All
Weeks vs. USA (1914)
" the tendency of those who execute the criminal laws of the country to obtain convictions by means of unlawful searches and enforced confessions... Should find no sanction in the judgment of courts" - Adopted the "exclusionary rule"
In following the Eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court has used which of the following tests to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment?
* Determining if a punishment violates "fundamental standards of good conscience and fairness" * Determining if a punishment is "unnecessarily cruel" * Determining whether a punishment is "disprportionate to the offence"
Match the clause with its description.
* Establishment Clause: requires government neutrality toward religious institutions. * Free-exercise Clause: prohibts the government from interfering with individuals' practice of their religion.
The free-exercise clause has been interpreted to mean that ______.
- Americans cannot always act on their religious beliefs if they conflict with other laws - Americans can hold any religious belief of their choosing
Match the constitutional amendment to the right(s) it protects.
* First Amendment: right to speech, press, assembly and religion. * Second Amendment: Right to bear arms. * Fourth Amendment: protection against unreasonable search and seizure. * Fifth Amendment: protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy. * Sixth Amendment: right to a jury trial, an attorney, and to confront witnesses. * Eighth Amendment: protection against cruel and unusual punishment.
The establishment clause of the Constitution restricts which of the following?
* Government from supporting religion over no religion. * Government from favoring one religion over another.
The Supreme Court has recently employed the Eighth Amendment to ban which of the following?
* Life sentences wihtout parole for juveniles. * The death penalty for juveniles. * The death penalty for the mentally ill.
Which of the following statements are true concerning the right of assembly?
* Public officials can regulate the time and place of assemblies. * Individuals cannot hold an assembly at a busy intersection during rush hour. * Regulations of public assembles must be applied fairly to all groups.
Which of the following amendments contribute to ensuring criminal due process?
* The Sixth Amendment * The Fourth Amendement * The Eighth Amendment * The Fifth Amendment
Since the 1950s, what has been the government's approach to free speech?
* The Supreme Court has ruled that spoken words do not pose a true threat to national security, so Americans can speak their minds politically. * Not a single individual has been convicted solely for criticizing the government's war policies. * The Supreme Court has ruled national security must truly be at risk before the government can limit speech.
In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006), the Supreme Court ruled that enemy combatant detainees were protected by which of the following?
* The U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice. * The Geneva Convention.
Why was the National Security Agency's wiretapping of phone calls and e-mail messages originating in the United States, first revealed by The New York Times in 2005, controversial?
* The wiretapping had been authorized by President George W. Bush without approval from the courts. * The NSA had collected data on nearly every call made by Americans.
Freedom of expression
* does not cover some forms of commercial speech, such as advertising. * allows individual Americans to communicate thoughts of their choosing. * does not cover obscene forms of sexual expression.
Free speech is usually protected in the United States unless it
* involves faluse commerical advertising claims. * leads to imminent and lawless action. * presents a clear and present danger to others.
The Bill of Rights protects some civil liberties, including freedom
* of the press. * of speech. * of assembly.
What are the religious clauses in the First Amendment?
* the free-exercise clause * the establishment clause
Roe vs Wade
- 1973 - Abortion - Gave women full freedom to choose abortion during the first three months (1st trimester) of pregnancy
Lemon Test
- Created after Lemon vs. Kurtzman - 3 point test - States that the policy must have non-religious purpose, the principle must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion, and the policy must not foster "an excessive government entanglement with religion"
In following the Eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court has used ____, ____, and ____ test to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment
- Determining whether a punishment is "disproportionate to the offense" - Determining if a punishment is "unnecessarily cruel" - Determining if a punishment violates "fundamental standards of good conscience fairness"
Mapp vs. Ohio (1961)
- Incorporated the "exclusionary rule" and made it applicable to the states
Miranda vs. Arizona (1966)
- Incorporated the Miranda Rights - Protects the right to remain silent , and the right to an attorney
Which of the following are true of the inevitable discovery exception?
- It allows admission of tainted evidence in certain cases. - It states that exclusion of physical evidence that would have been found anyway has no effect on the fairness of a trial.
Free speech is usually protected in the United States unless it :
- Presents a clear and present danger to others - leads to imminent and lawless action - Involves false commercial advertising claims
Which of the following statements are true of libel and slander?
- Public officials can usually be criticized freely without fear the writer or speaker will have to pay for damages due to libel or slander. - Laws on libel and slander are based on the assumption that society has an interest in encouraging media and citizens to express themselves freely.
True statements about libel and slander
- Public officials can usually be criticized freely without fear the writer or speaker will have to pay for damages due to libel or slander. - Laws on libel and slander are based on assumption that society has an interest in encouraging media and citizens to express themselves freely
Which of the following statements are true concerning the right of assembly:
- Regulations of public assemblies must be applied fairly to all groups - Individuals cannot hold an assembly at a busy intersection during rush hour - Public officials can regulate the time and place of assemblies
Inevitable Discovery Exception
- States that exclusion of physical evidence that would have been found anyway has no effect on fairness of a trial - Allows admission of tainted evidence in certain cases - was developed in the case of Nix vs. Williams (1984)
Which of the following statements are true concerning the Supreme Court's decisions involving symbolic speech?
- The Supreme Court has ruled that burning an American flag is a protected form of symbolic speech. - The Supreme Court has protected symbolic speech nearly as vigorously as actual speech.
Since the 1950s, what has been the government's approach to free speech?
- The Supreme Court has ruled that spoken words do not pose a true threat to national security, so Americans can speak their minds politically - Not a single individual has been convicted solely for criticizing the government's war policies - The Supreme Court has ruled that national security must truly be at risk before the government can limit speech
In order for police roadblocks to check drivers to be legal, they must conform to which of the following?
- They must be systematic and not arbitrary. - They serve an important highway safety objective.
In following the Eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court has used which of the following tests to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment?
- determining if a punishment is "unnecessarily cruel" - determining whether a punishment is "disproportionate to the offence" - determining if a punishment violates "fundamental standards of good conscience and fairness"
The establishment clause of the Constitution restricts which of the following?
- government from favoring one religion over another - government from supporting religion over no religion
The Bill of Rights protects a number of civil liberties, including freedom ______.
- of the press - of speech - of assembly
Which of the following are considered civil liberties?
- right to a fair trial - freedom of religion - freedom of speech
For the government to restrict speech, the imminent lawless action test requires ______.
