VTNE Review Dentistry
The range for acceptable gingival sulcus measurements in cats is: a. 1-3 mm b. 0.5-1 mm c. 1.5-4.5 mm d. 0.005-0.007 mm
0.5-1 mm
hen considering the size of an upper canine tooth, how much of the tooth is exposed compared with that below the gumline? a. 1/3 of the tooth is exposed b. 1/2 of the tooth is exposed c. 2/3 of the tooth is exposed d. 3/4 of the tooth is exposed
1/3 of the tooth is exposed
Which of the following describes the adult feline dental formula? a. 2 × {I 2/1:C 0/0:P 3/2:M 3/3} b. 2 × {I 3/3:C 1/1:P 4/4:M 2/3} c. 2 × {I 3/3:C 1/1:P 3/2:M 1/1} d. 2 × {I 3/3:C 1/1:P 3/3}
2 × {I 3/3:C 1/1:P 3/2:M 1/1}
Using the Triadan system, the proper way to describe a dog's first maxillary left permanent premolar is: a. 205 b. 105 c. 306 d. 502
205
When taking radiographs of the canine tooth in a large breed dog, what size of dental film should be used to ensure that the whole tooth is included? a. 0 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8" × 10" screen film
4
At what age do the permanent canine and premolar teeth in dogs generally erupt? a. 3-5 months b. 4-6 months c. 5-7 months d. 6-8 months
4-6 months
Using the Triadan system, the proper way to describe a cat's first mandibular right molar is: a. 407 b. 409 c. 109 d. 909
409
The normal adult canine mouth has how many permanent teeth? a. 40 b. 42 c. 48 d. 52
42
The carnassial teeth in dogs are: a. 4P4 and 1M1 b. 4P4 and 4P4 c. 1M1 and 1M1 d. 1C1 and 1C1
4P4 and 1M1
Prognathism is a normal condition in brachycephalic breeds but is considered a genetic defect in other breeds. It is best characterized as: a. A mandible that is longer than the maxilla b. A maxilla that is longer than the mandible c. One side of the head being longer than the other d. An overly long soft palate
A mandible that is longer than the maxilla
Mandibular Brachygnathism is a genetic defect best characterized as: a. A maxilla that is longer than the mandible b. A mandible that is longer than the maxilla c. A lack of incisors d. Polydontia
A maxilla that is longer than the mandible
The following statements are all true except: a. Sulcus depth is measured using a periodontal probe. b. A sulcus depth ≤3 mm is normal in a cat. c. A sulcus depth >3 mm indicates periodontal disease. d. The probe is inserted gently into the gingival sulcus parallel to the root of the tooth.
A sulcus depth ≤3 mm is normal in a cat.
What term identifies the loss of tooth structure by an outside cause? a. Plaque b. Attrition c. Calculus d. Abrasion
Abrasion
An oronasal fistula can often occur secondary to: a. Abscess of the mandibular canine tooth b. Incisor root abscess c. Abscess of the maxillary canine tooth d. Retained deciduous incisors
Abscess of the maxillary canine tooth
Hypodontia is defined as: a. Congenital absence of many, but not all, teeth b. Total absence of teeth c. Absence of only a few teeth d. Inflammation of the mouth
Absence of only a few teeth
What members of the veterinary staff make up the oral health care team? a. The veterinarian b. The veterinary technician c. The receptionists d. All of the above
All of the above
In patients with severe, chronic periodontal disease, medication can be administered before a dental cleaning is performed. What is the most common type of medication chosen for these animals? a. Corticosteroids b. Antimicrobials c. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories d. Immunostimulants
Antimicrobials
Perioceutics refers to which of the following? a. Procedure to restore the periodontal ligament b. Application of time-released antibiotics directly within the oral cavity c. Use of antibiotics before dental procedure d. Procedure to cap the pulp cavity of the tooth
Application of time-released antibiotics directly within the oral cavity
What term means the wearing away of enamel by tooth-against-tooth contact during mastication? a. Plaque b. Attrition c. Calculus d. Abrasion
Attrition
The flap side of the dental film should face: a. Any direction, because it does not matter b. Toward the tube head c. Away from the tube head d. The caudal side of the animal
Away from the tube head
A malocclusion that causes the canines to erupt lingually displaced as a result of an abnormally narrow mandible or the delayed exfoliation of the deciduous mandibular canine teeth is known as: a. Posterior/caudal crossbite b. Base-narrow mandibular canines c. Wry mouth d. Rostral/anterior crossbite
