ALLH Final Exam
The breakdown of glycogen into individual glucose molecules is an example of ________. a) anabolism b) catabolism c) homeostasis d) glycogenesis
b) catabolism
Which of the following can be metabolized for energy by human cells? a) Water b) Alcohol c) Minerals d) Vitamins
b) Alcohol
There are many practical ways that people can apply the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations to their usual food choices. Match the following foods with their healthier alternatives. Regular soft drinks Ice cream Potato salad or cole slaw Table salt a) water, regular or sparkling b) herbs, spices, or lemon juice c) frozen yogurt or "lite ice cream" d) Leafy greens or three-bean salad
Regular soft drinks: a) Water, regular or sparkling Ice cream: c) Frozen yogurt or "lite ice cream" Potato salad or cole slaw: d) leafy greens or three-bean salad Table salt: b) Herbs, spices, or lemon juice
According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugar intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories. a) 10 b) 30 c) 25 d) 5
a) 10
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of iron deficiency anemia? a) All of these choices are correct b) Dizziness c) Coldness in the hands and/or feet d) Shortness of breath
a) All of these choices are correct
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a food allergy? a) All of these choices are correct. b) Swollen lips c) Vomiting and/or diarrhea d) Hives
a) All of these choices are correct.
Arthur suffers from frequent GERD. Which of the following recommendations might you make to Arthur to reduce the incidence and severity of the GERD?a) Avoid greasy and spicy foods. b) Eat fewer beans and more tomato-based products, such as marinara sauce. c) Drink black coffee first thing in the morning before breakfast. d) Consume dark chocolate before going to bed.
a) Avoid greasy and spicy foods.
Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron? a) Beef round b) Broccoli c) Low-fat milk d) Butter
a) Beef round
Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses? a) Carrots and celery b) Peanuts and other nuts c) Fish and shellfish d) Wheat and shellfish
a) Carrots and celery
Starting as chyme enters the large intestine, which of the following lists the correct order of the sections of the large intestine? a) Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon b) Descending colon, cecum, transverse colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon c) Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, cecum, sigmoid colon d) Sigmoid colon, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, cecum
a) Cecum, Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon.
Which of the following minerals enhances the action of insulin? a) Chromium b) Fluoride c) Selenium d) Aluminum
a) Chromium
Which of the following statements is true? a) Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas. b) Breastfeeding reduces a woman's risk of type 1 diabetes in later adulthood. c) The composition of human milk remains consistent over time. d) Women who breastfeed their babies tend to gain weight at a faster rate than women who choose to formula-feed their infants
a) Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas
Which of the following statements describes lactic acid? a) Lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions. b) Lactic acid is a two-carbon molecule. c) Lactic acid is made from acetyl CoA. d) Lactic acid is a primary source of energy in the human body.
a) Lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? a) Leafy greens b) Grape drink c) Refined grains d) French fries
a) Leafy greens
________ are water-soluble vitamins. a) Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin b) Vitamin D, A, and E c) Thiamin, vitamin K, and niacin d) Vitamin A, riboflavin, and vitamin C
a) Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin
Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults? a) Potassium b) Sodium c) Sulfur d) Vanadium
a) Potassium
Which of the following substances is a macronutrient? a) Protein b) Sodium c) Calcium d) Vitamin C
a) Protein
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? a) Red peppers b) Whole-wheat bagel c) Chicken breast d) Greek yogurt
a) Red peppers
Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate? a) Soluble fiber b) Glucose c) Lactose d) High-fructose corn syrup
a) Soluble fiber
Which of the following statements is false? a) The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed. b) Websites with .edu in their addresses often provide reliable nutrition information. c) In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutrition information. d) When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear on a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies.
a) The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.
Which of the following is not a key nutrition concept? a) The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements. b) Variety, moderation, and balance can help ensure a diet's nutritional adequacy. c) Malnutrition includes overnutrition as well as undernutrition. d) Foods and the nutrients they contain are one of many components of health.
a) The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.
A carcinogen is any environmental factor such as asbestos, tobacco smoke, radiation, or a virus that triggers cancer. a) True b) False
a) True
According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, peanut-containing foods should be introduced during weaning to help prevent peanut allergies in high-risk infants. a) True b) False
a) True
An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response. a) True b) False
a) True
Antibiotic usage often leads to microflora imbalance in the digestive tract. a) True b) False
a) True
As a result of the National School Lunch Program, public and nonprofit private schools can provide nutritionally balanced, low-cost or free lunches to children each school day. a) True b) False
a) True
Compared to women with normal BMI's, women with obesity have a greater risk of polycsystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).\ a) True b) False
a) True
Consuming a diet rich in calcium may have beneficial effects on heart disease risk factors. a) True b) False
a) True
Education influences a person's food selections. a) True b) False
a) True
Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high. a) True b) False
a) True
Intestinal blockage and bleeding, blood clot formation, and wound infections are possible complications following bariatric surgery. a) True b) False
a) True
Lydia is pregnant with her first child. Her recommended protein intake, based on the RDA, is increased, during pregnancy. As such, Lydia needs to ensure she is including more protein in her daily diet. a) True b) False
a) True
Megaloblastic anemia can occur as a result of a folate or vitamin B-12 deficiency. a) True b) False
a) True
Personalized nutrition involves making dietary choices based on your genetic makeup. a) True b) False
a) True
Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water. a) True b) False
a) True
The body needs magnesium to maintain a healthy immune system. a) True b) False
a) True
The brain of an aging person does not replace neurons that have ceased to function. Therefore, an older adult has more difficulty recalling information than they did as a young adult. a) True b) False
a) True
The difference between one triglyceride and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol. a) True b) False
a) True
To reduce the risk of stroke in patients who cannot tolerate statins, physicians may prescribe megadoses of niacin supplements to reduce the elevated LDL cholesterol level in their blood. a) True b) False
a) True
Use of certain medications may increase an individual's nutrient needs. a) True b) False
a) True
When a person consumes more protein than needed, the excess amino acids can be converted into glucose or fat. a) True b) False
a) True
Which of the following vitamins is most important as an antioxidant? a) Vitamin C b) Riboflavin c) Vitamin B-6 d) Niacin
a) Vitamin C
Proteins ________. a) are comprised of amino acids b) are stored as glycogen in the body c) provide 7 kcal/g d) have phosphorus in their chemical structures
a) are comprised of amino acids
According to scientific evidence, which of the following, actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus? a) exercising daily b) taking Vitamin D supplements c) drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily d) smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week
a) exercising daily
Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ________ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease. a) fresh fruits and vegetables b) margarine c) charcoal-grilled meat d) dark beer
a) fresh fruits and vegetables
Caregivers should not feed ________ to infants. a) honey b) soy-based formulas c) formulas that contain DHA d) rice cereal
a) honey
Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ________. a) lose the extrusion reflex b) can digest lactose c) develop the let-down reflex d) have most of their primary teeth
a) lose the extrusion reflex
Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain. a) olive oil b) sugar c) water d) red wine
a) olive oil
Aya is a young adult with a BMI of 28.5, which is classified as _______. a) overweight b) healthy c) underweight d) obesity
a) overweight
Kume consumes 2100 kcal of foods and beverages daily and expends a total of 1800 kcal each day. Her body is in a state of ________. a) positive energy balance b) energy balance c) weight cycling d) weight loss
a) positive energy balance
Christine loves to eat Brazil nuts and canned oysters. These food items are rich sources of ________. a) selenium b) magnesium c) vitamin C d) folate
a) selenium
Oatmeal is a particularly rich source of ________ fiber. a) soluble b) oligosaccharide c) nondigestible d) insoluble
a) soluble
The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. a) villi b) lacteals c) neurons d) arteries
a) villi
A toddler is a child who is _______ years of age. a) 2 to 3 b) 1 to 3 c) 2 to 4 d) 1 to 2
b) 1 to 3
According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should be limited to less than ________% of total daily calories. a) 5 b) 10 c) 30 d) 20
b) 10
Which of the following statements are true? a) Risk of urinary incontinence increases as a person ages. b) All of these choices are correct. c) The body's water content decreases with advancing age. d) Signs of dehydration in older adults include weakness, constipation, and mental confusion.
b) All of these choices are correct
Which of the following factors can impact the body's fluid balance? a) Sodium intake b) All of these choices are correct. c) Exercise habits d) Environmental temperature and humidity
b) All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids? a) Spinach b) Avocado c) Milk d) Chicken
b) Avocado
Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? a) Mucus b) Bile c) Intrinsic factor d) Gastric juice
b) Bile
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? a) Margarine b) Blueberries c) Tuna d) Chicken
b) Blueberries
BMI is most accurate when assessing the health of highly muscular individuals, such as certain professional athletes. a) True b) False
b) False
Most older adults can tolerate taking several prescribed and over-the-counter medications without experiencing negative health effects. a) True b) False
b) False
Pellagra is an infectious disease. a) True b) False
b) False
The placenta prevents nicotine from entering the embryo/fetus. a) True b) False
b) False
Which of the following would be considered a recommended practice to improve or maintain body weight and body composition? a) Reducing calorie intake by at least 1,000 kcals daily. b) Focusing on diet quality and choosing nutrient-dense foods and beverages. c) Following a fad diet to drop significant weight quickly. d) Focus on physical activity rather than making any changes to dietary intake.