- that the speech must be directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action - that the speech must actually be likely to produce lawless action - that it satisfy two criteria for speech advocating the unlawful use of force
Which of the following amendments contribute to ensuring criminal due process?
- the Fourth Amendment - the Fifth Amendment - the Sixth Amendment - the Eighth Amendment
In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006), the Supreme Court ruled that enemy combatant detainees were protected by which of the following?
- the Geneva Convention - the U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice
What are the religious clauses in the First Amendment?
- the establishment clause - the free-exercise clause
The Bill of Rights protects civil liberties related to criminal procedure, including which of the following?
- the right to a jury trial - protection from unreasonable searches - the right to an attorney - protection from self-incrimination
The Second Amendment protects and supports which of the following?
- the right to keep and bear arms - a well-regulated militia
Which of the following constitutional protections were at issue in the Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?
- the right to remain silent - the right to an attorney
In following the Eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court has used which of the following tests to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment?
-Determining whether a punishment is "disproportionate to the office" -determining if a punishment violates "fundamental standards of good conscience and fairness" -determining if a punishment is "unnecessary cruel"
Which of the following statements are true concerning the right of assembly?
-Regulations of public assemblies must be applied fairly to all groups. -Individuals cannot hold an assembly at a busy intersection during rush hour. -Public officials can regulate the time and place of assemblies.
Which of the following statements are true regarding incarceration rates in the United States?
-The United States has the largest prison population in the world on a per-capita basis -The number of federal and state prisoners has more than doubled since 1990 -Most state legislatures have enacted stiffer criminal penalties in the past two decades
The establishment clause of the Constitution restricts which of the following?
-government from favoring one religion over another -government supporting religion over no religion
The establishment clause of the Constitution restrict which of the following?
-government from supporting religion over no religion -government from favoring one religion over another
Free speech is usually protected in the United States unless it:
-leads to imminent and lawless action -involves false commercial advertising claims -presents a clear and present danger to others.
The Bill of Rights protects some civil liberties, including freedom:
-of speech -of assembly -of the press
The imminent lawless action test:
-says that for speech to be restricted, it must be directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action -has two criteria for speech advocating the unlawful use of force to be prohibited -says that speech must be likely to produce lawless action
From the late 1950s to 2010, how many Americans have been convicted solely for criticizing the government's war policies?
0
from the 1950 to 2010, how many people have been convicted solely for criticizing the governments war policies
0
1) establishment clause 2) free-exercise clause
1) requires government neutrality toward religious institutions 2) prohibits the government from interfering with individuals' practice of their religion
Miranda Warning
1. You have the right to remain silent. 2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in the court of law. 3. You have the right to talk to a lawyer, and have him/her present with you while you are being questioned. 4. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you before questioning, if you wish. 5. You can decide at any time to exercise these rights and not answer any questions or make any statements *created in Kansas City, Missouri* *must knowingly and willingly waive rights*
In which decade did the election of "tough on crime" candidates lead to state legislatures enacting stiffer penalties for crime while also limiting judges' abilities to reduce sentences for nonviolent crimes of first-time offenders?
1990s
In what year, in the case of District of Columbia v. Heller, did the Supreme Court finally address the issue of how the Second Amendment should be interpreted?
2008
which amendment to the united states constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures
4th
which amendment to the united states constitution protects individuals from testifying against themselves in a court of law?
5th
Slander
A false verbal statement about other people
Libel
A false written statement about other people that harms their reputation
What has the Supreme Court ruled concerning police use of modern technology, such as listening or thermal-imaging devices, to investigate a subject?
A search warrant is required, just as it would be for other circumstances.
Wall of Separatine Doctrine
A strict separation of church and state
England's ______ gave members of Protestant sects the right to worship freely and publicly. The first Amendment reflects this tradition.
Act of Toleration
Symbolic Speech
Action not words, still protected by the 1st amendment
Accommodation Doctrine
Allows government to aid religious activity if no preference is shown toward a particular religion and if assistance it is of non-religious nature
Free-exercise Clause
Americans are free to hold any religious belief of their choosing and bans the state from restricting the free practice of any religion
Imminent Lawless Action
An imposing barrier to any government attempt to restrict speech The test: - has two criteria for speech advocating the unlawful use of force to be prohibited - says that speech must be likely to produce lawless action - says that for speech to be restricted, it must be directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action
In which 2014 case did the Supreme Court rule that companies that are "closely held" (only a few owners) are not required to provide their employees with birth control if they object on religious grounds?
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby
Griswold vs. Connecticut
Challenged state law prohibition of the use of contraceptives such as condoms or birth control even by married couples. The Court ruled that individuals have a " Zone of [personal] privacy" that the government cannot lawfully invade "emanations" led to "penumbras" which contained a generalized right to privacy
Johnson vs. Zebst (1938)
Criminal defendants in federal cases must be provided a lawyer at government expense if they cannot afford one
The legal safeguards that prevent the government from depriving citizens of life, liberty, or property without adhering to strict legal procedures are known as _________ process protections:
DUE PROCESS CLAUSE
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm unconnected to service in a militia?
District of Columbia v. Heller
What is the question at the heart of the debate over the Second Amendment?
Does the amendment give individuals the right to possess weapons?
10th Amendment
Due process Clause from Federal
The _______ clause of the First Amendment bans the state from helping religious institutions, whereas the ________ clause bans the state from restricting the free practice of religion by individuals.
ESTABLISHMENT; FREE-EXERCISE
Freedom of ___________ is the right of individual Americans to hold and communicate thoughts of their choosing:
EXPRESSION
Which of the following is likely to convince a judge that police should be issued a search warrant?
Establishing probable cause for believing a crime has been committed.
True or false: The right to appeal after conviction is guaranteed in the Constitution.
False
Which of the following is a description of the plain view exception?
Evidence found in plain sight is admissible even if a suspect was stopped for another, unrelated infraction.
Plain View Exception
Excludable evidence can be admitted in trial if discovered in plain sight in the process of arresting a suspect for another infraction - created in Whren vs. United States (1996)
Good Faith Exception
Excludable evidence can be admitted in trial if police believed they were following proper procedures
The Bill of Rights initially applied to which level or levels of government?
