacco cultivation was of relatively little importance in the Chesapeake.
C
CHAPTER 5
5
How did individual and group actions shape African-American life in the new nation?
Individual actions such as Charles Deslondes, James Forten, Richard Allen, Absalom Jones, and Gabriel were some of many early black leaders in the United States. Charles Deslondes led one of the biggest slave revolts known. Richard Allen owned a church and opened schools in Philadelphia for black children, which taught against slavery and racial prejudice. Jones concern for fugitives facing reenslavement led him to become the first African American to petition Congress. James Foreten organized the American Anti-Slavery Society, which pledged to the peaceful immediate abolition of slavery without colonization of the former slaves and without compensation to slaveholders. Each of these men had a significant impact for African-Americans working there way to equality. Group actions such as the decisions to let African-Americans fight in the war of 1812 helped them gain their freedom.
What were the far-reaching implications of the intellectual and political leadership that African Americans exercised during this period, and how did they push themselves closer to freedom?
Some African Americans were educated and learned how to read and write. For example Banneker became a well known author and was well respected internationally. African Americans pushed themselves closer to freedom as they fought physically in the war and spoke about issues that were in regards to enslavement. Facing their oppressors straight in the face and demanding their freedom be given as their beliefs in liberty were contradictory when it concerned black individuals.
What concerns led to the ban on the enlistment of new black troops when the Continental Army was formed in 1775? the fear that the enlistment of black soldiers would encourage slaves to escape the fear that the enlistment of black soldiers would encourage Indian uprisings the fear that the enlistment of black soldiers would prompt violent retaliation by the British the fear that the enlistment of black soldiers would make white soldiers look weak in comparison
a
What reference to slavery was made in the final version of the Declaration of Independence? The British were accused of inciting slave uprisings. The slave trade was denounced as inhuman. Slavery was denounced, but no formal call for its abolition was made. Slavery was celebrated as a positive good.
a
Which of the following best characterizes the impact of the Missouri Compromise? It temporarily quieted North-South discord. It solved the sectional conflict over slavery. It tilted the sectional political balance in favor of the South. It tilted the sectional political balance in favor of the North.
a
Which of the following best characterizes the progress of emancipation in the Chesapeake in the decades following the Revolutionary War? Emancipationist sentiment grew, but there was no serious threat to the slave system. Emancipationist sentiment declined, and the slave system grew more entrenched. White commitment to slavery remained, as it always had been, absolute. Emancipation made steady, rapid progress.
a
Which of the following best describes Thomas Jefferson's view of African Americans? He saw them as inferior people. He did not think they were human beings. He believed they could be equal to white people, given enough time and help. He believed they were equal to white people.
a
Which of the following encouraged Chesapeake planters to reduce the size of their slave labor force? the decline of tobacco cultivation increased international demand for cotton rising prices for prime field hands accelerating industrialization in the Upper South
a
Which of the following induced black men in the South to join the Loyalist side? The British promised them freedom in exchange for military service. The British promised to give them land. The British promised to abolish slavery. The British promised to repatriate them to Africa.
a
Why did black women predominate in the black migration to cities in the North and the Chesapeake after the Revolution? because they could more easily find jobs as domestics in the cities than in rural areas because masters were more inclined to free female slaves than male slaves because female slaves often found it easier to escape than their male counterparts because cities often imposed bans on new black male residents
a
Increasing proslavery sentiment among white Americans stemmed, in part, from __________. the territorial adjustments that followed the War of 1812 revulsion against the radicalism of the French Revolution the widespread rejection of the British antislavery movement the conflicts and tensions produced by the Louisiana Purchase
b
Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica provided an intellectual foundation for __________. the abolition of slavery the Enlightenment the Glorious Revolution industrialization
b
Most skilled slaves who hired their time lived in __________. the Deep South the South's towns and cities Mississippi and Texas remote, rural localities
b
What prompted the first major sectional conflict over slavery and its expansion? the U.S. annexation of Texas Missouri's application for admission to the Union as a slave-labor state Kentucky's passage of a new and stronger fugitive slave law the Mexican-American War
b
When Washington organized the Continental Army in July 1775 he __________. made no mention of the status of black soldiers forbade the enlistment of new black troops called for the creation of separate black regiments encouraged the reenlistment of black men who had served at Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, and other early battles
b
Which of the following best characterizes Gabriel's motives for organizing a slave uprising? He wanted to get revenge against his current and former masters. He wanted to destroy slavery because it denied natural human rights to its victims. He was convinced that God had instructed him to do so. He wanted to establish a maroon community in the Great Dismal Swamp.