Base-narrow mandibular canines
A bulldog would be described as having what type of head shape? a. Brachycephalic b. Dolichocephalic c. Mesaticephalic/mesocephalic d. Prognacephalic
Brachycephalic
The term that best describes a dog with an abnormally short mandible is: a. Prognathism b. Brachygnathism c. Mesaticephalic d. Dolichocephalic
Brachygnathism
Normal scissor occlusion occurs when the maxillary fourth premolars occlude: a. Level with the mandibular fourth premolar b. Buccally to the mandibular first molar c. Buccally to the mandibular fourth premolar d. Lingually to the mandibular first molar
Buccally to the mandibular first molar
Abbreviations are commonly used in veterinary practice and some abbreviations are exclusive to dental terminology. Which abbreviation best aligns with the complicated crown fracture? a. CCF b. UCF c. UCRF d. CCRF
CCF
Abbreviations are commonly used in veterinary practice and some abbreviations are exclusive to dental terminology. Which abbreviation best aligns with a complicated crown and root fracture? a. CCF b. UCF c. UCRF d. CCRF
CCRF
What mineralized tissue covers the root of the tooth? a. Calculus b. Enamel c. Cementum d. Dentin
Cementum
Dentin is covered by: a. Enamel and bone b. Bone and pulp c. Cementum and enamel d. Pulp and cementum
Cementum and enamel
The occlusal surface is defined as the: a. Surface facing the hard palate b. Surface nearer the cheek c. Chewing surface of the tooth d. Surface nearer the tongue
Chewing surface of the tooth
Which of the following statements about canine toy breeds is true? a. Chronic impaction of incisor teeth with hair and debris often results in a chronic osteomyelitis. b. Malocclusions are rare in toy breeds in comparison with giant-breed dogs. c. Enamel hypoplasia is a common finding in toy breeds. d. Prognathism is considered a genetic defect in brachycephalic breeds.
Chronic impaction of incisor teeth with hair and debris often results in a chronic osteomyelitis.
When assessing and quantifying gingivitis, the modified Löe and Silness index is often used. According to this index, a gingival index 0 indicates: a. Clinically healthy gingiva b. Mild gingivitis with slight reddening and swelling of the gingival margins c. Moderate gingivitis, with gentle probing resulting in bleeding d. Severe gingivitis, in which there is spontaneous hemorrhage and/or ulceration of the gingival margin
Clinically healthy gingiva
Oligodontia is defined as: a. Congenital absence of many, but not all, teeth b. Total absence of teeth c. Absence of only a few teeth d. Difficult eating
Congenital absence of many, but not all, teeth
The pulp of the tooth has which of the following functions? a. Anchors the root to the alveolar bone with a fibrous ligament b. Provides the crown with a protective, hard surface c. Contains blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrition and sensation to the tooth d. Makes up the bulk of the tooth structure
Contains blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrition and sensation to the tooth
Pocket depth is measured from the: a. Cementoenamel junction to the bottom of the pocket b. Current free gingival margin to the bottom of the gingival sulcus c. Cementoenamel junction to the current free gingival margin and then adding 1-2 mm d. Cementoenamel junction to the apical extent of the defect
Current free gingival margin to the bottom of the gingival sulcus
A client would like to know what chew toy would be safest for her dog's teeth. You suggest that she is best to give "Fido" a: a. Dried cow hoof b. Nylon rope toy c. Dense rubber exerciser d. Large knucklebone
Dense rubber exerciser
As part of normal tooth development, what part of the tooth widens? a. Enamel b. Pulp c. Dentin d. Gingiva
Dentin
The periodontium includes the periodontal ligament and all of the following except: a. Gingiva b. Cementum c. Alveolar bone d. Enamel
Enamel
A dog exposed to distemper as a puppy may develop which of the following oral conditions? a. Anodontia b. Polydontia c. Enamel hypoplasia d. Enamel staining
Enamel hypoplasia