FEDERAL ONLY
DeJONGE v. OREGON
FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY
NEAR v. MINNESOTA
FREEDOM OF PRESS
HAMILITION v. REGENTS, U OF C
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
GITLOW v. NEW YORK
FREEDOM OF SPEECH
True or false: According to the Supreme Court, a statement that someone makes that ruins a public official's career may be considered libel or slander even if the statement is factually accurate.
False
True or false: According to the Supreme Court, police can search a person's home merely on the basis of a hunch that the owner might be breaking the law.
False
True or false: In a 1992 cases involving a St. Paul, Minnesota city ordinance, the Supreme Court ruled that the government can restrict hate speech as it causes "anger or alarm."
False
True or false: In a 1992 cases involving a St. Paul, Minnesota, city ordinance, the Supreme Court ruled that the government can restrict hate speech as it causes "anger or alarm."
False
Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects individuals from testifying against themselves in a court of law?
Fifth
Match the constitutional amendment to the right(s) it protects.
First Amendment = right to speech, press, assembly and religion Second Amendment = right to bear arms Fourth Amendment = protection against unreasonable search and seizure Fifth Amendment = protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy Sixth Amendment = right to a jury trial, an attorney, and to confront witnesses Eighth Amendment = protection against cruel and unusual punishment
Match the Supreme Court case with the freedom incorporated into the states.
Fiske v. Kansas - freedom of speech Near v. Minnesota - freedom of press Hamilton v. Regents, U of C - freedom of religion DeJonge v. Oregon - freedom of assembly and petition
Match the Supreme Court case with the freedom incorporated into the states.
Fiske v. Kansas = freedom of speech Near v. Minnesota = freedom of press Hamilton v. Regents, U of C = freedom of religion DeJonge v. Oregon = freedom of assembly
What constitutional amendment is of special significance for the Supreme Court when considering how to best protect individual rights from action by state and local governments?
Fourteenth
Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
Fourth
1st Amendment
Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly and Religion
Which of the following statements is true regarding freedom of the press?
Freedom of the press receives strong judicial protection.
Under which of the following Supreme Court cases did part of the Bill of Rights first become incorporated to apply to actions by the states?
GITLOW V. NEW YORK
Under which of the following Supreme Court cases did part of the Bill of Rights first become incorporated to apply to actions by the states?
Gitlow v. New York
Regarding freedom of the press, the Supreme Court has generally upheld the principle of no prior restraint. This principle means that:
Government generally cannot stop the news media from reporting a story
Establishment Clause
Government may not favor one religion over another or support religion over no religion and bans the state from helping religious institutions also restricts the establishment of an official religion
Prior Restraint
Government prohibition of speech or publication before it occurs
Engel vs. Vitale (1962)
Held that the establishment clause prohibits the reciting of prayers in public schools
Powell vs. AL 1932
Incorporated access to counsel Special Circumstances rule
Gideon vs. Wainwright 1963
Incorporated full right to counsel Rejected and overruled the "special circumstances rule"
Racial Profiling
Is the targeting of individuals from particular groups, such as Blacks, Hispanics, and Muslims.
How did Congress react when the former Confederate states (except Tennessee) refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment?
It placed the states under military rule until they agreed to do so.
n 1993, a Wisconsin law that allowed lengthier sentences for hate crimes was challenged as a violation of the First Amendment. How did the Court rule?
It upheld the law because it was not aimed at free speech but at actions that were not protected by the First Amendment
In 1993, a Wisconsin law that allowed lengthier sentences for hate crimes was challenged as a violation of the First Amendment. How did the Court rule?
It upheld the law because it was not aimed at free speech but at actions that were not protected by the First Amendment.
Which of these groups is typically more protective of individual rights?
Judges
The Supreme Court upheld the forced relocation of tens of thousands of Japanese Americans during World War II in which of the following cases?
Korematsu v. United States
The Supreme Court determined that privacy rights extend to consensual activity between same-sex partners in
Lawrence v. Texas
The Supreme Court determined that privacy rights extend to consensual activity between same-sex partners in ______.
Lawrence v. Texas
The Supreme Court determined that privacy rights extend to consensual activity between same-sex partners in
Lawrence v. Texas.
The Supreme Court determined that privacy rights extended to consensual activity between same-sex partners in
Lawrence vs. Texas
Which of the following statements are true of libel and slander?
Laws on libel and slander are based on the assumption that society has an interest in encouraging media and citizens to express themselves freely. Public officials can usually be criticized freely without fear the writer or speaker will have to pay for damages due to libel or slander.
The Sedition Act of 1798
Made it a crime to print harshly critical newspaper articles about the president
In which of these cases did the Supreme Court rule that the Second Amendment, with some restrictions, prohibited state and local governments from effectively banning gun ownership?
McDonald v. Chicago
Which of the following cases established that law enforcement officers must advise detainees of their rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney, before beginning questioning in a criminal investigation?
Miranda v. Arizona
Which of the following statements about slander and libel is true?
Neither libel nor slander is protected by the First Amendment.
In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that for public figures to win a libel claim, they must prove actual malice?
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
n which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that for public figures to win a libel claim, they must prove actual malice?
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
Which of the following Supreme Court cases was also known as the "Pentagon Papers" case?
New York Times Co. v. United States
The law passed by Congress following the 9/11 attacks, that allows the FBI and other intelligence agencies to access personal information and records without consent from targeted individuals is known as the USA _______ Act:
PATRIOT
The right of an individual to be left alone without any interference from others is known as the right to:
PRIVACY
Planned Parenthood vs. Casey (1992)
Pennsylvania created law that requires a minor to have a parent or guardian consent before obtaining an abortion
Reconstruction Act
Placed southern states under military rule until they ratified the 14th amendement
Riley vs. California & United States vs. Wurie
Police can search and seize physical evidence but they cannot search or seize contents of a cell phone without a warrant
Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services
Prohibited abortions from happening in state funded medical facilities
1917 Espionage Act
Prohibited forms of dissent that could have harmed the nations effort in WWI
8th Amendment
Protection against cruel and unusual punishment
5th Amendment
Protection against self-incrimination or double jeopardy
4th Amendment
Protection against unreasonable search and seizure
Which of the following statements are true concerning the right of assembly?
Public officials can regulate the time and place of assemblies. Individuals cannot hold an assembly at a busy intersection during rush hour. Regulations of public assemblies must be applied fairly to all groups.
