AHS Exam 2 Study Guide
For people who need to lower their blood cholesterol levels, the American Heart Association recommends limiting saturated fat intake to ______ of total calories.
5%-6%
Individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid
Aspartame
Immediately after a meal, newly absorbed dietary fats appear in the blood as
Chylomicrons
Which of the following describes the fate of excess protein?
It is stored as fat
Which of the following plant proteins is a complete source of protein?
Quinoa
Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose?
Sugar cane
Denaturation refers to
Alteration of the three-dimensional structure of a protein
For which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source?
Brain
Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?
Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins
Sucralose (Splenda®) is made by adding
Chlorines to sucrose
Primary lactose maldigestion
Chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose
Saturated fatty acid
Contains no carbon-carbon double bonds
The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is
Converted to urea
Treating a protein with acid, heat, or agitation will cause ______, meaning that the three-dimensional structure of the protein has been altered.
Denaturation
The ______ was a landmark, multisite study designed to improve glucose control and prevent the onset of diabetes. Most impressive is that individuals that followed a healthy dietary and physical activity pattern had better glucose control than individuals treated by medication.
Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)
Which of the following are appropriate use of aspartame?
Diet soft drinks Sugar free gum Sugar free gelatin desserts
Sugar alcohols are advantageous in food products because they
Do not promote dental caries Provide fewer calories than sugar
Fatty fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of which omega-3 fatty acid?
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
The main function of glucose is to supply _______ for the body.
Energy
True or false: Aspartame is heat stable so it is appropriate for use in cooking.
False
The main problem with the fat replacer olestra is that it can reduce absorption of
Fat-soluble vitamins
Which of the following is true about the fate of fatty acids after their absorption?
Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the hepatic portal vein
Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.
Glucose
The three-carbon structure that forms the "backbone" of a triglyceride is called
Glycerol
Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion?
High-density lipoprotein
Most plant proteins are ______ proteins, which means that they are low in one or more of the essential amino acids.
Incomplete
Diets high in trans fatty acids tend to ______ the level of LDL in the blood.
Increase
The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and
Lactose
______ is a condition in which one lacks the enzyme lactase. Symptoms include gas and bloating after consuming dairy products.
Lactose intolerance
Gram for gram, which of the following contains the most cholesterol?
Liver
Because the ______ diet is recognized as being low in meat, rich in fresh fruit and vegetables, low in added sugar, and low in saturated fat, it has been recommended as a sustainable alternative to the MyPlate dietary pattern.
Mediterranean
After dietary fats are digested, the small intestinal cells absorb a mixture of
Monoglycerides and fatty acids
Olive and canola oils contain a high percentage of _____ fatty acids.
Monounsaturated
The monosaccharides and the disaccharides are designated as BLANK because they provide calories.
Nutritive sweeteners
Gestational diabetes
Occurs in some pregnant women and resolves after the baby is born
Monounsaturated fatty acid
One carbon-carbon double bond
A monounsaturated fatty acid contains
One double bond
The disease phenylketonuria (PKU) illustrates how a nonessential amino acid can become conditionally essential as a result of a genetic disease. A person with PKU has a limited ability to metabolize the essential amino acid
Phenylalanine
What are the components of a phospholipid molecule?
Phosphorus-containing molecule Glycerol backbone
The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called
Photosynthesis
_ is a cholesterol-rich substance deposited in blood vessels
Plaque
Donovan has been consuming large quantities of food and in violation of safe rules of athletic training is injecting testosterone. He has been seeing large temporary gains in muscle mass. He is in a state of
Positive protein balance
Which of the following is a true statement about the effects of sugar?
Prolonged exposure of the teeth to simple sugars from snacks and drinks promotes dental caries
Kwashiorkor and marasmus are two forms of
Protein-energy malnutrition
Antibodies are
Proteins produced by white blood cells as part of the immune response
Rancidity
Reduces the shelf life of a product creating a problem for the food industry and restaurant. To prevent the problem, manufacturers add partially hydrogenated plant oils to products
Butter contains mostly ______ fatty acids.
Saturated
What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein?
Sequence of events in protein synthesis
Which type of anemia results from an error in the DNA code?
Sickle cell anemia
All sweeteners are compared to the sweetness found in
Sucrose
Secondary lactose maldigestion
Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Two or more carbon-carbon double bonds
One of the richest plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids is
Walnuts
Examples of refined grain products include
White flour, de-germed cornmeal, white bread, and white rice
A child with marasmus
is very susceptible to infections
Glucose is absorbed via ______ absorption.
Active
Type 1 diabetes
A form of diabetes characterized by total insulin deficiency due to destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
The Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting added sugar intake to less than ______ of total calories.
10%
The Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber for an adult woman who consumes about 1800 kcal per day is
25 grams per day
It takes approximately ______ kilograms of grain to produce 1 kilogram of animal protein in cereal-fed animals.
3
According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide BLANK% to BLANK% of total calories in the diet.
45, 65
One serving of pita chips provides ______% of the Daily Value for fat.
6
Type 2 diabetes
A form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity