African American chapter 12
What characteristics did some black and white ministers preach against in their sermons to freed slaves?
A lack of morals, drinking, and gambling
What denomination was especially fast growing in the South after Reconstruction?
African Methodist Episcopal
What did the Joint Committee on Recontruction find?
Blacks were being treated very poorly, and white Southern whites didn't seem to realize they had lost the war
Why did the newly freed slaves organize their own churches?
Freed slaves were tired of being treated like second-class citizens in whites churches The Black preachers had very different styles than white ministers Freed slaves were unhappy with message they received in white churches
How did Andrew Johnson's becoming president affect blacks?
Johnson felt that Blacks should not vote or have role in government, and were vastly inferior to whites and Johnson destroyed many of their hopes
How did Johnson treat the former Confederates?
Johnson treated them with extreme leniency and many of the high leaders were granted pardons under Johnson
What was a common feature of many sharecropping agreements?
Laborers could not quit or strike Landowners sometimes made requirements about what crops could be planted and raised Most of the time, landowners accepted a share of the crop for rent
How did Lincoln changing his opinion of Blacks shortly before he was assassinated?
Lincoln suggested that perhaps some Blacks who were educated or veterans should be able to vote
Why did many oppose the land bill Thaddeus Stevens introduced in Congress in late 1865?
Many individuals felt that property rights of Southerners were more important than granting land to Blacks
What was the significance of the Election of 1866?
Republicans gained two-thirds majorities in both the House and Senate and could, therefore, override any presidential veto
What was the first concern of many African Americans once they achieved freedom?
Reuniting with lost family members
What Black man was selected from South Carolina to participate in the 1864 Republican National Convention?
Robert Smalls
How did former slaves react to freedom?
Some exhibited anger toward their formers masters Some were very concerned about their futures and concerns Some ran away immediately
How did whites react to Blacks attemping to establish scholls in the South?
Sometimes by burning school buildings Sometimes with violence, including killing teachers With verbal opposition, stating that Blacks simply could not learn
What was true about the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was intended to make Black codes illegal
What were the terms of Johnson's Reconstruction plan?
The Confederate states had to formally accept the Thirteenth Amendment, and repudiate Confederate war debts
What effect did the First Reconstruction Act have on Black political power?
The First Reconstruction Act stated all adult males could vote(with a few exceptions) and was the culmination of all Blacks had been working for
What did the Fourteenth Amendment not do?
The Fourteenth Amendment explicitly gave Black men the right to vote
What was the problem with the labor contracts for many Blacks?
The contracts were rarely done voluntarily, or on an equal basis Blacks ended up at about the same station as during slavery
What was a limitation of the Freedmen's Bureau?
There were never enough personnel involved and staff members frequently held racist views of Blacks The Freedmen's Bureau was given huge responsibilities, including education, mediating labor contracts, obtaining land, and settling criminal disputes Congress failed to appropriate enough money to the Freedmen's Bureau
What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
To help assist the newly freed slaves in their transition to fredom
Why did many Blacks meet in conventions in 1865 and 1866 across the South?
To protest the Black codes, and respectfullyask that whites live up to the ideals of America
Why was there so much violence in the South after the Civil War?
White southerners were Frustrated by their loss during the Civil War, and resented Blacks acquiring freedom and status