b) Focusing on a diet quality and choosing nutrient-dense foods and beverages
Which U.S. government agency regulates nutrition and health-related claims on product labels? a) Food Protection Agency b) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) c) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) d) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
b) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D? a) Processed luncheon meats b) Fortified dairy products c) Enriched breads and cereals d) Fresh fruits
b) Fortified dairy products
According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following beverages is the most appropriate for a child who is 18 months old? a) Sports drink b) Full-fat milk c) Low-fat milk d) Sugar-sweetened juice
b) Full-fat milk
Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations? a) Leptin b) Ghrelin c) Amylin d) Peptide YY e) All of these choices are correct
b) Ghrelin
Which of the following are common signs or symptoms of pellagra? a) Constipation and mild fever b) Mental confusion and scaly skin sores c) Nasal congestion and trouble breathing d) Blurred vision and dry eyes
b) Mental confusion and scaly skin sores
Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women? a) Gestational diabetes b) Morning sickness c) Eclampsia d) Iron-deficiency anemia
b) Morning sickness
When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select? a) Cream cheese b) Olive oil c) Unsalted butter d) Coconut oil
b) Olive oil
Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has ________. a) amino acid toxicity syndrome b) PKU c) IBD d) cystic fibrosis
b) PKU
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid? a) Sterols b) Polysaccharides c) Phospholipids d) Triglycerides
b) Polysaccharides
Which of the following reflexes causes an infant to turn its head and open its mouth as the baby's cheek is stroked? a) Extrusion reflex b) Rooting reflex c) Suck reflex d) Moro reflex
b) Rooting reflex
Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch." Her ingredients include fat-free milk, cornstarch, lemon juice, egg yolks, salt, sugar, and butter. When she added some of the ingredients together, little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it. What happened to those ingredients? a) The salt activated the sugar after being mixed with the egg yolks. b) The acid in the lemon juice denatured the milk proteins. c) The cholesterol in the raw egg yolks reacted with the butter. d) The cornstarch deaminated the lactose in the milk.
b) The acid in the lemon juice denatured the milk proteins.
A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral? a) Major mineral b) Trace mineral c) Nonessential mineral d) Possible essential mineral
b) Trace mineral
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? a) Carbohydrate b) Vitamin D c) Protein d) Fat
b) Vitamin D
________ are fat-soluble vitamins. a) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E b) Vitamins K, D, and A c) Pantothenic acid, vitamin E, and choline d) Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
b) Vitamins K, D, and A
Which of the following is an example of a trace mineral? a) Calcium b) Zinc c) Magnesium d) Chloride
b) Zinc
Having excess body fat increases the risk of ________. a) scurvy b) breast cancer c) pellagra d) cystic fibrosis
b) breast cancer
Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of ________. a) whole-grain products b) butter and beef c) fruit juices d) nuts and seeds
b) butter and beef
Series of specific chemical reactions in the cell are known as ________. a) energy expenditures b) chemical pathways c) chemical transformations d) transformative changes
b) chemical pathways
The ________ controls hunger and satiety. a) cerebral cortex b) hypothalamus c) pancreas d) liver
b) hypothalamus
Consuming adequate _______ during pregnancy is important to prevent anemia, excessive fatigue, and low birth weight in infants. a) vitamin D b) iron c) iodine d) folate
b) iron
Reduced ________ is a normal physiological change associated with aging. a) bruising b) lung capacity c) heartburn d) vulnerability to cancer
b) lung capacity
Iodine is necessary for ________. a) producing properly-formed collagen b) maintaining normal thyroid function c) carrying oxygen in blood d) transporting proteins in lymph
b) maintaining normal thyroid function
Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure. a) potassium b) nitrogen c) iron d) chloride
b) nitrogen
According to the MyPlate guidelines, fruits and vegetables should account for about ________ of the food on a person's plate. a) one-third b) one-half c) one-quarter d) two-thirds
b) one-half
During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________. a) morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur b) the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine c) the swelling is limited to the hands and feet d) weight loss and morning sickness also occur
b) the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine
The human body can absorb some of the ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. a) vitamin A b) vitamin K c) riboflavin d) thiamin
b) vitamin K
In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________. a) vitamin C; collagen breakdown b) vitamin K; bleeding c) thiamin; beriberi d) niacin; pellagra
b) vitamin K; bleeding
If Tomas is a healthy 24-year-old male who weighs 166 pounds, approximately how many grams of protein per day should he have to promote protein equilibrium and meet the RDA for protein for a healthy adult? (1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds) a) 75 grams of protein per day b) 134 grams of protein per day c) 60 grams of protein per day d) 166 grams of protein per day
c) 60 grams of protein per day
ATP is converted into ________ when the last high-energy bond on the ATP molecule is cleaved. a) NAD b) AMP c) ADP d) adenosine
c) ADP
