Alcohols

Acetaldehyde

The combination of ethanol and disulfiram results in nausea and hypotension as a result of the accumulation of which of the following?

NAD+

The cytochrome P450-dependent microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) pathway of ethanol metabolism is most likely to be maximally activated under the condition of low concentrations of

Antagonist of opioid receptors

The intense craving experienced by those who are trying to recover from chronic alcohol abuse can be ameliorated by a drug that is an

Mental retardation and craniofacial abnormalities

pregnant woman with alcoholism presented... early stages of labor... consumed large amounts of alcohol throughout pregnancy. This patient's infant is at high risk of a syndrome that includes

Thiamine

A 42-year-old man with a history of alcoholism is brought to the emergency department in a confused and delirious state. He has truncal ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. The most appropriate immediate course of action is to administer diazepam plus

Arrhythmia

A 45-year-old moderately obese man has been drinking heavily for 72 h. This level of drinking is much higher than his regular habit of drinking 1 alcoholic drink per day. His only significant medical problem is mild hypertension, which is adequately controlled by metoprolol. With this history, this man is at significant risk for

Comatose and near death

A freshman student (weight 70 kg) attends a college party where he rapidly consumes a quantity of an alcoholic beverage that results in a blood level of 500 mg/dL. Assuming that this young man has not had an opportunity to develop tolerance to ethanol, his present condition is best characterized as

Methanol

A homeless middle-aged male patient in state of intoxication... behaviorally disinhibited and rowdy... recently consumed about a pint of a red-colored liquid that his friends were using to "get high." He complains that his vision is blurred and that it is "like being in a snowstorm." His breath smells a bit like formaldehyde. He is acidotic. Most likely cause of this patient's intoxicated state?

fomepizole

Inhibit the metabolic production of a toxic metabolite of the poison (methanol intoxication)

Induces liver drug-metabolizing enzymes

The regular ingestion of moderate or heavy amounts of alcohol predisposes to hepatic damage after overdose of acetaminophen because of chronic ethanol ingestion

Naltrexone

competitive inhibitor of opioid receptors, decreases the craving for alcohol in patients who are recovering from alcoholism.

Wernicke's encephalopathy

delirium, gait disturbances, and paralysis of the external eye muscles. Thymine deficiency

Diazepam

prevents alcohol withdrawal