While performing a routine prophylactic dentistry, the veterinary technician notes a large, red raised lesion on the lip of her feline patient. The client noted that the lesion "comes and goes." What is a reasonable differential for this lesion? a. Feline resorptive lesion b. Trauma-related lesion c. Eosinophilic ulcer d. Tumor
Eosinophilic ulcer
What is the most common clinical sign of feline stomatitis? a. Fractured crowns and/or granulation tissue at the cementoenamel junction b. Thickening or bulging of the alveolar bone of the maxillary canine teeth c. Erythematous, ulcerative, proliferative lesions affecting the gingiva, glossopalatine arches, tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, and/or hard palate d. Granular, orange-colored ulcerations found on the upper lips adjacent to the philtrum
Erythematous, ulcerative, proliferative lesions affecting the gingiva, glossopalatine arches, tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, and/or hard palate
Another term for neck lesions often seen on feline teeth is: a. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma b. Stomatitis c. Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions d. Enamel fracture
Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions
Feline cervical line lesions/feline neck lesions/feline resorptive lesions are of great concern to veterinarians. Which of the following statements regarding these lesions is false? a. Feline resorptive lesions are aggressive dental caries that result in resorption of roots and subsequent tooth loss. b. Feline resorptive lesions often present with a raspberry seed-type sign at the base of the tooth where it meets the gingival margin. c. Feline resorptive lesions are effectively managed with steroid administration. d. It is common to find more than one feline cervical line lesion in the oral cavity.
Feline resorptive lesions are effectively managed with steroid administration.
The most common dental procedure performed on a horse is: a. Quidding b. Curettage c. Scaling d. Floating
Floating
The free or marginal gingiva: a. Occupies the space between the teeth b. Is the most apical portion of the gingiva c. Forms the gingival sulcus around the tooth d. Is tightly bound to the cementum
Forms the gingival sulcus around the tooth
In veterinary dentistry, chlorhexidine solutions are used because they: a. Prevent cementoenamel erosion b. Have antibacterial properties c. Remove enamel stains and whiten teeth d. Are used to treat gingival hyperplasia in brachycephalic breeds
Have antibacterial properties
When scaling gross calculus from the teeth, you should: a. Hold the scaler using a modified pen grasp b. Hold the scaler using a modified screwdriver grasp c. Use long controlled strokes toward the gums d. Hold the curette using a modified pen grasp
Hold the scaler using a modified pen grasp
When grading tooth mobility, which of the following grades corresponds to a Grade 2? a. No mobility b. Horizontal movement of <1 mm c. Horizontal movement >1 mm d. Vertical and horizontal movement
Horizontal movement >1 mm
The bisecting angle principle states that the plane of an x-ray beam should be 90 degrees to the: a. Long axis of the tooth b. Plane of the film c. Imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the tooth's long axis and the film plane d. Imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the animal's head and the film plane
Imaginary line that bisects the angle formed by the tooth's long axis and the film plane
Stomatitis is defined as: a. Bad breath, malodor b. Inflammation of the lip c. Resorption of hard dental tissues by odontoclasts d. Inflammation and infection of some or all of the tooth's supportive tissues
Inflammation and infection of some or all of the tooth's supportive tissues
Which of the following statements regarding enamel is true? a. Contains living tissue b. Covers the tooth crown and root c. Continues production by the ameloblasts after eruption d. Is relatively nonporous and impervious
Is relatively nonporous and impervious
A biopsy report confirms that an oral mass is an acanthomatous ameloblastoma or an acanthomatous epulis. Which of the following statements is true regarding this growth? a. It is a nonmalignant tumor. b. It is a malignant tumor. c. It is very likely to metastasize. d. It is related to the presence of a malocclusion.
It is a nonmalignant tumor.
When polishing teeth using an air-driven unit, at what speed should the hand piece be set? a. High speed b. Low speed c. Either high or low is acceptable d. Finishing speed
Low speed
The upper fourth premolar communicates with what sinus? a. Mandibular b. Occipital c. Maxillary d. Orbital
Maxillary
Which of the following teeth are not normally present in the adult cat? a. Maxillary P1 and Mandibular P1 and P2 b. P1 and P1 and 2P c. I2 and I1 d. PM3 and PM4
Maxillary P1 and Mandibular P1 and P2
Which teeth on each side of the dog's mouth have three roots? a. Maxillary: third and fourth premolars and first molar b. Maxillary: fourth premolars and first and second molars c. Mandibular: fourth premolars and first and second molars d. Mandibular and maxillary: fourth premolars and first and second molars
Maxillary: fourth premolars and first and second molars
When assessing and quantifying gingivitis, the modified Löe and Silness index is often referred to. According to this index, a gingival index 3 indicates: a. Clinically healthy gingiva b. Mild gingivitis with slight reddening and swelling of the gingival margins c. Moderate gingivitis, with gentle probing resulting in bleeding d. Severe gingivitis, in which there is spontaneous hemorrhage and/or ulceration of the gingival margin
Moderate gingivitis, with gentle probing resulting in bleeding
From birth to 9 months of age, what condition is not present in the oral cavity? a. Occurrence of oral masses b. Missing teeth c. Extra teeth d. Abnormal jaw length
Occurrence of oral masses
How does tracheal rupture occur in feline dental patients? a. Packing the pharyngeal area too tightly b. Using a cuffed endotracheal tube c. Overinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff d. Disconnecting the breathing circuit before turning the patient
Overinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff
The thin film covering a tooth that is composed of bacteria, saliva, and food particles is: a. Plaque b. Attrition c. Calculus d. Abrasion
Plaque
Which of the following statements is false with respect to polishing an animal's teeth following scaling? a. The polishing paste should be of medium or fine granularity. b. Polishing removes microscopic grooves left by the scaling process. c. The polishing instrument should be moved from tooth to tooth to prevent thermal damage to the pulp. d. Polishing is a means for removing stubborn plaque that occurs below the gumline
Polishing is a means for removing stubborn plaque that occurs below the gumline
A malocclusion in which the upper fourth premolar lies palatal to the first molars is known as: a. Posterior/caudal crossbite b. Base-narrow mandibular canines c. Wry mouth d. Rostral/anterior crossbite
Posterior/caudal crossbite
Malocclusions can lead to dental disease for all of the following reasons except: a. Soft-tissue trauma from teeth that are abnormally positioned b. Accelerated development of periodontal disease resulting from the lack of normal wear and the normal flushing of teeth with saliva c. Abnormal wear of teeth resulting from malposition leading to fracture and pulp exposure d. Presence of resorptive lesions leading to the destruction of teeth
Presence of resorptive lesions leading to the destruction of teeth
The nerves and blood vessels of a tooth are located in the: a. Sulcus b. Pulp cavity c. Marrow cavity d. Calculus
Pulp cavity
Sometimes a 0.12%-chlorhexidine solution is sprayed in the patient's mouth before beginning dental prophylaxis. What is the benefit of this activity? a. Sterilizes the patient's mouth before the procedure b. Reduces the bacterial load in the mouth to reduce exposure to the technician who performs the procedure c. Substitutes for prophylactic antibiotic therapy d. Provides topical anesthetic activity
Reduces the bacterial load in the mouth to reduce exposure to the technician who performs the procedure
Gingivoplasty is the: a. Addition of more gingiva to the site b. Binding of the loose teeth together to stabilize them during a healing process c. Removal of hyperplastic gingival tissue d. Removal of a portion of the tooth structure
Removal of hyperplastic gingival tissue
An older dog with dental disease is presented to the clinic with a draining tract below his right eye. What is the most likely cause? a. Right-sided maxillary carnassial tooth root abscess b. Left-sided maxillary carnassial tooth root abscess c. Right-sided mandibular carnassial tooth root abscess d. Maxillary incisor tooth root abscess
Right-sided maxillary carnassial tooth root abscess
Apical means "toward the _________." a. Root tip b. Crown c. Cheeks d. Tongue
Root tip
A malocclusion in which one or more of the upper incisor teeth are palatal to the lower incisors is known as: a. Posterior/caudal crossbite b. Base-narrow mandibular canines c. Wry mouth d. Rostral/anterior crossbite
Rostral/anterior crossbite
When performing a dental prophylaxis, minimal safety equipment includes: a. Gloves only b. Gloves and mask only c. Safety glasses only d. Safety glasses, mask, and gloves
Safety glasses, mask, and gloves
curette is used to: a. Check the tooth's surface for any irregularities b. Measure the depth of gingival recession c. Scale large amounts of calculus from the tooth supragingivally d. Scale calculus from the tooth surface subgingivally
Scale calculus from the tooth surface subgingivally
A hand scaler is used to: a. Check the tooth's root surface for any irregularities b. Measure the depth of gingival recession c. Scale large amounts of calculus from the tooth surface d. Scale calculus from the tooth surface located in the gingival sulcus
Scale large amounts of calculus from the tooth surface
To prep a patient for surgical tooth extraction, which of the following should occur? a. No prep is needed. It is best to extract, and then to clean the remaining teeth (this is a more efficient process, yielding a shorter anesthesia time). b. Rinse the mouth with chlorhexidine, then extract. c. Scale, polish, then extract. d. Scale, polish, rinse with chlorhexidine, then extract.