Bill of Rights
Ratified in 1791, the first ten amendments lists a set of rights that the federal government is obliged to protect
Procedural due process
Refers to the procedures that authorities must follow before a person can lawfully be punished for an offense.
The establishment clause and free-exercise clause are related to :
Religion
6th Amendment
Right to jury trial, right to an attorney, and right to confront witnesses
The Supreme Court decision that determined that the right to privacy extended to include abortion is
Roe v. Wade
The Supreme Court decision that determined that the right to privacy extended to include abortion is::
Roe v. Wade
The Supreme Court decision that determined that the right to privacy extended to include abortion is
Roe v. Wade.
United States vs. Leon (1984)
Ruled that evidence discovered under a faulty warrant was admissible because the police acted in "good faith" - created the "good faith exception"
Indianapolis vs. Edmund
Ruled that narcotic roadblocks serve a general law enforcement purpose rather than one specific to highway safety and therefore violates the 4th Amendment requirement that police must have a warrant
New York Times Co vs. United States
Ruled that prior restraint is unconstitutional without a compelling argument for the restriction
Gitlow vs. New York
Ruled that states do not have complete power over what their residents can legally say
Columbia vs. Heller
Ruled that the second amendment protects an individual (s) right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in the militia and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense in one's home [federal]
The process by which the Supreme Court makes certain parts of the Bill of Rights applicable through the Fourteenth Amendment to actions by state governments is known as ______ incorporation:
SELECTIVE
In a case involving protester Gregory Johnson, the Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag was protected specifically as _____________ speech.
SYMBOLIC
The constitutional right to bear arms is found in which of the following amendments?
Second Amendment
In which 2011 case did the Supreme Court rule that the First Amendment's protection of speech extended even to hate speech during the funerals of soldiers killed in action?
Snyder v. Phelps
Gonzales vs. Carhart (2007)
Supreme Court held a ban on the use of a particular type of abortion, act was called the "Federal Partial-Birth Ban Act"
Bowers vs. Hardwick (1986)
Supreme Court held that the right of privacy did not extend to consensual sexual relations among adults of the same sex.
What was challenged by Lawrence v. Texas (2003)?
Texas's sodomy laws
What was challenged by Lawrence v. Texas (2003)?
Texas's sodomy laws.
In a 2020 case, what did the Supreme Court rule concerning a Montana law denying scholarship funds for children attending religious schools but granting them for children attending private secular schools?
The Court overturned the law, ruling that states cannot disqualify private schools solely because they are religious.
What was the name of the 1798 law that criminalized any speech or writings critical of the government, Congress, or the president?
The Sedition Act
Which of the following statements are true concerning the Supreme Court's decisions involving symbolic speech?
The Supreme Court has protected symbolic speech nearly as vigorously as actual speech. The Supreme Court has ruled that burning an American flag is a protected form of symbolic speech.
Incarceration Rates in the United States
The number of federal and state prisoners has more than doubled since 1990. The United States has the largest prison population in the world on a per capita basis. Most state legislatures have enacted stiffer criminal penalties in the past two decades.
Since the 1950s, what has been the government's approach to free speech?
The Supreme Court has ruled that spoken words do not pose a true threat to national security, so Americans can speak their minds politically. The Supreme Court has ruled that national security must truly be at risk before the government can limit speech. Not a single individual has been convicted solely for criticizing the government's war policies.
McDonald vs. Chicago
The Supreme Court through selective incorporation applied the Heller standard to state and local law
Which of the following acts of legislation gave government increased authority to examine medical, financial, and student records and increased surveillance of communications without a warrant or court order?
The USA Patriot Act
The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States established which principle?
The federal government can restrict free expression but it does not have unlimited authority to do so.
Where is the Bill of Rights located in the U.S. Constitution?
The first ten amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights.
Due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
The idea that the state must use procedures under the law before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property and was created after the civil war
In Brandenburg v. Ohio the Supreme Court developed which of the following tests that expanded protections for Americans to voice political opinions?
The imminent lawless action test.
The Patriot Act
The law passed by Congress, soon after 9/11 attacks, that allows the FBI and other intelligence agencies to access personal information and records without consent from targeted individuals
Exclusionary Rule
The legal principle that the government is prohibited from using evidence that was obtain unconstitutionally in trials - was adopted in Weeks vs. USA (1914) - was incorporated in Mapp vs. Ohio (1961)
What unique circumstance existed at the time of the Korematsu v. United States decision?
The nation was at war.
Selective Incorporation
The process by which the Supreme Court makes certain parts of the Bill of Rights applicable through the Fourteenth amendment actions by state governments
Why was the National Security Agency's collection of Americans' phone records, as revealed by Edward Snowden in 2013, ruled unlawful by a Federal appellate court?
The program had not been authorized by Congress.
The 1977 Supreme Court case that provided guidance on the allowable restrictions on freedom of speech and freedom of assembly upheld which of the following?
The right of an American Nazi Party group to hold a parade in Skokie, a city with a large Jewish population that included Holocaust survivors.
Freedom of Expression
The right of individual Americans to communicate thoughts of their choosing
2nd Amendment
The right to bear arms, and protects a well-regulated militia
Why was the National Security Agency's wiretapping of phone calls and email messages originating in the United States, first revealed by The New York Times in 2005, controversial?
The wiretapping had been authorized by President George W. Bush without approval from the courts. The wiretapping was specifically prohibited by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.
Why was the National Security Agency's wiretapping of phone calls and e-mail messages originating in the United States, first revealed by The New York Times in 2005, controversial?
The wiretapping was specifically prohibited by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. The wiretapping had been authorized by President George W. Bush without approval from the courts.
In order for police roadblocks to check drivers to be legal, they must conform to which of the following?
They must be systematic and not arbitrary. They can be used to check for signs of alcohol intoxication.
Which of the following is a right of the accused that is protected by the Fifth Amendment?
To have a grand jury weight the prosecution's evidence.
True or false: Although it is a core principle for most Americans, the right to privacy is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
True
True or false: The Supreme Court ruled that school administrators have discretion in searching student lockers for drugs and weapons, as they are responsible for student safety.
True
In Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court ruled that restrictions on abortion were legal so long as they didn't place an ______ ______ on a women's right to obtain an abortion.
UNDUE BURDEN
Passed by Congress soon after the 9/11 attacks, the law that allows the FBI and other intelligence agencies to access personal information and records without consent from targeted individuals is known as the ______.
