American History 2

What describes why Progressives worked to reform the meat-packing industry in the early 1900s?

the industry used unsafe manufacturing practices

What government action prompted the organization of two women's suffrage groups in 1869?

the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment

What describes Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony?

two women who formed the National Woman Suffrage Association

Read the quotation by Theodore Roosevelt: "There is filth on the floor, and it must be scraped up with the muck rake; and there are times and places where this service is the most needed of all the services that can be performed...The men with the muck rakes are often indispensable to the well-being of society." According to this quotation, what describes Roosevelt's view on journalism?

writers who expose corruption perform a vital service to America

What leader in the early 1900s supported the idea that African Americans should temporarily accept inequality while working to gain job skills and obtain economic independence?

Booker T. Washington

What describes the relationship between Jim Crow laws and the "separate but equal" doctrine?

Jim Crow laws were designed to enforce this doctrine by requiring racial segregation for public facilities

Who was the woman who opened the first birth-control clinic in the United States?

Margaret Sanger

What describes how muckrakers brought about reform in the Porgressive Era?

Muckrakers presented Americans with facts about corruption in industry and government that prompted them to demand change

Following the Springfield race riots of 1908, journalist William English Walling called on his fellow Americans to "revive the abolitionist spirit," what did it lead to the development of?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Who first applied the term muckraker to journalism?

President Theodore Roosevelt

What is an example of muckraking disguised as a work of fiction?

The Octopus by Frank Norris

What leader helped to form the Niagra movement?

W.E.B. Du Bois

What man's belief was The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People founded on?

W.E.B. Du Bois

What describes Booker T. Washington?

a civil rights leader who was born into slavery and later worked to achieve racial equality

Who was a muckraker?

a reporter who wrote about corruption and crime in industry and governent

While Booker T. Washington believed in an accommodationist approach to racial equality, what did W.E.B. Du Bois believe in?

actively working to achieve civil rights for all

What did Booker T. Washington believe that the best strategy to end racial segregation?

adapt to it as they worked to gain equality

In 1833, what did Oberlin College become the first US college to do?

admit women on equal terms with men

In the early 1900s, what federal legislation did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People strongly push for?

ban the practice of lynching

In the early 1800s, why did society consider temperance to be a "respectable" cause for female reformers?

because this issue related to community welfare and family

What did Ukrainian immigrant Clara Lemlich accomplish in 1909?

better working conditions for female garment workers in New York City

What describes a similarity between W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington?

both supported full racial equality

How did muckrakers influence the Progressive movement at the turn of the century?

by bringing important social issues to light

How did Progressives want to reform education during the Progressive Era?

by requiring children to attend school

What is one reason that Progressives tried to eliminate child labor in the United States?

children worked long hours in unsafe conditions

What was President Roosevelt's first reaction to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?

disbelief and distrust of Sinclair's claims

In which area were the Progressives unsuccessful?

eliminating child labor

What was one main goal of Progressives in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

enact reforms in social policy

What did Ida B. Well's book The Red Record expose?

exposed the horrors of lynching in America

What describes the result of the Uprising of the Twenty Thousand?

factory owners agreed to increase worker's wages and shorten the work week

W.E.B. Du Bois was a sociologist and activist who:

fought for the political and social rights of African Americans

What was a common goal of the Populists and the Progressives during the Progressive Era?

government regulation of business

What did Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute eventually grow into?

grew from a small school into a university

What did Booker T. Washington believe that African American accommodation to segregation should be accompanied by?

hard work, self-improvement, and patience

Read the quotation from Booker T. Washington's Up From Slavery: An Autobiography; "Every persecuted individual and race should get much consolation out of the great human law, which is universal and eternal, that merit, no matter under what skin found, is, in the long run, recognized and rewarded." How does this quotation relate to Washington's theory of accommodation?

he believed that in a merit-based society, hard work and patience would lead to racial equality

What describes the main way that Upon Sinclair gathered research for The Jungle?

