American Government Chapter 3: Federalsim Connect Questions
The No Child Left Behind Act is an example of which kind of federal grant?
Categorical
Which of the following statements best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in bush v. gore?
the Florida recount violated the Equal Protection Clause by not insuring that every vote would be treated equally
Match the Supreme Court decision with the corresponding effect: 1. Gibbons v Ogden: 2. U.S. v. Lopez:
1. Expanded national government authority 2. Reduced national government authority.
Match the grant type with the applicable characteristic. 1. Project grant 2. Formula grant 3. Block grants
1. Recipients compete for money by writing proposal for grant use. 2. It typically requires state or local government to match grant funds. 3. It provides the greatest discretion or allocating funds.
Concurrent powers are...
1. powers that the national and state government exercise at the same time. 2. powers that the national and state governments exercise independently.
The enumerated powers of the national government are listed in which Article(s) of the United States Constitution?
Article I, II, III.
Which Article of the Constitution lays out the obligations that states have to one another and to the citizens of other states?
Article IV
What is the primary distinction between cooperative federalism and centralized federalism?
Cooperative federalism grants assist states in meeting their priorities, while centralized federalism grants come with strings attached.
Which governing level has historically carried the largest burden in funding elementary and secondary education?
State
According to the US Supreme Court, how can state constitutions alter the rights and liberties of citizens enumerated in the US Constitution?
State constitutions can guarantee more than the minimum rights or liberties in the US Constitution.
The --- Amendment reserves powers for the states that are not expressly delegated to the national government by the Constitution.
Tenth
Which of the following regarding regional governments in a unitary system are correct?
The central government can eliminate any regional unit, The central government creates all regional units, the central government can unilaterally remove responsibilities and authority from regional governments.
Why did the colonies eventually declare independence form the British Crown?
The colonies had no formal venue for influencing parliamentary policy
Which of the following are typically considered advantages of the US Federal system?
numerous access points, flexibility, multilevel government involvement, accommodation of state to state differences.
US citizens typically owe which required duty or burden to every governing layer?
paying taxes
Place in order the following major periods of intergovernmental relations in our federal system, beginning with the first type of federalism established in the US and ending with the most current form used.
1. Dual federalism (Each layer has a separate sphere of authority) 2. Cooperative Federalism (The federal and state work together to implement programs) 3. Centralized Federalism (the federal government uses grants to control policymaking. 4. Conflicted federalism
Match the enumerated power with the implied power necessary for Congress to fulfill the enumerated power. 1. interstate commerce: 2. regulate the money supply: 3. national defense: 4. provide for the general welfare:
1. grant charters to a companies doing business in multiple states 2. establish a national bank 3. fund the development of fighter aircraft 4. establish national parks
Match the tool used by the national government to expand its authority over state powers with the description of the tool: 1. Mandate: 2. Preemption: 3. Partial Preemption: 4. Federal Grant:
1. legislative clause requiring state and local governments to comply with federal standard 2. situation in which national policy supersedes state or local policy 3. situation in which states can set their own standards, provided they adhere to national standards. 4. money that can be used for a specific or broad federal program
Match the Constitutional Amendment with its primary purpose: Fourteenth Amendment: Thirteenth Amendment: Sixteenth Amendment: Fifteenth Amendment: Seventeenth Amendment:
14: guaranteed states provide due process to citizens 13: legally ended slavery in all states 16: created federal income tax 15: guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race, color, creed. 17: allowed citizens to directly vote for senators.
Which amendment required the states to honor the Bill of Rights?
14th Amendment
During which period was dual federalism the dominant form of federalism in the United States?
1789-1932
When did the United States ratify the sixteenth amendment?
1913
Interstate compacts are an example of which form of federalism?
Horizontal
Which of the following policy issues could be best solved by and interstate compact?
A river borders two states that both wish to harness its engergy potential.
What is an interstate compact?
Interstate compacts are agreements between states that must be approved by Congress.
