Geography Final Review

The term used to describe a married mother and father and their children?

nuclear family

Approximately ________ of the earth's remaining rain forests are located in South America.

one-half

Of all the greenhouse emissions produced worldwide, North America accounts for approximately _________.

one-quarter

Geography as a discipline links the _____ with the ______.

physical sciences, social sciences

The study of growth and decline of the numbers of people on earth, their distribution across the earth's surface, age and sex distributions and migration patterns is the study of:

population

A graph that depicts a country's age and sec structures is called a

population pyramid

The leading cause of death among girls 15-19 worldwide is____

pregnancy

On family farms, women are most often responsible for:

producing the family food in gardens

Cartographers solve the problem of showing the spherical earth on a flat piece of paper by using:

projections

The amount that a local currency equivalent of US $1 will purchase in a given country is a measure of?

purchase power parity

The units of the earth's surface that contains distinct patterns of physical features or of human activities?

region

What concept is used to identify an area of the earth's surface that contains distinct patterns of human or physical activity or features?

region

Between 1945 and 2009, the earth's population:

roughly tripled

Which of the following refers to the relationship between the distances shown on the map and the actual distances on the earth's surface?

scale

______ refers to the biological category of male or female, while ____ refers to the differences between the sexes as defined by a particular social group?

sex, gender

The yellow-brown haze of industrial emissions and car exhaust that hovers over many cities is called ____

smog

The study of how people, objects, or ideas are related to one another across space is called

spatial analysis

The chief source of river pollution in North America is

storm-water runoff

to fit the spherical earth onto a flat map, a Mercator projection:

stretches out the poles, depicting them with lines equal to the length of the equator

What is the name of the tectonic process that has created many of the mountains in Middle and South America?

subduction

What is the name of the tectonic process that has created the mountain ranges running along the Pacific coast of mainland Middle and South America and the Caribbean islands?

subduction

The United Nations defines ___________ as the effort to improve present living standards in ways that will not jeopardize this of future generations.

sustainable development

The efforts to improve present living standards in ways that will not jeopardize the future generation fall under the general heading of:

sustainable development

Huge heaps of mining waste are called?

tailing

taxes imposed on imported goods are?

tariffs

The source of the Amazon River is found in

the Andes

In a large city, wealthy resident are most likely to live in:

the core

Meaning of the term sustainable development

the efforts to improve present standards of living without jeopardizing those of future generations

What is not contributing to deforestation in Middle/South America?

the increased volcanic activity in the region

Gentrification

the process by which well-educated people invest in run down urban areas displacing the poor from the neighborhood

The world's largest industry is:

tourism

What term refers to the encroachment of suburbs on agricultural land?

urban srawl

The total amount of water that a person uses in a year, directly or indirectly, is called the _______.

water footprint

What typically occurs with the shift from a subsistence economy to a cash economy?

young children become an economic drain on the family

Tropical rain forests absorb approximately __% of the carbon dioxide added to the earth's atmosphere yearly by human activity.

18

In 1492, roughly ______ Native Americans lived in North America, By 1907, about _________ remain.

18 million; 400,000

Today, Native American reservations cover about ___% of land in the US and ___% if land in Canada

2, 20

Most of the earth's population lives between ___ latitude and _____ latitude

20 N 60 N

The five percent of the world's population that lives in North America produces what share of the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere?

26%

Roughly ____% of the oil used in the US comes from countries along the Persian Gulf.

30

North America is home to ___% of the world's population.

5

The 2009, the earth's population was approximately:

6.7 billion

Approximately ____% of Native Americans were killed by infectious diseases within 100 years of first European contact.

90

The Appalachian Mountains were created when the North American Plate collided with:

Africa

What was the Berlin Airlift?

Allies dropped thousands of tons of supplies to those trapped in Berlin when their supplies were cut off

Through which South American country does the equator NOT pass through?

Argentina

Which of the following is NOT a port city?

Atlanta

With US aid, Salvador Allende of Chile was replaced by military dictator ______

Augusto Pinochet

In nearly all societies families prefer boys over girls. This is trues for what reasons>

Boys have a greater earning capacity as adults, boys will perpetuation the family name, boys ill have more social power as adults

What country contains most of the Amazon River Basin?