Which of the following factors contribute to reduced food intake among older adults? a) Loss of teeth b) Reduced mobility and flexibility c) All of these choices are correct. d) Depression
c) All of these choices are correct
Which of the following is a benefit of pregnant women, infants, and children participating in the WIC program? a) Improved intellectual development b) Reduced incidence of infant mortality c) All of these choices are correct. d) Decreased incidence of iron-deficiency anemia
c) All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following sources of oils would be recommended as part of a healthy diet? a) Butter b) Lard c) Avocado d) Shortening
c) Avocado
The iron from which of the following food sources is most readily absorbed? a) Pumpkin seeds b) Lentils c) Beef jerky d) Whole-grain English muffin
c) Beef jerky
During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon molecules that are converted into ________. a) pyruvate b) glycerol c) acetyl CoA d) oxaloacetate
c) COA
Which of the following is NOT a requirement to become a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)? a) Obtain a degree from an accredited college b) Obtain a culinary certificate of training c) Complete extensive supervised practice hours d) Pass a national exam
c) Complete extensive supervised practice hours
Sudha is in her second trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following micronutrients is needed to synthesize thyroid hormone, which is essential for normal fetal brain development? a) Sodium b) Calcium c) Iodine d) Copper
c) Iodine
A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral? a) Possible essential mineral b) Nonessential mineral c) Major mineral d) Trace mineral
c) Major mineral
Which of the following statements is true? a) After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, it can no longer function. b) Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. c) Most enzymes have names that end with -ase. d) Enzymes can function as electrolytes.
c) Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.
________ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast. a) Progesterone b) Oxytocin c) Prolactin d) Estrogen
c) Prolactin
Intake of which of the following macronutrients is most likely to be below recommendations in older adults? a) Fats b) Carbohydrates c) Protein d) Vitamin K
c) Protein
Which of the following is the best food source of beta-carotene? a) Egg b) Salmon c) Sweet potato d) Apple
c) Sweet potato
Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ________. a) variable b) case report c) anecdote d) factoid
c) anecdote
A team of chemists have isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from a rare kind of mushroom. The researchers determine that the chemical donates electrons to other substances in the environment that are missing electrons. Based on this information, the chemists are likely to have discovered a/an ________. a) amino acid b) precursor c) antioxidant d) auto-analyzing agent
c) antioxidant
During starvation, the body _______. a) increases glycogenesis b) secretes hormones that inhibit ketogenesis c) begins to rely more on fatty acids for energy d) relies most significantly on protein for energy
c) begins to rely more on fatty acids for energy
Bile is made in the liver from _______. The bile is then stored in the _______ until needed. a) lecithin; duodenum b) cholesterol; duodenum c) cholesterol; gallbladder d) lecithin; gallbladder
c) cholesterol; gallbladder
Cuproenzymes are group of enzymes that contain ________. a) zinc b) iron c) copper d) calcium
c) copper
Dehydration can cause ________. a) cirrhosis b) hypoglycemia c) death d) diabetes
c) death
Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? a) eatright.org b) choosemyplate.gov c) dietsnomore4u.com d) stanford.edu
c) dietsnomore4u.com
The medical specialty that focuses on the healthcare needs of older adults is called _______. a) orthopedics b) pediatrics c) geriatrics d) obstetrics
c) geriatrics
Vitamin C enhances the absorption of ________. a) riboflavin b) niacin c) iron d) calcium
c) iron
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal. a) glycogen stores b) muscle fibers c) ketone bodies d) vitamin C
c) ketone bodies
The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called ________. a) hydrolysis b) water permeability c) osmosis d) facilitated diffusion
c) osmosis
The ________ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. a) uterus b) endometrium c) placenta d) ovary
c) placenta
Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group. a) fruits b) grains c) protein d) dairy
c) protein
Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a small amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth. a) vitamin D b) protein c) starch d) fat
c) starch
To conserve the vitamin content of foods, ________. a) cook slowly in large amounts of water b) store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air c) stir-fry instead of boil d) peel vegetables and cut into small pieces before cooking in water
c) stir-fry instead of boil
A weight-loss medication that contains phentermine will ______. a) increase basal metabolism b) reduce feelings of anxiety c) suppress appetite d) inhibit fat absorption in the small intestine
c) suppress appetite
Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb ________. a) vitamin B-6 b) vitamin C c) vitamin B-12 d) vitamin A
c) vitamin B- 12
Each of the following can be metabolized for energy by human cells except _______. a) carbohydrates b) lipids c) vitamins d) proteins
c) vitamins
The pre-conception period is the ________ window of time before pregnancy. a) 1-month b) 6-month c) 1-year d) 3-month
d) 3-month
A nutrient is considered essential if ________. a) the body does not make the nutrient, or make enough of it to meet its needs b) when the missing nutrient is added back to the diet, signs and symptoms of deficiency are resolved c) when the nutrient is missing from the diet, a deficiency disease occurs d) All of the choices are correct.
