Aging and the Family: Final Exam

Steps to clarify the problem

1. Does everyone agree that a problem exist? 2. How urgent is the problem, really? 3. What is behind your parent's problematic behavior? 4. What's hooking you? 5. Who must be included in problem-solving discussions? 6. What is your goal?

T or F? Greater distance increases phone contact.

F

Most common sibling tie?

Loyal

Order of what kind of GP sees their GC most often (marital status)

Married, widowed, remarried, divorced

Three basic errors well-meaning children make

1. Children act prematurely 2. Children fail to consider their parents' feelings and desires 3. Children do more than is needed

Four tasks for sibling relationships in later life

1. Companionship and Emotional Support 2. Shared reminiscence and perceptual validation. 3. Resolution of sibling rivalry. 4. Aid and direct services (i.e., instrumental support).

Steps to identify solutions

1. Decide on the needs your solution must satisfy. 2. Come up with a few possible solutions. 3. Analyze your choices and select the best solution. 4. Carry out a Murphy's Law analysis. 5. Implement and evaluate your plan.

Four basic errors parents make

1. Parents fail to consider the consequences of risks they take. 2. Parents refuse to face facts. 3. Parents withhold information. 4. Parents behave in provocative ways.

Over ___% of those age 65 have a sibling living nearby (within 30 minutes) and ___% within a day's drive. 2. 3. 4. 5.

40, 70

Closeness, mutual understanding, communication and compatibility gradually decline from ages ___ to ___ and then increase modestly when GP are in their ___ and ___.

55 to 70; 70s and 80s

About ___% of children up to age ___ live in the home of one or more of their grandparents. Neither parent is present in ___ of these families leaving the GP primarily responsible for childcare.

6%; 18; over a third (2%)

About ___ of older adults are grandparents (GP), ___ ___ will have fewer grandchildren (GC) with ___ having no grandchildren.

80%; baby boomers; 20%

What two times is interaction lowest between siblings (relating to marital status)?

Between married respondents and their married siblings; between widows and their widowed or divorced siblings

Relying on a grandparent as the primary source of child care is most common among ___ mothers, followed by __ and then ___. 2. . 3. 4. 5.

Black; Hispanic; White

___(race) are more likely to emphasize positive and supportive dimensions of sibling ties, whereas ___(race) are more likely to refer to envy and resentment than other groups.

Blacks; Whites

___ are influential mediators in the relationship between GP and GC, with ___ having the greatest influence. 13. 14. (pg. 192).

Children; daughters

A ___ style of relating is most common versus an ___ grandparenting style versus a ___ uninvolved style

Companionate; involved; remote

___ and ___ diminish with the increased age of GC,.

Contact; involvement

T or F? GC in families headed by GP are less likely to be poor, without health insurance and on public assistance.

F

T or F? GP who become parents to their GC do so due to the death of their child

F: GP become parents to their GC do so due to their children's circumstances involving drugs, alcohol, incarceration, emotional problems, abuse, etc. (sometimes because the death of their child but less likely)

T or F? Reciprocity of both emotional and practical support was greater in relationships with siblings than with children.

F: Reciprocity of both emotional and practical support was NOT greater in relationships with siblings than with children.

What are influential GP?

GP are highly involved with and emotionally close to GC, exercise authority and discipline GC, live nearby, and have close ties with their own children

What is companionate or apportioned style of grandparenting?

GP feels close to their GC without taking on a parental role; most common

What is remote style of grandparenting?

GP is not very involved, often due to geographic distance from GC

What is involved style of grandparenting?

GP often assumes parentlike responsibilities

What is a key determinant of contact?

Geographic distance

___ may play a significant nurturing role in the lives of single-parent ___' children.

Grandfathers; daughter

Do grandmothers or grandfathers report greater contact and proximity with GC? 8. 9. Email contact between GP and GC is quite frequent and contributes to satisfying relationships. 10. Relationships are dominated by the expectation of noninterference by GP and of respect by GC for their GP.

Grandmothers

Five Types of Sibling Ties in Later Life

Intimate, Congenial, Loyal, Apathetic, Hostile

Sibling relationships are slightly more important for the ___ than the ___ elderly.

Single; married

T or F? Once GP are very old (85+) their GC are not key sources of instrumental support.

T

Order of GP maintained families 7. 8. 9.

both GPs (50%), grandmother only (43%), grandfather only (6%)

What are passive and detached GP?

both are uninvolved in the lives of their GC; however, Passive GP believe they have close ties with their GC

Married persons received significantly more emotional support from their ___ than from their ___ .

children; siblings

15. Grandmothers emphasize ___, ___ and ___ while grandfathers emphasize their role as ___.

closeness; warmth; fun; advisers

What are authority-oriented GP?

distinguished themselves by being the most authoritarian style of GP leading to the most conflict and tension with their children

What are supportive GP?

emotionally close to GC but exercise no authority or discipline over GC, less contact and more conflict over how GC are being raised

___ is strongly related to sibling contact

gender (women are in greater contact regardless of proximity)

Social changes that make caregiving more difficult

greater life span, multiple family members need care, timing with life transitions, duel career, more mobile society, less stability in family relationships

GC living with GP without a parent present is the most rapidly ___ (growing/declining) co-residence arrangement.

growing

Over ___ of all caregiving GP have cared for their GC for ___ or more years and ___% have done so for 10 years or more.

half; 3; 20

What has changed GP-GC relationships?

increased labor force participation among women and increased rates of divorce at all ages

Four types of grandparent ties

influential, supportive, authority-oriented, passive and detached

Successful aging is having someone to ___, something to ___, and something to ___ for.

love; do; hope

Over the past 100 years the transition to GP has remained a phenomenon of ___ age.

middle

Grand___ report greater involvement and relationship satisfaction with grandchildren than do grand___.

mothers; fathers

Grand___ with ____ care for GC suffer declines in ___ and increases in ___.

mothers; primary; heath; depression

Seven variables of sibling ties in later life

perceived closeness, amount of instrumental support, amount of emotional support, degree of acceptance, importance of sibling relationship, frequency of contact, degree of envy and resentment

If I could do any one thing for the elderly, I would give them a sense of ___________ .

purpose

Greater morale is slightly more correlated with ___ than ___.

quality of sibling relationship; frequency of contact

Interaction with their sibling networks is greatest among the _________ group.

single never-married

In general, ___-___ relationships will be more intimate than other sibling relationships

sister-sister