American Government MidtermWhat issue led to the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Libertarianism advocates:

"hands off" government approach in most matters.

Our state Georgia has

16 electoral votes

In which year were women granted the right to vote in the United States?

1920

As a result of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, which of the following can happen that couldn't before the decision?

A Union can spend money to promote a candidate for federal office.

Public opinion studies have demonstrated that no matter how religious they are, __________ are more likely to vote for Democrats.

African Americans

Which of the following is a central principle of the Declaration of Independence?

All men are equal.

Which of the following statements reflects the constitutional structure within the Articles of Confederation? (1781-1789)?

Any constitutional amendments required unanimous approval of all 13 states, State governments would implement and pay for congressionally approved policies, Approval of policies and treaty ratification required nine affirmative votes, State courts retained jurisdiction over legal matters except in cases of interstate conflict.

The supremacy clause, which establishes the supreme law of the land, is mentioned in which article of the constitution?

Article VI

Which Supreme Court decision ended the federal government's support for separate but equal practices in the southern states?

Brown v. Board of Education Topeka

Which of the following Supreme Court decision is NOT related to the right to privacy?

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

Which of the following is true of the characteristics of Generation Z?

Compared to millennials, a greater percentage of them believe that gender does not define a person as much as it used to.

Which branch of the government must review and approve interstate compacts?

Congress

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe how the winner of the presidential election is chosen?

Congress counts the electoral votes and the electors certify the official outcome in each state's capitol.

Which Latino group more strongly identifies as Republican?

Cuban Americans

In U.S. presidential primaries, who decides which candidate will receive the national party nomination?

Delegates selected by popular vote

During the Era of Good Feelings, there as widespread popular support for the presidents who were members of which party?

Democratic-Rpublican

The Supreme Court has selectively incorporated some of the Bill of Rights and applied them to state action through the

Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following statements about interest groups and their political action committees (PACs) is most accurate?

Interest groups tend to strengthen the advantage of incumbency.

Which of the following is NOT true of the two-party system in the United States?

It is weakened by the winner-take-all electoral system.

During the era of the Second Party System, which political coalition rose to power?

Jacksonian Democrats

Which of the following was used in southern states during the Jim Crow era to deny African Americans their voting rights?

Literacy tests Poll taxes grandfather clauses white primaries

Which regions of the United States are seeing increased elderly populations, as younger people leave these regions and seek opportunities elsewhere?

Midwest and Plains

Which constitutional amendment indicated that the list of already-included civil liberties in previous amendments was NOT exhaustive?

Ninth Amendment

Political culture can be defined as the

People's collective beliefs and attitudes about government and the political process.

Which Court ruling created the separate but equal doctrine, which upheld state laws that mandated racial segregation in schools and all public accommodations?

Plessy v. Ferguson

Which of the following is most correct of the role and ideology of progressivism in the United States today?

The Green New Deal and Medicare for All are popular initiatives among progressives.

Which of the following is NOT correct about presidential primaries?

The candidates who win a 2/3 majority of their parties' delegates win the nomination?

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the Electoral College system?

The system promotes national unity.

Which amendment was passed in 1865 and outlawed slavery?

Thirteenth Amendment

How many fundamental government bodies, or branches are described by the U.S. Constitution?

Three

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

banned voter registration practices, such as literacy tests, and redrawing districts without federal approval?

Public opinion studies suggest that among white voters, those who regularly attend religious services are more likely to

be Republican.

Political engagement can be defined as

citizen actions intended to solve public problems through political means.

Individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern are called

civic engagement

The practice of interest groups using public outreach to build favorable public opinion of an organization or company is known as Question 24 options:

climate control

A union of independent states in which each state retains its sovereignty, and agrees to work collaboratively on matters that states expressly agree to delegate to a central governing body is called

confederation

A city ordinance that prohibits the use of bullhorns after midnight in residential neighborhoods would be

constitutional as long as it was content neutral.

Which of the following best describes the form of government of the United States?

constitutional democracy

In a democracy, the idea of the consent of the governed argues that government power

derives from the people's consent.

Divided government occurs when

different parties control the presidency and Congress

Which type of power relationship prevailed between national government and the states between 1789 and 1932?

dual federalism

Which of the following was NOT a philosophy of the Jacksonian Democrats?

elitism

All of the following are key Republican positions EXCEPT

environmental protection

The _____________ clause of the constitution is often interpreted as a separation of church and state.

establishment

Which of the following correctly describes what contributed to the decline of political parties?

government's increased role over time in providing social welfare benefits. primary elections. changes in the mass media in which parties no longer are provides of the news. the rise of candidate-centered campaigns.

The right to privacy

has been ruled by the Court as inherent in many of the other constitutional guarantees.

In recent years, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party have become more

ideologically polarized.

