Airway
What percentage of CO2 is inhaled?
.04%
How much of the ventilation cycle does inspiration consume?
1/3
What is the average dead space within the body?
150 ml
What is the percentage of air that we breathe out?
16% Oxygen
If administering CPR, and EtCO2 Measure is available, what is the range for adequate compressions?
18 - 20
How many lobes are in the left lung?
2
How much of the ventilation cycle does expiration consume?
2/3
What is the percentage of air that we breathe in?
21% Oxygen
How many lobes are in the right lung?
3
What is the average inspiratory reserve volume?
3000 ml
What is the range of PaCO2 (CO2) in the body?
35 - 45
What is percentage of CO2 exhaled?
4%
What is the average tidal volume of an adult?
500 ml or 5 - 7 ml/kg
What is the average total lung capacity?
6 Liters of Air
What mechanic of ventilation causes pressure changes brought about by contraction and relaxation of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm?
Accomplished
What is lymphatic tissue that filters bacteria, located on the posterior nasopharyngeal wall?
Adenoids and Tonsils
What is the #1 drug used for COPD Management?
Albuterol
What is the name of the functional site for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is balloon-like cluster of single-layer air sacs?
Alveoli
Where are oxygen levels and blood pressure mainly monitored?
Aorta / Carotids
What is the term that describes the top portion of the lungs?
Apex
What increases respirations?
Apneustic Center
What is the name of the pyramid-like cartilaginous structures that forms the posterior attachment of the vocal cords, also called the voice box?
Arytenoid Cartilage
If a "shark fin" wave form presents, with a patient who you are monitoring their EtCO2, what condition is your patient experiencing?
Asthma / COPD
What term describes the collapsed alveoli due to poor little alveoli that can't expand due to disease/damage?
Atelectasis
During ventilation's, what is the point at which division into two branches occur?
Bifurcations
What is the name of the structure that divides into increasingly smaller bronchi?
Bronchus
What is the primary respiratory drive?
CO2
What does A - B of EtCO2 Monitoring, measure?
CO2 Free Gas in the Deadspace of the Airways
What happens when a patient hyperventilates?
CO2 Goes Down
What happens when a patient hypoventilates
CO2 Goes Up
What is the name of the term of the continuous reading of the concentration of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in respiratory gases?
Capnography
What is the name of the term of the numeric reading of the concentration of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in respiratory gases?
Capnometry
Where does the trachea divide into the right and left mainstem bronchi?
Carina
What picks up high CO2 levels?
Central Chemoreceptors in the Medulla
What type of receptors helps triggers your body to breathe?
Chemoreceptors
What is COPD?
Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema
What is the nasal cavity lined with?
Ciliated Mucous Membrane
What is a congenital defect where the palate has a fissure in it?
Cleft Palate
What does C - D of EtCO2 Monitoring measure?
Continuation of exhalation or the plateau
Body Temperature, Medications, Hypoxia, Acidosis, and Metabolic Rate and all factors of what?
Control of Ventilation
What is the name of the structure that lies inferiorly to the thyroid cartilage and forms the lowest portion of the larynx along with being the only upper airway structure that forms a complete ring?
Cricoid Cartilage
What is the name of the structure that is between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages that is the sire for emergency surgical and nonsurgical access to the airway?
Cricothyroid Membrane
What is the wave form that describes your patient waking up during EtCO2 Monitoring?
Curare Cleft
What does D of EtCO2 Monitoring measure?
End-Tidal Value / Peak Concentration
What is name of the leaf-shaped cartilaginous flap that is located on the superior border of the glottis opening?
Epiglottis
What is the passive process of breathing that causes the respiratory muscles to relax at the end of inhalation.
Exhalation
What does B - C of EtCO2 Monitoring, measure?
Exhalation upstroke where dead space gas mixes with lung gas
What is the process of air moving out of the lungs?
Expiration
What term describes the percentage of oxygen in inhaled air?
Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FIO2)
What term describes the amount of air that can be forced form the lungs in a single exhalation?
Functional Reserve Capacity
What is the name of space in between the vocal cords and the narrowest portion of the adult's airway?
Glottis
What palate is anterior and separates the nose and mouth?
Hard Palate
Where does all of the blood vessels and the bronchi enter each lung?
Hilum
What term describes the small horseshoe shaped bone that is beneath the mandible and anchors tongue muscle to jaw to suspend the airway?
Hyoid Bone
What is the active process of ventilation that is initiated by contraction of the respiratory muscles?
Inhalation
What is the process of air moving into the lungs?
Inspiration
What does D - E of EtCO2 Monitoring measure?
Inspiration Washout
What are the two phases of ventilation?
Inspiration and Expiration
What term describes the amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to normal tidal volume?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
What is the name of the spasmodic closure of the vocal cords, which seals off the airway and has a reflex that normally lasts a few seconds - if persistent it threatens the airway by preventing ventilation?
Laryngospasms
What picks up the chemical controls of ventilation's?
Medulla and Aortic Arch
What is the term that describes the amount of air that moves into and out of the respiratory tract per minute?
Minute Volume
Where does the involuntary control of breathing originate?
Neural Control of Ventilation
What is your hypoxic drive, driven by?
O2
What forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity?
Oropharynx
What part of the lung covers the cavity (chest wall)?
Parietal Pleura
_____________ is (open) establishing, maintaining, and ensuring effective oxygenation are vital aspects of effective patient care.
Patent Airway
What controls the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles?
Phrenic and Intercostal Nerves
What decreases respirations and normally overrides the apneustic center?
Pneumotaxic Center
When intubating a patient and tenting of the skin under the jaw occurs, due to causing damage to the two pockets of tissue on the lateral borders of the larynx - this structure is called?
Pyriform Fossae
What term describes the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells.
Respiration
What sets the rates of breathing?
Respiratory Center in the Medulla
What palate is posterior, and where the uvula hangs?
Soft Palate
What does B of EtCO2 Monitoring, measure?
Start of Alveolar Exhalation
What is the term that describes the protein that allows substance that decreases the surface tension of alveolar walls and keeps them expanded?
Surfactant
What system includes the organs and structures associated with breathing, gas exchange, and the entrance of air into the body?
The Respiratory System
What is the name of the shield-shaped structure that is formed by two plates that join in a "V" shape anteriorly?
Thyroid Cartilage
What is the term that describes the measure of depth of breathing?
Tidal Volume
What is name of the structure that is a conduit for air entry into the lungs?
Trachea
What improves the processes of warming, filtering, and humidification of inhaled air?
Turbinates
What is the name of the soft tissue structure that resembles a punching bad and is located in the posterior aspect of the oral cavity?
Uvula
What is name of the stretch receptors in the lungs / chest inhibit respiration, and limits inspiration / stops overexpansion when you breathe?
Vagal Reflex (Hering-Breuer)
What is the name of the anatomic space or pocket that is located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis and is an important landmark for ET Intubation?
Vallecula
What term describes the movement of air into and outside the body?
Ventilation
What part of the lung covers the organ?
Visceral Pleura
What is a major functions of the upper airway?
Warm, Filter, and Humidify Air
What happens if you push air to fast in to the lungs?
causes turbulent flow
What is the primary function of the lower airway?
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
What does an increase in acidity of the CSF cause?
increase and depth of breathing
What is primary regulation of the exchange of oxygen within your body?
pH of the CSF