he went undercover as a worker in a meat packing plant

What did the Supreme Court's Plessy v. Ferguson decision rule about Louisiana's Separate Car Act?

helped maintain public peace and good order

What is Elizabeth Cady Stanton most noted for?

helping draft the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments

What aspect of Upton Sinclair's life explains his reasons for writing The Jungle?

his socialist politics

Jim Crow laws, a set of racist and discriminatory rules and regulations against African Americans, where were they enacted?

in the South starting in the mid- to late 1800s

Read the quotation from Dr. Oswald P. Bronson, recalling his childhood under Jim Crow: "Even on our way to school some days, men would come by and throw oranges at us, sometimes rock perhaps. We [also] were very much aware of police brutality in that city at that time. We were conscious of the Ku Klux Klan riding around the town to keep everybody in check." In this quotation, what is Dr. Bronson describing?

intimidation, scare tactics, and violence perpetrated by both the police and the Ku Klux Klan against African American citizens

What describes a major effect of Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle?

it created a controversy that influenced President Roosevelt to take action

Why did the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1869 prompt the formation of two major suffrage organizations?

it granted formerly enslaved people the right to vote, while women were still denied this right

What describes W.E.B. Du Bois's opinion of Booker T. Washington's accommodationist approach?

it reinforced segregation and discrimination

What describes a major problem faced by the Niagra movement?

lack of organizational structure

Read the quotation from Justice John Marshall Harlan in his Plessy v. Ferguson dissent in 1896: "Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens." How were the views Harlan expressed in this quotation used later in the Supreme Court?

later adopted by the Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board of Education decision

What was an unintended result of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?

laws were passed to ensure food and drug safety

What did Margaret Sanger's appeal of her 1916 arrest result in?

legalization of doctors prescribing contraceptives and discussing family planning with patients

What did Ida B. Wells work to end through her muckraking articles?

lynching of and discrimination against African Americans

Read the quotation from Booker T. Washington's 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech:"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." What describes the view Washington is expressing in this quotation?

maintaining an individual and racial identity does not mean all people cannot work together

During the Progressive Era, what did new business regulations focus on?

monopolies

What group of people worked to inform the public about injustices of the Progressive Era?

muckrakers

What describes how muckrakers brought about reform in the Progressive Era?

muckrakers presented Americans with facts about corruption in industry and government that promted them to demand change

What was a success of the Progressive movement?

passing laws that protected child workers

What directly violated the intent of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution?

poll taxes

How did Jacob Rii's How the Other Half Lives shock the American public?

powerful photographs depicting conditions in city slums

During the Jim Crow era, why did southern states impose poll taxes and literacy tests?

prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote

Despite the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, southern states implemented Jim Crow laws, what were they designed to do?

prevent African Americans from gaining equality

Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned in 1954, what was decided by the Supreme Court?

racial segregation was unconstitutional

What did the court case Plessy v. Ferguson challenge the legality of?

racially segregated train cars

What was a corrupt business practice that Frank Norris exposed in The Octopus?

railroad companies selling land to farmers and secretly keeping legal ownership of the land

What caused a need for political and social reform in the late 1800s?

rapid industrialization

What was a major goal of Progressives during the Progressive Era?

regulating business practices

What was an important labor reform during the Progressive Era?

securing workers' compensation

In upholding Louisiana's Separate Car Act, what did the Supreme Court claim?

segregation did not constitute discriminaion

What describes Margaret Sanger?

she advocated for women's health and helped educate women about birth control and family planning

What did Emma Hart Willard accomplish in 1826?

she founded the first all-girls high school in the US

How did Ida Tarbell help end the Standard Oil monopoly?

she wrote a series of articles exposing the corruption of standard oil

In 1892, why was Homer Plessy arrested?

sitting in a "whites only" rail car

When government inspectors investigated the claims made by Upton Sinclair in The Jungle, what did they find?