USA Patriot Act
The law passed by Congress, soon after the 9/11 attacks, that allows the FBI and other intelligence agencies to access personal information and records without consent from targeted individuals is known as the
USA Patriot Act
The law passed by Congress, soon after the 9/11 attacks, that allows the FBI and other intelligence agencies to access personal information and records without consent from targeted individuals is known as the
USA Patriot Act.
The exclusionary rule is based on the Supreme Court decision in ______.
Weeks v. United States
The exclusionary rule is based on the Supreme Court decision in
Weeks v. United States (1914).
The Supreme Court consistently rules that the George W. Bush administration's practice of denying constitutional and legal protections to enemy combatants was:
Within the president's power as commander-in-chief
Which legal provision requires law enforcement officials to appear before a judge to specify the reason detaining an individual
Writ of habeas corpus
Which of the following best describes the subject under consideration in Roe v. Wade?
abortion
In which 2002 case did the Supreme Court rule that tax-supported school vouchers used to send children to private and religious schools were not a violation of the establishment clause?
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
The importance of listing individual rights in the Constitution is that it gives individuals who feel that their rights have been violated ______.
a basis for taking the alleged violation into a court of law for a ruling by a judge
the importance of listing individual rights in the constitution is that is gives individuals who feel that their rights have been violated
a basis for taking the alleged violation into a court of law for a ruling by a judge
The importance of listing individual rights in the Constitution is that it gives individuals who feel that their rights have been violated
a basis for taking the alleged violation into a court of law for a ruling by a judge.
The importance of listing individual rights in the Constitution is that it gives individuals who feel that their rights have been violated
a basis for taking the alleged violation into a court of law for ruling by a judge.
the second amendment protects and supports which of the following
a well regulated militia, and the right to bear arms
this best describes the subject under consideration in roe v. wade
abortion
According to the ______ doctrine, government can aid a religious organization so long as the aid is nonreligious in nature and the government doesn't favor one religion over another.
accommodation
According to the ______ doctrine, government can aid a religious organization so long as the aid is non-religious in nature and the government doesn't favor one religion over another.
accomodationist
according to the _________ doctrine, government can aid a religious organization so long as the aid is non-religious in nature and the government doesnt favor one religion over another
accomodationist
In the case of Korematsu v. United States, the courts
allowed government polices during wartime that would not be allowed in times of peace.
in the case of korematsu v. united states the courts
allowed government policies during wartime that would not be allowed in times of peace
The inevitable discovery exception
allows admission of tainted evidence in certain cases. was developed in the case of Nix v. Williams (1984). states that exclusion of physical evidence that would have been found anyway has no effect on the fairness of a trial.
Freedom of expression
allows individual Americans to communicate thoughts of their choosing. does not cover obscene forms of sexual expression. does not cover some forms of commercial speech, such as advertising.
Freedom of expression
allows individual Americans to communicate thoughts of their choosing. does not cover some forms of commercial speech, such as advertising. does not cover obscene forms of sexual expression.
In its rulings in Riley v. California (2014) and United States v. Wurie (2014), the Supreme Court compared the search of a suspect's cell phone or similar electronic device to ______.
an exhaustive search of a suspect's home
In its rulings in Riley v. California (2014) and United States v. Wurie (2014), the Supreme Court compared the search of a suspect's cell phone or similar electronic device to
an exhaustive search of a suspect's home.
In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court ruled that states cannot lawfully
ban sexual relations between consenting same-sex adults.
in which 2014 case did the supreme court rule that companies that are "closely held" (only a few owners) are not required to provide their employees with birth control if they object on religious grounds
burwell v. hobby lobby
The cases of Riley v. California (2014) and United States v. Wurie (2014) both dealt with the use of what technology?
cell phones
Under the 5th Amendment, suspects:
charged with a federal crime cannot be tried unless indicted by a grand jury
under the fifth amendment, suspects
charged with a federal crime cannot be tried unless indicted by a grand jury
constitutional guarantees that protect citizens from arbitrary government action are known as
civil liberties
According to this test, before speech can be restricted, the government must clearly demonstrate that a citizen's expression presents a very obvious and real danger to the public safety.
clear and present danger
according to this test, before speech can be restricted, the government must clearly demonstrate that a citizen's expression presents a very obvious and real danger to the public safety
clear and present danger test
According to this test, before speech can be restricted, the government must clearly demonstrate that a citizen's expression presents a very obvious and real danger to the public safety.
clear-and-present-danger test
The USA Patriot Act was passed in order to ______.
combat terrorism
Concerning symbolic speech, the Supreme Court has generally held that government regulation of the ______ of a message is unconstitutional. (This was illustrated by a Texas flag-burning case; the state of Texas actually burns old flags to dispose of them.)
content
in 2016 the supreme court ruled that police _________ use an outstanding warrant for another offense as an excuse to apprehend a suspect for another unrelated offense
could
The exclusionary rule restricts the ability of ______.
courts to admit illegally obtained evidence during a trial
The exclusionary rule restricts the ability of
courts to admit illegally obtained evidence during a trial.
The Eighth Amendment protects people convicted of crimes from ______.
cruel and unusual punishment
In following the Eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court has used which of the following tests to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment?
determining if a punishment violates "fundamental standards of good conscience and fairness" determining whether a punishment is "disproportionate to the offence" determining if a punishment is "unnecessarily cruel"
In following the Eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court has used which of the following tests to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment?
determining whether a punishment is "disproportionate to the offence" determining if a punishment is "unnecessarily cruel" determining if a punishment violates "fundamental standards of good conscience and fairness"
following the eighth amendment the supreme court has used which tests to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment
determining whether a punishment is unnecessarily cruel, disproportionate to the offense, or violates fundamental standards of good conveniences and fairness
in which case did the supreme court rule that the second amendment protects an individuals right to possess a firearm unconstitutional to service in a militia
district of columbia v. heller
the idea that the state must use procedures under the law before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property is part of the
due process clause of the fourteenth amendment
The legal safeguards that prevent the government from depriving citizens of life, liberty, or property without adhering to strict legal procedures are known as
due process protections.
