African American chapter 12

What characteristics did some black and white ministers preach against in their sermons to freed slaves?

A lack of morals, drinking, and gambling

What denomination was especially fast growing in the South after Reconstruction?

African Methodist Episcopal

What did the Joint Committee on Recontruction find?

Blacks were being treated very poorly, and white Southern whites didn't seem to realize they had lost the war

Why did the newly freed slaves organize their own churches?

Freed slaves were tired of being treated like second-class citizens in whites churches The Black preachers had very different styles than white ministers Freed slaves were unhappy with message they received in white churches

How did Andrew Johnson's becoming president affect blacks?

Johnson felt that Blacks should not vote or have role in government, and were vastly inferior to whites and Johnson destroyed many of their hopes

How did Johnson treat the former Confederates?

Johnson treated them with extreme leniency and many of the high leaders were granted pardons under Johnson

What was a common feature of many sharecropping agreements?

Laborers could not quit or strike Landowners sometimes made requirements about what crops could be planted and raised Most of the time, landowners accepted a share of the crop for rent

How did Lincoln changing his opinion of Blacks shortly before he was assassinated?

Lincoln suggested that perhaps some Blacks who were educated or veterans should be able to vote

Why did many oppose the land bill Thaddeus Stevens introduced in Congress in late 1865?

Many individuals felt that property rights of Southerners were more important than granting land to Blacks

What was the significance of the Election of 1866?

Republicans gained two-thirds majorities in both the House and Senate and could, therefore, override any presidential veto

What was the first concern of many African Americans once they achieved freedom?

Reuniting with lost family members

What Black man was selected from South Carolina to participate in the 1864 Republican National Convention?

Robert Smalls

How did former slaves react to freedom?

Some exhibited anger toward their formers masters Some were very concerned about their futures and concerns Some ran away immediately

How did whites react to Blacks attemping to establish scholls in the South?

Sometimes by burning school buildings Sometimes with violence, including killing teachers With verbal opposition, stating that Blacks simply could not learn

What was true about the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was intended to make Black codes illegal

What were the terms of Johnson's Reconstruction plan?

The Confederate states had to formally accept the Thirteenth Amendment, and repudiate Confederate war debts

What effect did the First Reconstruction Act have on Black political power?

The First Reconstruction Act stated all adult males could vote(with a few exceptions) and was the culmination of all Blacks had been working for

What did the Fourteenth Amendment not do?

The Fourteenth Amendment explicitly gave Black men the right to vote

What was the problem with the labor contracts for many Blacks?

The contracts were rarely done voluntarily, or on an equal basis Blacks ended up at about the same station as during slavery

What was a limitation of the Freedmen's Bureau?

There were never enough personnel involved and staff members frequently held racist views of Blacks The Freedmen's Bureau was given huge responsibilities, including education, mediating labor contracts, obtaining land, and settling criminal disputes Congress failed to appropriate enough money to the Freedmen's Bureau

What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

To help assist the newly freed slaves in their transition to fredom

Why did many Blacks meet in conventions in 1865 and 1866 across the South?

To protest the Black codes, and respectfullyask that whites live up to the ideals of America

Why was there so much violence in the South after the Civil War?

White southerners were Frustrated by their loss during the Civil War, and resented Blacks acquiring freedom and status