Scale, polish, rinse with chlorhexidine, then extract.
What stage of periodontal disease shows no change to the alveolar height but includes mild gingival inflammation? a. Stage I b. Stage II c. Stage III d. Stage IV
Stage I
All of the following are complications that may result from extraction except: a. Hemorrhage b. Jaw fracture c. Stomatitis d. Oronasal fistula
Stomatitis
What drug should not be given to pregnant dogs because it may cause discoloration of the puppies' teeth? a. Amoxicillin b. Tetracycline c. Chloramphenicol d. Penicillin
Tetracycline
Why would thermal bone injury be a complication of tooth extraction? a. The bur will overheat and damage the soft tissue and bone. b. Thermal injury is not a concern, as you are removing the tooth anyway. c. Tooth elevators cause excessive heat, which could injure the soft tissue around the tooth that is being extracted. d. Tooth extractors cause excessive heat, which could injure the remaining teeth.
The bur will overheat and damage the soft tissue and bone.
The bisecting angle technique is a method for radiographing the oral cavity. The description that adequately describes this technique is: a. The central radiation beam is directed perpendicular to the line that bisects the angle formed by the film and the long axis of the tooth. b. The central radiation beam is directed parallel to the line that bisects the angle formed by the film and the perpendicular axis of the tooth. c. The central radiation beam is directed perpendicular to the tooth root. d. The central radiation beam is directed perpendicular to the film or sensor.
The central radiation beam is directed perpendicular to the line that bisects the angle formed by the film and the long axis of the tooth
Which of the following statements is false regarding patient safety during dentistry? a. Thermal support should be provided to the patient during the dental procedure because hypothermia can result, especially in cats and smaller dogs. b. The endotracheal tube should be uncuffed so that the tube can be easily manipulated when performing dentistry. c. Large-breed dogs should be rolled with their legs under them to prevent a gastric dilatation and volvulus crisis. d. The patient must be monitored to ensure that fluids and debris from the dentistry do not gain access to the trachea.
The endotracheal tube should be uncuffed so that the tube can be easily manipulated when performing dentistry.
When grading furcation involvement, which of the following descriptions would be termed Grade 1? a. There is no furcation involvement. b. The furcation can be felt with the probe/explorer, but horizontal tissue destruction is <⅓ of the horizontal width. c. The furcation can be explored, but the probe cannot pass through it. d. The probe can be passed through the furcation from buccal to palatal/lingual.
The furcation can be felt with the probe/explorer, but horizontal tissue destruction is <⅓ of the horizontal width.
Which of the following statements about the eruption of permanent teeth is false? a. The permanent upper canines erupt mesial to the deciduous canines. b. The permanent lower canines erupt buccal to the deciduous canines. c. The permanent incisors erupt distal to the deciduous incisors. d. The permanent canine teeth erupt at 5 to 6 months of age in the dog.
The permanent lower canines erupt buccal to the deciduous canines.
