American History Exam 1

The agricultural revolution in the Americas occurred around ___________________ years ago.

10,000

Which of the following is the name for the group who murdered Conestoga Indians in Pennsylvania in December 1763?

Paxton Boys

Why were monarchs afraid of challenging the Catholic Church?

They might be excommunicated and dammed to hell

Pontiac's Rebellion was

a broad-based alliance of American Indian tribes

Indians living east of the Mississippi were largely:

matriarchal

What principle was Patrick Henry referring to when he said that "Virginians were subject only to taxes that they themselves -- or their representatives -- imposed."

no taxation without representation

Which of the following best describes most of the first English settlers to arrive at the colony of Jamestown?

peasants who had been forced off their farms and sought work

What was the "conspiracy" of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741?

slaves conspiring to burn down the city and take control

Which of the following represents a concern that those in England and her colonies maintained about James II?

that he would institute a Catholic absolute monarchy

Peter Minuit was the director of what European nation's first colony in the Americas?

the Netherlands

The Negro Act of 1740 was a reaction to __________________________.

the Stono Rebellion

What evidence suggests that the American colonies' declaration of independence against Great Britain was bound to happen decades before it did?

the colonies had developed their own economic structures independently from Great Britain

What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas?

trading, especially for furs

Where did Christopher Columbus first land?

Bahamas

____________________________ became wealthy trading with the East.

Venice

What was the primary goal of Britain's wars for empire from 1688 to 1763?

greater power in Europe and the world

Which of the following is not one of the tasks women performed during the Revolution?

holding government offices

What was the main reason why the Spanish settlers established a colony in New Mexico rather than remaining in Florida?

Most of the native people of Florida died of disease brought by settlers

Which of the following best describes the Columbian Exchange:

an exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas

Why was Jamestown originally founded?

as a center for economic opportunity

Which of the following is not a tenet of the Enlightenment?

atheism

What was the Dominion of New England?

the consolidated New England colony James II created

Which of the following had the greatest role in the economic growth of Britain's North American colonies in the 1700s?

the expansion of slavery

What was a consequence of the growth in population that occurred in the American colonies in the early 1700s?

the gap between the rich and poor became wider

For which of the following activities were the Sons of Liberty responsible?

the hanging and beheading of a stamp commissioner in effigy

To what does the term "Restoration" refer?

the restoration of Charles II to the English throne

Why did the French first begin exploring the Great Lakes region?

they were looking for a direct sea route to China

Which of the following was decided at the First Continental Congress?

to boycott all British goods and prepare for possible military action

Which of the following was not a goal of the Stamp Act?

to declare null and void any laws the colonies had passed to govern and tax themselves

What was the main reason why the British government offered free land as a means of encouraging immigration to their American colonies?

to defend against rivals and attacks from native peoples

What was the chief goal of the Puritans?

to eliminate any traces of Catholicism from the Church of England

Why did King Louis XIV first send French explorers to the Great Lakes region?

to find a direct route to China

Which of the following Indian peoples built homes in cliff dwellings that still exist?

Anasazi

Scholars theorize that the first people in the Americas migrated across this land bridge between 9,000 and 15,000 years ago:

Beringia

Muhammad's Koran affirms _________________________ but claims that Christ was a prophet, not the son of God.

Monotheism

Why did Christopher Columbus underestimate the Earth's circumference?

Most scholars did not believe Eratosthenes's calculations

Which American general is responsible for improving the American military position in the South?

Nathanael Greene

Which city served as the base for British operations for most of the Revolutionary War?

New York

Where did the Protestant Reformation begin?

Northern Europe

Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration?

Portugal

What was the predominant religion in Pennsylvania?

Quakerism

What was the first permanent French colony in the Americas?

Quebec

Where did the French establish their first colony in the New World?

Quebec

In 1492, the Spanish forced these two religious groups to either convert or leave:

Jews and Muslims

The New England colonists fought which conflict without the aid of colonial powers?

King Philip's War

What was the first conflict in the Americas that the colonists fought without the aid of colonial powers?

King Philip's War

In comparison to Mesoamerican cultures, the cultures of North American natives were generally:

Less agricultural

In 1626, Peter Minuit became the director of the first Dutch colony in the Americas, which was located in which modern-day location?

Manhattan

Which culture had the only writing system in the Western Hemisphere?