Brazil

Which country in Middle/South America has an authoritarian government?

Cuba

The great drought that affected the Great Plain of North America in the 1920s is known as the

Dust Bowl

Measure of income

GDP

the prime meridian runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through -

Greenwich, England

Several African countries are experiencing sharply lowered life expectancies due to?

HIV/AIDS

The president of Venezuela was:

Hugo Chavez

What was the name of the indigenous empire that made its home in parts of the present-day countries of Columbia, Chile, and Argentina?

Incas

When Columbus arrived in the Americas, the largest state in Middle/South America belonged to the:

Incas

Which country pioneered gender integration in the military?

Israel

What city now lies on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan?

Mexico City

From where did the humans who settles Middle and South America originally migrate?

Northeast Asia

Through which ocean does the longitude line at 180 degrees run?

Pacific

Which mountain range dominates western North America?

Rocky Mountains

What is lowland South America's largest physical feature?

The Amazon Basin

The mountain chain that extends along the western edge of Middle/South America is known as ____ in Mexico and as _____ in South America.

The Sierra Madre, The Andes

__________ is found at the southern tip of South America.

Tierra del Fuego

The United States has funded armed interventions in all of then following countries EXCEPT:

Venezuela

An unintended effects of a society's preference for boys over girls can be...

a shortage in of marriageable women

What significantly aided the Spaniards in their defeat of the Aztecs?

a smallpox epidemic brought by the Spaniards

You visit a city and notice that many of the buildings and bridges are showing signs of corrosion. The corrosion may be a result of:

acid rain

Shifting cultivation refers to an agricultural system in which

agricultural plots are harvested and then left for several year to regenerate

developing nations are usually characterized by ______ economies, while developed nations are usually characterized by the presence of _______ industries.

agricultural, service

Which of the following relationships is accounted for in the rate of natural increase?

birth rates and death rates in a given population

What term describes an abandoned, degraded industrial site that poses an obstacle to development?

brownfields

The number of people a given place can support sustainably is its.....

carrying capacity

the making of maps is called

cartography

The logging method by which all trees on a given plot of land are cut down, regardless of age, health, or species is

clear cutting

the logging method by which all trees on a given plot of land are cut down, regardless of age, health, or species, is ____

clear-cutting

The term commonly used to describe the period from 1946 until the early 1990's when the Unites States and its western European allies faced off against the USSR and its allies is the ______.

cold war

A _________ takes place when the military takes control of a government by force

coup d'etat

What are the units that show distance on a map?

degree, minute, and second

Canada's form of government is

democracy

_______ encourages visitors from developed countries to appreciate ecosystems and wildlife that do not exist in their part of the world.

ecotourism

The globe is divided into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at the:

equator

through what landscape process do forces of wind and water move pieces of rock and soil?

erosion

In a country with traditional gender roles, men are more likely to serve as ______ while women serve as _____.

executives, homemakers

In which sector of the economy is agriculture?

extraction

What are the sectors of the economy?

extraction, industrial production, and services

An alternative to free trade, _____________ seeks to provide a fair price to procedures and to uphold environmental and safer standards in the workplace?

fair trade

What are characteristics of the green revolution?

genetically engineered seeds, large, sophisticated machinery, and large tracts of land

A country is moving from a subsistence economy to a cash economy. This movement is most likely accompanied by what?

greater need for skilled workers, a better health-care system, and lower birth rates

Development may decrease human well-being by:

having negative effects on the environment

Which of the following activities would occur in the informal economy?

housework

How does the United Nations' calculate the Human Development Index?

income adjusted to purchasing power parity, life expectancy at birth, and educational attainment of the population

What term refers to native populations of region, as distinct fro those who migrate in later?

indigenous

What is not true of the brain drain?

it occurs mostly from one country to another

What are explanations for a gender imbalances within a population pyramid?

males are killed during wars, females live 5 years longer than men, cultural preference for males, females receive less health care

The term coined to described the urban band from Boston to Washington DC is

megalopolis

The Great Lakes were formed by:

melting glaciers

Lines of longitude are also known as:

meridians