Which of the following is likely to convince a judge that police should be issued a search warrant?
establishing probable cause for believing a crime has been committed
in engle v. vitale (1962) the supreme court ruled against the reciting of prayers in public schools on grounds it violates the
establishment clause
Match the clause with its description.
establishment clause = requires government neutrality toward religious institutions free-exercise clause = prohibits the government from interfering with individuals' practice of their religion
In Engle v. Vitale (1962), the Supreme Court ruled against the reciting of prayers in public schools on grounds it violates the
establishment clause.
the ______ clause of the fist amendment requires government neutrality toward religious institutions, whereas the _________ clause prohibits the government from interfering with individuals practice of their religion
establishment, free-exercise
The ______ clause of the First Amendment bans the state from helping religious institutions, whereas the ______ clause bans the state from restricting the free practice of religion by individuals.
establishment; free-exercise
Freedom of __________________ is the right of individual Americans to hold and communicate thoughts of their choosing.
expression
freedom of ________ is the right of individual Americans to hold and communicate thoughts of their choosing
expression
Escobedo vs. Illinois (1964)
extended the right to counsel to the custodial stage merged 6th and 5th amendment
Based on the exclusionary rule, evidence that is illegally obtained can normally be used in a trial.
false
True or false: According to the Supreme Court, police can search a person's home merely on the basis of a hunch that the owner might be breaking the law.
false
True or false: In a 1992 cases involving a St. Paul, Minnesota city ordinance, the Supreme Court ruled that the government can restrict hate speech as it causes "anger or alarm."
false
True or false: The right to appeal after conviction is guaranteed in the Constitution.
false
based on exclusionary rule, evidence that is illegally obtained can normally be used in a trial
false
true or false: according to the supreme court, a statement that someone makes that ruins a public officials career may be considered libel or slander oven if the statement is factually accurate
false
true or false: according to the supreme court, police can search a persons home merely on the basis of a hunch that the owner might be breaking the law
false
Under the Fifth Amendment, suspects charged with a ______.
federal crime cannot be tried unless indicted by a grand jury
The Bill of Rights initially applied to which level or levels of government?
federal only
Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects individuals from testifying against themselves in a court of law?
fifth
Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
fourth
The First Amendment clause barring the government from passing any laws that prohibit an individual's practice of his or her religion is known as the ______ clause.
free-exercise
the first amendment protection that makes it illegal for the government to enact laws that restrict free practice of religion by any individual is known as the
free-exercise clause
The First Amendment protection that makes it illegal for the government to enact laws that restrict the free practice of religion by any individual is known as the
free-exercise clause.
dejonge v. oregon
freedom of assembly
near v. minnesota
freedom of press
hamilton v. regents U of C
freedom of religion
gitlow v. new york
freedom of speech
this is true regarding freedom of the press
freedom of the press receives strong judicial protection
Some critics argue that which of the following have weakened the exclusionary rule almost to the point that it applies only to extreme forms of police misconduct?
good faith exception inevitable discovery exception plain view exception
The establishment clause of the Constitution restricts which of the following?
government from supporting religion over no religion government from favoring one religion over another
Regarding freedom of the press, the Supreme Court has generally upheld the principle of no prior restraint. This principle means that ______.
government generally cannot stop the news media from reporting a story
Regarding freedom of the press, the Supreme Court has generally upheld the principle of no prior restraint. This principle means that
government generally cannot stop the news media from reporting a story.
Based on the Lemon test, state-funded programs are least likely to survive under the establishment clause if the program
has a significant effect on advancing a religion.
the free-exercise clause
has been interpreted to mean that americans can not always act on their religious beliefs if they conflict with other laws, is part of the first amendment, has been interpreted to mean americans can hold any religious belief of their choosing
the imminent lawless action test
has two criteria for speech advocating the unlawful use of force to be prohibited, says that for speech to be restricted, it must be directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless speech, says that speech must be likely to produce lawless action
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court ruled that the state funding of salaries for teachers at parochial schools, even if they taught secular subjects, violated the establishment clause because
he teachers could use classroom time to teach religious subjects.
The case of Carpenter v. United States (2018) dealt with the issue of the warrantless search of a cell phone in order to
identify the locations at which cell phone calls were placed.
In its rulings in Riley v. California (2014) and United States v. Wurie (2014), the Supreme Court acknowledged that the decisions would ______.
impact law enforcement's ability to combat crime
The barrier to restrict speech established in Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) is best described as ______.
imposing
The barrier to restrict speech established in Brandenburg v. Ohio is best described as
imposing
The barrier to restrict speech established in Brandenburg v. Ohio is best described as
imposing.
The Supreme Court has ruled that, despite the exclusionary rule, evidence discovered under a faulty warrant is admissible if the police have acted ______.
in good faith
in united states v. Leon the supreme court ruled that, despite the exclusionary rule that evidence discovered under a faulty warrant was admissible because police had acted
in good faith
In United States v. Leon, the Supreme Court ruled that, despite the exclusionary rule, that evidence discovered under a faulty warrant was admissible because police had acted
in good faith.
The Supreme Court has ruled that prisoners should generally appeal their cases first ______.
in state courts
The Supreme Court has ruled that prisoners should generally appeal their cases first
in state courts.
since 1990 the number of federal and state prisoners in the united states has
increased sharply
these are true concerning the right of assembly
individuals cannot hold assembly at busy intersections during rush hour, regulations of public assemblies must be applied fairly to all group, public officials can regulate the time and place of assemblies
In Gitlow v. New York (1925), the Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights protects ______.
individuals from actions by state governments as well as the federal government
free speech is usually protected in the united states unless it
involves false commercial advertising claims, presents a clear and present danger to others, leads to imminent and lawless action
Free speech is usually protected in the United States unless it
involves false commercial advertising claims. leads to imminent and lawless action. presents a clear and present danger to others.
The free-exercise clause
is part of the First Amendment. has been interpreted to mean that Americans can not always act on their religious beliefs if they conflict with other laws. has been interpreted to mean Americans can hold any religious belief of their choosing.
As a result of changes in sentencing policies, the U.S. prison population, per capita, ______.
is the largest in the world
As a result of changes in sentencing policies, the U.S. prison population, per capita,
is the largest in the world.
In the case of New York Times Co. v. United States
it was ruled that prior restraint is unconstitutional without a compelling argument for the restriction.
In its rulings in Riley v. California (2014) and United States v. Wurie (2014), the Supreme Court acknowledged that
it would impact law enforcement's ability to combat crime.