Which system allows a national government to maintain authority within its borders while cooperating with the independent sovereign governments that form it?
Confederal system
Why does the Constitution give implied powers to Congress?
Congress cannot fulfill the enumerated powers without implicit powers.
Federal grants-in-aid
Do not need to be paid back
The fourteenth amendment extends which of the following liberties to citizens of the various states?
Due process, equal protection of the laws, privileges
Which of the following is the best definition of what determines the amount of money a state or local government can expect to receive from a block grant?
Each block grant includes a very simple formula based on state population statistics.
Which of the following statements best represents the American constitutional model of federalism
Each level is sovereign with the exception of overlapping issues in which case the federal level enjoys supremacy.
The full faith and credit clause asserts that:
Each state must recognize as legally binding the public acts, records, and judicial proceeding of every other state.
Which of the following prompted calls to fix the defects of the confederal system created under the Articles of Confederation?
Economic problems, such as the national government's inability to collect taxes from the individual states. Domestic rebellions, such as Shays' Rebellion.
Which law, passed in 2015, devolves education policy responsibility back to states and local school districts?
Every Student Succeeds Act
Which of these colonies adopted its own constitution after the Declaration of Independence from Great Britain?
Every colony
In the Gibbons v Ogden, the Supreme Court interpreted the power to "regulate commerce among the several states" in such a way as to ___ this enumerated power.
Expand.
True of False: Only Republican lawmakers and presidents support devolution, or the return of policy responsibilities to state and local governments.
False
True or False: Categorical project grants provide more money to governments than categorical grants:
False
True or False: the federal government fully funds all mandates.
False
According to Article VI of the Constitution, which layer of government prevails whenever two or more layers pass conflicting laws?
Federal
The Constitution enumerates for which level of government?
Federal
What are some examples of additional rights that have been granted citizens by states?
Freedom of expression in privately owned properties, guarantees of clean air, protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation.
Which supreme court decision established the power of Judicial Review, the Court's authority to determine whether an action of any government operating within the United States violates the Constitution?
Marbury v Maddison
Which of the following US Supreme Court cases upheld the distribution of federal grants to states as constitutional?
Massachusetts v Mellon
True or false: Citizens living in a country with a federal system experience different rights, liberties, and civic opportunities based on where they live.
True
Which of these issues best exemplifies the Supreme Court's inconsistency during the era of conflicted federalism?
Medical Marijuana
Cooperative-era intergovernmental transfers carried which of the following characteristics?
National grants-in-aid carried few specific terms and conditions
What is the constitutional basis for preemptions?
National policy naturally supersedes state and local policy if the issue falls within the enumerated and implied national powers.
Which of the following presidents supported devolution or the return of policy responsibilities to state and local governments?
Presidents Nixon and Ronald Reagan
Which of the following is an example of a "reasonable requirement" imposed on new residents by states?
Requiring new residents to wait thirty days before they can vote.
Delegates from each state except ___ attended the convention to adopt the Articles of Confederation except
Rhode Island
Why did the Constitution enumerate fewer powers to the state governments?
State governments were expected to retain much of the authority they already enjoyed.
With the ratification of the US Constitution in 1789, which of the following had the authority to elect US senators?
State legislatures
Which represents a level of government most Americans live under?
State, county, municipal or township, national
Why do states continue to accept federal grant money?
States depend on the federal grant money to meet budget obligations.
The use of grants-in0aid by the national government to share revenues and promote national interests did not become common until :
The Great Depression
Which critical event led to the cooperative federalism era?
The Great Depression
The US Constitution distributes education policy to which governing layer:
The US Constitution does not discuss educational policy
The US Constitution defines or recognizes powers associated with which of the following levels of government?
The federal and state levels
Who or what defines the purpose of a categorical grant?
The federal government
Which of these officials must request the extradition of a possible criminal to the state in which a crime occurred?
The governor of the state where the crime was committed.
Which governing layer sets policy priorities in a cooperative system?
The layers share priority setting.