d) All of the choices are correct
Which of the following substances is in human breast milk, but not in infant formulas? a) Lipids b) Lactose c) Iron d) Antibodies
d) Antibodies
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis? a) Having a small, thin-boned body frame b) Having white or Asian ancestry c) Growing older d) Being physically inactive
d) Being physically inactive
Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract?a) Pancreatic lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine b) Salivary amylase breaking down starch in the mouth c) Gastrin stimulating HCl production in the stomach d) Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth
d) Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth
________ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membranes. a) Selenium b) Cobalamin c) Boron d) Chromium
d) Chromium
Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? a) Apples b) Low-fat milk c) Leaf lettuce d) Flaxseeds
d) Flaxseeds
________ is a physiological change associated with aging. a) Fewer episodes of heartburn b) Increased brain weight c) Increased blood filtration rate d) Hardening of the arteries
d) Hardening of the arteries
Which of the following foods is the best source of vitamin K? a) Grapefruit b) Oats c) Canola oil d) Kale
d) Kale
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral? a) Phosphorus b) Sodium c) Potassium d) Molybdenum
d) Molybdenum
Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? a) Gallbladder b) Liver c) Pituitary d) Pancreas
d) Pancreas
Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic? a) Green leafy vegetables b) Whole grain cereals c) Legumes d) Yogurt
d) Yogurt
Dental fluorosis is characterized by ________. a) immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin b) defective collagen production c) keratinization and death of epithelial cells d) abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel
d) abnormal changes in the appearance of tooth enamel
According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should consume ________. a) no cholesterol b) less than 200 mg cholesterol/day c) less than 400 mg cholesterol/day d) as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet
d) as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet
Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should ________. a) take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of the pregnancy b) take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant c) eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements, and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy d) consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant
d) consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant
A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been _______, a) enhanced b) fortified c) supplemented d) enriched
d) enriched
Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ________ study. a) pathological b) in vitro c) technological d) epidemiological
d) epidemiological
Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains ________. a) conjugated fatty acids b) protein c) oxytocin d) folic acid
d) folic acid
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are a) fructose, lactose, and hexosemonophosphate. b) glucose, galactose, and mannose. c) maltose, ribose, and galactose. d) galactose, glucose, and fructose.
d) galactose, glucose, and fructose
Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should a) restrict her fluid intake. b) reduce her intake of fruits and vegetables. c) use colon cleansing enemas daily. d) increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.
d) increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber
Osteoporosis is characterized by ________. a) defective collagen production b) keratinization and death of epithelial cells c) immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin d) loss of bone mass and structure
d) loss of bone mass and structure
The common practice of taking several prescribed medication daily to treat a variety of health conditions is called ________. a) wellness approach b) holistic healing c) self-medication d) polypharmacy
d) polypharmacy
During an online interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement, "Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________. a) intuitive deduction b) personal observation c) medical hypothesis d) scare tactic
d) scare tactic
Energy is defined as ________. a) movement b) change c) transformation d) the capacity to perform work
d) the capacity to perform work
Infants ________ have a higher risk of obesity during childhood. a) with birth weights between 6.0 and 8.0 pounds b) who are given vitamin C supplements c) who are breastfed d) whose mothers have obesity
d) whose mothers have obesity
Over the past two years, Betsy has gained excess weight and body fat that has left her feeling tired and sluggish. At a recent doctor's appointment, Betsy was diagnosed with hypertension and pre-diabetes. Which of the following would you recommend to Betsy to help reduce the excess body fat that has accumulated in her body over the past couple of years? a) Ensure she is getting enough high-quality sleep b) Participate in regular physical activity c) Consume a diet based on whole, unprocessed foods d) Engage in mindful eating practices e) All of these choices are correct.
e) All of these choices are correct.