The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts?

implied powers

In elections, PAC funding shapes electoral outcomes by tending to favor which type of candidate?

incumbents

The experience of facing discrimination for multiple reasons, such as because you are Asian, low-income, and female is known as

intersectionality

In public opinion studies, which branch of the federal government consistently scores higher in levels of public trust than others?

judicial branch

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did NOT have the power to:

levy taxes.

Conservatism advocates which of the following principles?

limited role of government in people's every day lives.

The Iron Triangle involves the interaction of mutual interests among

members of Congress, government officials, and interst groups.

Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of implied powers?

necessary and proper clause

According to one of the provisions of the Lemon test, for a state Law to not violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment, it must

not entangle the government excessively in religion.

___________ refers to a legal theory that state governments have the authority to invalidate national actions they deem unconstitutional.

nullification

Which of these types of government sees power held in the hands of an elite few?

oligarchy

Political machines primarily used ________________ as a device to reward political supporters.

patronage

All of the following are tenets of pluralist theory EXCEPT that

policy making is an elite business, staffed by the powerful and highly educated.

Separate entities formed by interest groups whose specific goals is to raise and spend money to influence election outcomes are known as

political action committees

The process by which individuals acquire their political values and opinions is called

political socialization.

Identify the correct chronological order among the following, starting with which comes first.

primary election, candidate nomination, general election

____________ refers to a form of censorship by government whereby it blocks the publication of news stories viewed as libelous or harmful.

prior restraint

Which voting system rewards political parties with a number of seats equal to the percentage of the vote they receive?

proportional representation

The Fifth Amendment establishes

protection against compelled self-incrimination.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits businesses from making discriminatory hiring decisions based on which inherent characteristic(s)?

race, color, sex, religion, and national origin

What term is used by political scientists to refer to a shift in party allegiances or electoral support?

realignment

What type of election allows voters to cut short an office-holder's term?

recall election

Which of the following is a power of state governments, not the national government?

redistrict U.S. House districts.

The powers accorded to the states in the Tenth Amendment are known as __________ powers.

reserved

A voter who evaluates an incumbent candidate based on the candidate's past decisions and actions is a(n)

retrospective voter

Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme Court decision that

set the precedent for judicial review.

What issue led to the Three-Fifths Compromise?

slavery

In a federal system, which body retains primary jurisdiction over local governments?

state governments

That national law prevail over conflicting state laws is part of the Constitution's

supremacy clause.

Picketing, flag burning, or wearing an armband to protest war are all examples of

symbolic speech

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of the Constitution?

taxation without representation

The full faith and credit clause asserts

that states must recognize each other's public acts, records, and judicial proceedings.

Proponents of the Electoral College argue

that the system provided for a stable democracy for over 200 years.

Which of these marked the appearance of cooperative federalism?

the New Deal

In its 2010 McDonald v. Chicago decision about the Second Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled that

the Second Amendment is incorporated under the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following are considered concurrent powers available to national and state governments?

the authority to establish courts to resolve conflicts over laws, the authority to implement policy, the authority to make policy, the authority to raise money

Which of the following is one of the controversial issues related to the 8th Amendment?

the death penalty

According to the Constitution,

the judicial branch resolves conflicts over law.

The main factor in the eventual ratification of the Constitution by the states was

the promise that a bill of rights would be added.

Under the Articles of Confederation, most power rested with

the states.

Constitutional amendments can be ratified by

three-fourths vote in either state legislatures or state conventions.

Which of the following is NOT a function of most governments?

to arrest all opponents.

Which of these types of governmental structure essentially controls every aspect of citizens' lives?

totalitarian

Which of the following statements about who can vote in primary elections is the most accurate?

Who can vote in primary elections varies from state to state.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of women voters?

Women are more likely than men to favor Republican candidates.

The Connecticut Compromise (or Great Compromise) produced

a bicameral Congress.

A legal safeguard that prevents the government from arbitrarily depriving citizens of life, liberty, or property is

a due process protection.

The "dual sovereignty" of the Constitution refers to

a federal system, or the sharing of power between national government and state governments.

Which of the following correctly describes "partisan federalism"?

a preference for state or national government action that depends on policy substance and partisan make up of government at the other levels.

The key to a successful sample is

accurately reflecting the population.

Which of the following are actions practiced by individuals who engage in civic life and public experience?

advocating for one's own and others' self-interest. active communication with policymakers and others. accumulation of knowledge about public issues. holding public officials accountable for their actions and decisions.

Using the ordinary scrutiny test, courts have been willing to allow what type of differential treatment?

age-based

Redlining refers to

an illegal practice in which banks or insurance companies refuse or limit loans, mortgages, or insurance within specific geographic areas, often inter-city neighborhoods.