slaughterhouse conditions were even worse than Sinclair had reported

Read the quotation from Booker T. Washington's Up From Slavery: "No One section of our country was wholly responsible for its introduction, and, besides, it was recognized and protected for years by the General Government. Having once got its tentacles fastened on to the economic and social life of the Republic, it was no easy matter for the country to relieve itself of the institution." On what point would Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois agree?

slavery has lasting and extensive effects on every aspect of American society

In the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, what did Supreme Court justices claim that the Fourteenth Amendment did not protect?

social rights

What shows the correct order of events in women's suffrage?

suffrage in some Eastern states, Catt's "Winning Plan," the Nineteenth Amendment

What describes the causes women reformers and activists focused on before the suffragist movement?

temperance, abolition of slavery, and education for women and girls

In the early 1800s, what issues did female reformers focus on?

temperance, abolition, and women's access for education

Read the quotation by W.E.B. Du Bois: "We refuse to allow the impression to remain that the Negro-American assents to inferiority, is submissive under oppression and apologetic before insults." In this quotation, Du Bois disagrees with Booker T. Washington's accommodationist approach because Du Bois is expressing what?

temporarily accepting discrimination will not lead to equality

What would supporters of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling most likely have agreed with?

that "separate but equal" was a valid legal doctrine

What is considered to be the first major event of the women's movement?

the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention

What legislation discouraged businesses from using child labor during the Progressive Era?

the Keating-Owen Act

What was the main difference between the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)?

the NWSA worked for a constitutional amendment granting suffrage; the AWSA fought for suffrage at the state level

What marked the achievement of a long-held suffragist goal in the early 1900s?

the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution

How did the Supreme Court limit the success of reform during the Progressive Era?

the court sometimes repealed laws or parts of laws that concerned reform

In the case Lochner v. New York, who did the Supreme Court rule could determine the length of the workday?

the employers and employees

Read the quotation from Booker T. Washington's 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech: "Progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing." In this quotation, what view is Washington is expressing?

the government cannot legislate equality

In How the Other Half Lives, what does Jacob Riis expose?

the harsh living conditions in New York City slums

What impact did Sinclair's book have on the era of Progressive reform?

the jungle showed that if the public was informed about a certain issue, it had the power to demand reform from the government

What was the goal of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton's National Woman suffrage Association?

the passage of a constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote

What was a result of the Progressive Party's focus on protecting consumers?

the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

What was the effect of the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Lochner v. New York?

the progressive movement suffered a setback because a state law that limited the workday to ten hours was struck down

Read the quotation from Upton Sinclair's The Jungle: "There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumptive germs." What describes the American public's reaction to reading The Jungle?

the public was outraged and demanded legislative reform from the government

What describes the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Lochner v. New York?

the supreme court found that states could not intervene in limiting the length of a workday

What describes the Progressives' view on conservation?

they supported conservation to preserve the environment's beauty

What describes Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Frank Norris's impact on journalism?

they were among the first to publicize immoral, corrupt practices of large industries

Read the quotation from Lincoln Steffens's The Shame of the Cities: "My purpose was...to see if the shameful facts, spread out in all their shame, would not burn through our civic shamelessness and set fire to American pride." According to Steffens, what was the purpose of muckraking journalism?

to encourage people to take action against widespread corruption

What was a major goal of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People when it was formed in 1909?

to end segregation

What describes muckraker Lincoln Steffens's goal?

to expose and reform corruption in politics

What describes Carrie Chapman Catt's "Winning Plan" to achieve national women's suffrage?

to win women's suffrage in as many states as possible while campaigning Congress to pass a constitutional amendment

How did the role of women during World War 1 affect the suffragist movement?

women served as nurses and ambulance drivers during the war, convincing people to support their right to vote

How did the 1840 World's Anti-Slavery Convention affect the women's suffrage movement?

women were not allowed to fully participate in the convention; this led several key female activists to shift their focus to women's right

Starting in the 1800s, what did members of the suffragist movement in the United States focused on?

women's right to vote