Maya

What was the First Great Awakening?

a Protestant revival that emphasized emotional, experiential faith over book learning

By 1750, the economic prosperity experienced by the American colonies had resulted in which of the following?

a colonial desire for political autonomy

The growth in colonial population that occurred in the early 1700s led to which of the following?

a wider gap between the rich and poor

What is the fundamental contradiction in the Declaration of Independence?

all men are created equal

What caused the deaths of most of the native population of Hispaniola in the early 1500s?

an epidemic of smallpox

When was the Middle Ages?

476 CE to the late 1300s

During the Middle Ages, who made up 60% of western Europe's population?

Serfs

The series of attempts by Christian armies to retake the Holy Lands from Muslims was known as _______________________.

The Crusades

What was the most highly developed society in South America at this time?

Inca

Which of the following is not true of a republic?

A republic is governed by a monarch and the royal officials he or she appoints

Which of the following does not describe a form of slavery traditionally practiced in Africa?

A system in which people are enslaved permanently on account of their race

The Russians was the first to explore which North American region?

Alaska

A feudal society is characterized by:

All of the above

What battle turned the tide of war in favor of the Americans?

Battle of Saratoga

The Inca were able to administer their society in part through the help of these runners who ran across long distances with important communications:

Chasquis

Mayan history was recorded in books called _____________ of which only a few survive.

Codices

Which of the following is true of the Gaspee affair?

Colonists believed that the British response represented an overreach of power

What famous document includes these words: "whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it."

Declaration of Independence

Why didn't England make stronger attempts to colonize the New World before the late sixteenth to early seventeenth century?

English attention was turned to internal struggles and the encroaching Catholic menace to Scotland and Ireland.

The first permanent colony established by Europeans in North America was in what modern-day state?

Florida

Who was the commander in chief of the British forces in America during the Revolution?

General William Howe

Aside from the British settlers, of what nationality were the largest number of European settlers to immigrate to the American colonies in the 1700s?

German

Who were the main combatants in the French and Indian War?

Great Britain against France

Which term describes German soldiers hired by Great Britain to put down the American rebellion?

Hessians

Who discovered the ancient Incan city of Machu Picchu?

Hiram Bingham

Which ideas of the European Enlightenment were most influential to the American colonists?

Inalienable rights

Which culture developed a road system rivaling that of the Romans?

Inca

Why did diseases like smallpox affect Indians so badly?

Indians had no immunity to European diseases

How did the Stamp Act signal a shift in British policy?

It demanded that colonists contribute to the support of British troops

Which of the following is true of the Proclamation Line?

It forbade white settlement west of the spine of the Appalachian Mountains

How was Tenochtitlan different from the cities of Europe at the time?

It was well planned, clean and orderly

The Europeans ceased to seek a northwest passage to Asia after the travels of which explorer made it clear that none existed?

James Cook

The Maya and the Aztec built their cultures upon the culture of the __________________.

Olmec

Which Spaniard was the first to explore Florida?

Ponce de Leon

Which explorer initiated the Spanish charting of the Southeastern region?

Ponce de Leon

Where were the first Europeans to establish a colony in North America from?

Spain

Which country established the first colonies in the Americas?

Spain

What was the first European colony established in North America?

St. Augustine

What city was being described in the following quote: "When we saw so many cities and villages built in the water and other great towns on dry land we were amazed and said it was like the enchantments...on account of the great towers and cues and buildings rising from the water, and all built of masonry."

Tenochtilan

This city was one of the largest cities in pre-Columbian America:

Teotihuacan

What was the principal cause of the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico?

The Spanish had attempted to keep the Pueblos from practicing their native religion

How did the Europeans' arrival in the New World have the most detrimental effect on its ecosystem?

The livestock brought by the Europeans devoured the native plants and animals

What actions by the Spanish settlers in the New Mexico colony led to the Pueblo Revolt?

They kept them from practicing their native religion

How did the French settlers approach colonization in the New World differently from the Spanish?

They sought to make alliances with the native peoples instead of subjugating them

How did the Inca allocate their crops?

Those unable to work were provided for by a third of the crop

By 1200 CE, the city of __________________________ became a leading center for Muslim scholarship and trade.

Timbuktu

Which of the following was a cause of the British National Debt in 1763?

both B and C, the French and Indian War and the continued British military presence in the American colonies

How did the Spanish colonists react to the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico?

by ceasing to demand labor and goods from the Pueblos for tribute

How could Spaniards obtain encomiendas?

by serving the Spanish crown

Which of the following nearly decimated the population of Hispaniola in the early 1500s?

disease

What was the primary cause for the population growth in the American colonies in the early 1700s?

immigration to the Americas from Europe