b
Which of the following is a requirement for sugar cultivation? a cool, dry climate at least 60 inches of rain per year a temperate climate three growing seasons per year
b
Which of the following ran the schools created for African-American children in the first half of the eighteenth century? colonial officials white clergy black clergy black mutual aid societies
b
Which of the following was an important consequence of British victory in the French and Indian War? American colonists faced new threats from French and Spanish settlers. France was forced to withdraw from North America. Britain lost most of its territorial holdings in the Ohio Valley. Spain was driven from North America.
b
Which of the following was an important difference between tobacco and rice cultivation in the first half of the nineteenth century? Rice cultivation required far fewer slaves. Rice cultivation did not spread out of the area where it was initially established. Tobacco cultivation required intensive labor. Tobacco cultivation was in steep decline.
b
Why were many white northerners apprehensive about the admission of Missouri to the Union as a slave-labor state? They were concerned that it would undermine the emerging antislavery movement. They feared it would upset the sectional political balance. They worried that it would lead to an increase in the northern black population. They worried about the welfare of blacks in Missouri.
b
As they had during the Revolution, during the War of 1812 British generals __________. encouraged slaves to rise up and kill their masters returned escaped slaves to their masters offered slaves freedom in exchange for military service ignored the possibility that slaves would prove to be useful allies
c
How did James Forten, Richard Allen, and Absalom Jones respond to the threat the British posed to Philadelphia? They welcomed the British as potential liberators. They personally took up arms and went into combat. They put together a brigade of black soldiers. They dismissed the danger as no concern of black people
c
In 1816 __________ founded the American Colonization Society (ACS). a group of black ministers black Freemasons influential white Americans members of the Federalist Party
c
In her writing Phillis Wheatley called on black people to __________. accept slavery without question return to their African roots adopt white culture admit their own inferiority
c
John Locke maintained that human society __________. was static and unchanging was a reflection of the divine plan ran according to natural laws was created to protect the status quo
c
Phillis Wheatley was born __________. into slavery in South Carolina into slavery in Barbados in Africa a free person in Boston
c
Richard Allen and Absalom Jones were both __________. businessmen and supporters of the American Colonization Society former slaves and militant abolitionists members of the clergy and early abolitionists Freemasons and landowners
c
For which of the following is Lord Dunmore most famous? his appeal to African Americans to join the Patriot side his appeal to African Americans to rise up against their masters in open revolt his appeal to African Americans to refuse to work until they were set free his appeal to African Americans to fight for Britain in return for freedom
d
How did cotton cultivation differ from the cultivation of tobacco, rice, and sugar? It was not nearly as profitable. It was more labor intensive. It was confined to a relatively small area. It was less labor intensive.
d
In contrast to African Americans, during the American Revolution American Indians almost always __________. Fought on the Patriot side Stayed neutral fought on the side that paid them better fought on the British side
d
Over the course of the early nineteenth century, __________ became the core of African-American communities. mutual aid societies political parties antislavery societies churches
d
The British employed most black men who escaped to their lines as __________. infantrymen spies scouts laborers
d
Which of the following best characterizes the response of African Americans to the political rhetoric of proponents of American independence? Many African Americans feared that American independence would hurt black people as a group. African Americans believed that the struggle for independence did not concern them. Most African Americans, particularly in the North, joined the Loyalist side. Many African Americans came to believe that the American War for Independence could become a war against slavery.
d
Which of the following best explains why inexpensive white labor was plentiful in the North? Northern wage and tax policies. rapid population growth internal migration from other regions transatlantic immigration
d
Which of the following created the circumstances in which the American independence movement emerged? increasing immigration to the British colonies in North America a political revolution in Britain a prolonged global economic downturn a struggle for empire between Great Britain and France
d
Which of the following made the cultivation of cotton profitable on the North American mainland? skyrocketing cotton prices the discovery of new strains of cotton the demise of cotton cultivation in Egypt and India Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin
d
Which of the following states had the largest slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century? Alabama South Carolina Mississippi Virginia
d