Which of these groups is typically more protective of individual rights?
judges
which group is typically more protective of individual rights
judges
Felker vs Turpin (1996)
law is designed to prevent frivilous and multiple federal court appeals: inmates can have multiple state appeals and only one federal appeal
the supreme court determined that privacy rights extended to consensual activity between same-sex partners in
lawrence v. texas
the current standard used to determine whether the establishment clause has been violated is known as the ______ test
lemon
a false written statement about other people that harms their reputation is known as ________, whereas a false verbal statement about other people is known as _________
libel, slander
A false written statement about other people that harms their reputation is known as _____________, whereas a false verbal statement about other people is known as ____________.
libel; slander
Constitutional guarantees that protect citizens' individual rights are known as civil ____________.
liberties
civil ________ refer to individual rights, such as the freedom of speech and religion, while civil ______ refer to rights and privileges granted to citizens by government, such as equality under the law
liberties, rights
Civil _______ refer to individual rights, such as the freedom of speech and religion, while civil ______ refer to equality under the law for different groups such as racial or religious minorities.
liberties; rights
The Supreme Court has recently employed the Eighth Amendment to ban which of the following?
life sentences without parole for juveniles the death penalty for the mentally ill the death penalty for juveniles
The Sedition Act of 1798
made it a crime to publish stories that were harshly critical of the president.
the sedition act of 1798
made it a crime to publish stories there were harshly critical of the president
The Sedition Act of 1798 attempted to ______.
make it a crime to publish stories that are harshly critical of the president
which case did the supreme court rule that the second amendment, with some restrictions, prohibited state and local governments from effectively banning gun ownership
mcdonald v. chicago
which case established the law enforcing officers must advise detainees of their rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney, before beginning questioning in a criminal investigation
miranda v. arizona
this is true about libel and slander
neither libel or slander is protected by the first amendment
which case did the supreme court rule for public figures to win a libel claim, they must prove actual malice
new york times co. v. sullivan
this supreme court case was also known as the pentagon papers case
new york times co. v. united states
The Bill of Rights protects some civil liberties, including freedom
of assembly. of the press. of speech.
The Bill of Rights protects some civil liberties, including freedom
of the press. of assembly. of speech.
the supreme court has generally held that those convicted in state courts and who appeal on the grounds that their federal constitutional rights were violated are limited to
one appeal
The Supreme Court has generally held that those convicted in state courts and who appeal on the grounds that their federal constitutional rights were violated are limited to
one appeal.
Those who ______ increased gun control believe that the Second Amendment gives individual citizens the right to bear arms free from excessive control.
oppose
the law passes by congress, soon after the 9/11 attacks, that allows the FBI and other intelligence agencies to access personal information and records without consent from targeted individuals is known as the USA ________ act
patriot
Which of the following allows the admission of evidence that was immediately visible in the course of stopping a person for another infraction?
plain view exception
Which of the following states that evidence is admissible when it is immediately visible in the course of stopping a person for another infraction?
plain view exception
Free speech is usually protected in the United States unless it
presents a clear and present danger to others. leads to imminent and lawless action. involves false commercial advertising claims.
The attempt to block the publication of material considered to be harmful is known as ______ restraint.
prior
the attempt to block the publication of material considered to be harmful is known as ______ restraint
prior
In the case of New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that ______.
prior restraint is unconstitutional without a compelling argument for the restriction
the right of an individual to be left alone without any interference from others is known as the right to
privacy
The right of an individual to be left alone without any interference from others is known as the right to
privacy.
Which term describes the set of procedures authorities must follow before a person can be lawfully punished for an offense?
procedural due process
which term describes the set of procedures authorities must follow before a person can be lawfully punished for an offense
procedural due process
in gitlow v. new york, the supreme court ruled that the bill of rights
protects individuals from action by state government as well as the federal government
In Gitlow v. New York, the Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights
protects individuals from actions by state governments as well as the federal government.
The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments
provide that no person can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
the fifth and fourteenth amendments
provide that no person can be deprived on life, liberty, or property without due process of law
Law enforcement officials sometimes controversially rely on the practice of _________ ___________, the assuption that certain groups of people are more likely to commit particular crimes.
racial profiling
Law enforcement officials sometimes controversially rely on the practice of _____________ ______________ , the assumption that certain groups of people are more likely to commit particular crimes.
racial profiling
law enforcement officials sometimes controversially rely on the practice of _________________ the assumption that certain groups of people are more likely to commit particular crimes
racial profiling
According to the establishment clause, the government is required to ______.
remain neutral toward all religions
according to the establishment clause, the government is required to
remain neutral toward all religions
According to the establishment clause, the government is required to
remain neutral toward all religions.
these are considered civil liberties
right to a fair trial, freedom of speech, freedom of religion
Grisworld v. Connecticut (1965) was a case involving
right to privacy
The Supreme Court has upheld a law banning what is termed a "partial-birth abortion." In her dissent, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg maintained that the law ______.
risks women's lives and health
The plain view exception
says evidence found in plain sight is admissible even if a suspect was stopped for another infraction.
the plain view exception
says evidence found in plain sights is admissible even it a suspect was stopped for another infraction
the constitutional rights to bear arms is found in which of the following amendments
second amendment
The process by which the Supreme Court makes certain parts of the Bill of Rights applicable through the Fourteenth Amendment to actions by state governments is known as _____________________ incorporation.
selective
Freedom of ________ is the right of individual Americans to hold and communicate thoughts of their choosing.
speech
the process by which the supreme court makes certain parts of the bill of rights applicable through the fourteenth amendment to actions by state governments is known as _________ incorporation
selective
In a 2010 CNN survey, 2 in 5 Americans stated that individuals arrested by police on suspicion of terrorism ______.
should not be read their Miranda rights
In a 2010 CNN survey, 2 in 5 Americans stated that individuals arrested by police on suspicion of terrorism
should not be read their Miranda rights.
The right to legal counsel is a ______ Amendment protection.
sixth
which 2011 case did the supreme court rule that the first amendments protection of speech extended even to hate speech during the funerals of soldiers killed in action
snyder v. phelps
In Mapp v. Ohio (1961), the Supreme Court extended the constitutional protection against unreasonable search and seizure to action by _________ governments.
state
In Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court extended the constitutional protection against unreasonable search and seizure to action by ______________________ government.
state
in mapp v. ohio the supreme court extended the constitutional protection against unreasonable search and search and seizure to action by _____ government
state
In a case involving protester Gregory Johnson, the Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag was protected specifically as ______ speech.
symbolic
n a case involving protester Gregory Johnson, the Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag was protected specifically as ______ speech.
symbolic
The Supreme Court has ruled that the right of free assembly:
take precedence over the possibility that the exercise of the right might have undesirable consequences.