Which of the following is the primary controversy regarding federal grants-in-aid?
The money comes with strings attached, which allows the national government too much control over state policy making.
Congress receives implied powers through which clause of the Constitution?
The necessary and proper clause.
Which of the following governing powers fit within the definition of concurrent powers?
The power to tax, the power to borrow money, the power to contract and pay debts, the power of eminent domain.
Which level of government enjoys ultimate control of a policy issue requiring intergovernmental collaboration?
The state, federal, or local level maintains authority depending on the policy area.
Which phrase best describes the relationship between the national government and the states within the framework of a cooperative federalism system?
The two levels work together in addressing domestic matters reserved to the states.
The powers granted by the British Crown to the American colonies did not include:
Trade policies Taxation
The powers granted by the British Crown to the American colonies did not include:
Trade policies and taxation.
The national government enjoys unilateral sovereign power in which governing system(s)?
Unitary
A ______ is an exemption from a condition that is normally attached to grants, such as the No Child Left Behind Act.
Waiver
Federalism is characterized by the existence of two government levels, each with their ultimate authority over some maters, in an arrangement called ______ _______.
duel sovereignty
Which of the following is a power delegated to the states?
electing congressional representatives.
One example of how the federal government has used to sixteenth amendment taxation power to support national goals is :
establishing a legal drinking age of 21 years
The formula for categorical formula grants which of the following variables?
factors related to the purpose of the grant
A governmental structure with two levels of government in which each level has sovereignty over different policy matters and geographic areas is a ____ system
federal
Compared to cooperative federalism, centralized federalism was characterized by:
greater national government control.
The best label or description for the obligations and mandates one state can have with another state would be?
horizontal federalism
In recent years the US Federal System has been affected by:
increased hostility and tension between state governments and the national government increased partisan conflict within Congress
At present, the number of strings or requirements associated with block grants are:
increasing, which reduces state discretion
Which of the following is typically pointed out as a disadvantage of the US federal system today?
it creates inequalities in services and policies.
How did the 17th amendment alter the role of senators in the US federal system?
it decreased state power over the Senate and made senators less accountable to the state legislatures.
Laws designed to protect the health, safety, lives and property of citizens are called ____ laws.
police
What are Concurrent powers?
powers that are exercised by both the national and state governments, although independently.
Which clause of Article IV of the US Constitution asserts that each state must extend to other states' citizens the same conditions it provides for its own citizens?
privileges and immunities
Which of the following activities is not an example of concurrent authority?
raising a military and defending citizens.
Intergovernmental relations involves which states of the policy process:
statement development, financing, and implementation stages.
Every law passed by any layer of American government must comply with :
the Constitution.
Which of the following countries does not have a unitary system?
the United States
Indian reservations are considered sovereign foreign nations, but are subject to ____ laws and treaties.
the federal level
The US federal system can be confusing because :
the language of the Constitution is vague and needs to be interpreted.
Which governing layer retains responsibility for implementing elementary and secondary education policies?
the local layer
Which levels of government does the US Constitution recognize?
the national government state governments
What was the central issue in South Dakota v. Dole?
the national government's authority to penalize states that did not adopt a legal drinking age of at least 21 AND the national government's authority to provide transportation grants with specific conditions.
The Supreme Court in "National League of Cities v Usery" ruled that state and local governments were not required to comply with which federal law?
the national minimum wage
The necessary and proper clause in Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution extends : the enumerated federal powers. Which of the following are among the enumerated powers granted to the national government by the constitution?
the power to coin money, the power to raise an army, the power to declare war.
What did the Supreme Court decide in McCulloch v. Maryland?
the proper and necessary clause to establish a national bank.
Why did the framers of the Constitution specifically enumerated very few powers for the states?
the state governments were already functioning prior to constitutional ratification.
Great Britain has which type of governing system?
unitary
The language of the Constitution is...
vague, which continues to spark disputes over what the constitutional powers of the national government are versus the powers of state government.