The Supreme Court has ruled that the right of free assembly ______.
takes precedence over the mere possibility that the exercise of the right might have undesirable consequences
the supreme court has ruled that the right of free assembly
takes precedence over the possibility that the exercise of the right might have undesirable consequences
The Supreme Court has ruled that the right of free assembly
takes precedence over the possibility that the exercise of the right might have undesirable consequences.
The Supreme Court decision in Schenck v. United States established which principle?
that the federal government can restrict free expression but that it does not have unlimited authority to do so.
Which of the following amendments contribute to ensuring criminal due process?
the Fifth Amendment the Fourth Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment
In the process of selective incorporation, which is the amendment that the Supreme Court relies on to apply most, but not all, of the provisions of the Bill of Rights to actions by the state governments?
the Fourteenth Amendment
What was the name of the 1798 law that criminalized any speech or writings critical of the government, Congress, or the president?
the Sedition Act
which of the following acts of legislation gave government increased authority to examine medical, financial, and student records and increased surveillance of communications without a warrant of court order
the USA patriot act
Today, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights are protected from action by which of the following?
the federal and state governments
today most of the guarantees in the bill of rights are protected from action by which of the following
the federal and state governments
where is the bill of rights located in the US constitution
the first 10 amendment to the constitution make up the bill of rights
in the process of selective incorporation, which is the amendment that the supreme court relies on to apply most, but not all, of the provisions of the bill of rights to actions by the state governments
the fourteenth amenment
What are the religious clauses in the First Amendment?
the free-exercise clause the establishment clause
Which of the following allows the admission into trial of otherwise excludable evidence if the evidence was obtained by police who thought they were following proper procedure?
the good faith exception
this allows the admission into trial of otherwise excludable evidence if the evidence was obtained by police who thought they were following proper procedure
the good faith exception
the establishment clause of the constitution restricts which of the following
the government from supporting religion over no religion, government from favoring one religion over another
In the 1963 Gideon case, the Supreme Court established that ______.
the government must provide lawyers to individuals who cannot afford their own attorney
in the 1963 Gideon case, the supreme court established that
the government must provide lawyers to individuals who cannot afford their own attorney
In the 1963 Gideon case, the Supreme Court established that
the government must provide lawyers to individuals who cannot afford their own attorney.
In Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) the Supreme Court developed which of the following tests that expanded protections for Americans to voice political opinions?
the imminent lawless action test
In Brandenburg v. Ohio the Supreme Court developed which of the following tests that expanded protections for Americans to voice political opinions?
the imminent lawless action test
in brandenburg v. ohio the supreme court developed which of the following tests that expanded protections for Americans to voice political opinions
the imminent lawless action test
The 1977 Supreme Court case that provided guidance on the allowable restrictions on freedom of speech and freedom of assembly upheld which of the following?
the right of an American Nazi Party group to hold a parade in Skokie, a city with a large Jewish population that included Holocaust survivors
The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects ______.
the right of the people to keep and bear arms
The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects:
the right of the people to keep and bear arms
The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects
the right of the people to keep and bear arms.
The Second Amendment protects and supports which of the following?
the right to keep and bear arms a well-regulated militia
Griswold v. Connecticut was a case dealing with ______.
the right to privacy
Griswold v. Connecticut was a case dealing with
the right to privacy.
Which of the following constitutional protections were at issue in the Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona?
the right to remain silent the right to an attorney
what was the name of the 1798 law that criminalized any speech or writings critical of the government, congress, or the president
the sedition act
these are true concerning the supreme courts decisions involving symbolic speech
the supreme court has ruled that burning an american flag is a protected form of symbolic speech, the supreme court has protected symbolic speech nearly as vigorously as actual speech
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court ruled that the state funding of salaries for teachers at parochial schools, even if they taught secular subjects, violated the establishment clause because
the teachers could use classroom time to teach religious subjects.
the supreme court decision in schenck v. united states established which principle
the the federal government can restrict free expression but that it does not have unlimited authority to do so
griswold v. connecticut is the landmark case that established the right to privacy, the case involved the question of whether a state can prohibit
the use of contraceptives by a married couple
Griswold v. Connecticut is the landmark case that established the right to privacy. The case involved the question of whether a state can prohibit
the use of contraceptives by a married couple.
The USA Patriot Act was passed
to combat terrorism.
Which of the following is a right of the accused that is protected by the Fifth Amendment?
to have a grand jury weigh the prosecution's evidence
True or false: The Supreme Court ruled that school administrators have discretion in searching student lockers for drugs and weapons, as they are responsible for student safety.
true
true or false: the supreme court ruled that school administrators has discretion in searching student lockers for drugs and weapons as they are responsible for student safety
true
In Hamden v. Rumsfeld, the Supreme Court ruled that the use of secret military tribunals to try detainees accused of terrorism was ______, as detainees were entitled to a trial affording all the guarantees contained in the Constitution.
unconstitutional
in hamden v. rumsfeld, the supreme court ruled that the use of secret military tribunals to try detainees accused on terrorism were _______, as detainees were entitled to a trial affording all the guarantees contained in the constitution
unconstitutional
The Supreme Court consistently ruled that the George W. Bush administration's practice of denying constitutional and legal protections to enemy combatants was ______.
under the jurisdiction of the United States courts
The Supreme Court consistently ruled that the George W. Bush administration's practice of denying constitutional and legal protections to enemy combatants was
under the jurisdiction of the United States courts.
the supreme court constantly ruled that the george W. bush administrations practice of denying constitutional legal protections to enemy combatants was
under the jurisdiction of the united states courts
In Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court ruled that restrictions on abortion were legal so long as they didn't place an ______ ____ on a woman's right to obtain an abortion.
undue burden
in planned parenthood v. casey the supreme court ruled that restrictions on abortion were legal so long as they didnt place an _______ _______ on a womans right to obtain an abortion
undue burden
which 2002 case did the supreme court rule that tax-supported school vouchers used to send children to private religious schools were not a violation of the establishment clause
zelman v. simmons-Harris