Which statement concerning the polishing aspect of dental prophylaxis is the least accurate? a. A slow speed should be used. b. Adequate prophy paste is needed for lubrication and polishing. c. The polisher should remain on the tooth for as long as is needed to polish the tooth. d. If teeth are not polished, the rough enamel will promote bacterial plaque formation.
The polisher should remain on the tooth for as long as is needed to polish the tooth.
The crown of a tooth is defined as: a. The portion above the gumline and covered by enamel b. The most terminal portion of the root c. That portion below the gumline d. The layer of bony tissue that attaches to the alveolar bone
The portion above the gumline and covered by enamel
When grading furcation involvement, which of the following descriptions is termed Grade 3? a. No furcation involvement b. The furcation can be felt with the probe/explorer, but horizontal tissue destruction is <⅓ of the horizontal width. c. The furcation can be explored, but the probe cannot pass through it. d. The probe can be passed through the furcation from buccal to palatal/lingual.
The probe can be passed through the furcation from buccal to palatal/lingual
Which of the following statements is true about ultrasonic scaling? a. Ultrasonic scaling is the only method to clean a tooth surface fully. b. Ultrasonic scaling causes thermal damage to the tooth if the tip is kept on a tooth for <5 seconds. c. The ultrasonic scaler works by spraying the tooth with water to wash the tooth clean. d. The purpose of the water spray on an ultrasonic scaler is to cool the tip of the instrument and cool the tooth to prevent pulp damage.
The purpose of the water spray on an ultrasonic scaler is to cool the tip of the instrument and cool the tooth to prevent pulp damage.
The furcation is best described as: a. The area between the cementum and the enamel b. The space between two roots where they meet the crown c. The space between the root and the alveolar bone d. The space between two teeth
The space between two roots where they meet the crown
Dry socket is more likely to occur if: a. An increased blood supply to the area is ensured. b. Good surgical technique is practiced. c. A blood clot is allowed to form to encourage fibroblasts. d. The tooth socket is overirrigated so that no clot can form.
The tooth socket is overirrigated so that no clot can form.
Which of the following statements is false when performing an ultrasonic scaling during routine dental prophylaxis? a. The ultrasonic scaler should not be on the tooth for longer than 10-15 seconds at a time to prevent thermal damage to the pulp cavity. b. The ultrasonic scaler should be grasped like a pencil. c. The side of the instrument should be used against the tooth rather than the tip. d. The ultrasonic scaler can be used for supragingival scaling only
The ultrasonic scaler can be used for supragingival scaling only
You are looking at a dental radiograph and notice that the tooth is elongated. This happened because the beam was perpendicular to the: a. Film b. Tooth c. Bisecting angle d. Wrong tooth
Tooth
When the pulp cavity of a tooth is exposed, what is/are the appropriate procedure(s) that should be performed if the patient is an adult and the time of fracture is unknown? a. Tooth extraction or root canal therapy b. No procedure required c. Crown amputation with intentional root retention d. Prophylactic dentistry to reduce tartar and plaque buildup on the tooth
Tooth extraction or root canal therapy
The Triadan system is a: a. Tooth identification system designed to aid in dental charting b. Complete system that includes an ultrasonic scaler and polisher c. Method for performing radiographs of molars d. Complete home care dental system for use by clients
Tooth identification system designed to aid in dental charting
Which of the following is a complication that might develop if a curette is used improperly? a. Etched tooth enamel b. Torn epithelial attachment c. Overheated tooth d. Bitten technician
Torn epithelial attachment
You have an instrument in your hand that has two sharp sides: a rounded back and a rounded point. Which instrument are you holding? a. Sickle scaler b. Morse scaler c. Universal curette d. Sickle curette
Universal curette
Dental film should be placed in the mouth with the dimple facing: a. Up and pointing rostrally b. Up and pointing caudally c. Down and pointing rostrally d. Down and pointing caudally
Up and pointing rostrally
Which tooth has three roots? a. Upper canine b. Lower first premolar c. Lower first molar d. Upper fourth premolar
Upper fourth premolar
When using hand instruments to clean teeth, you should: a. Use a modified pen grasp with a back-and-forth scraping motion b. Use a modified pen grasp with overlapping pull strokes that are directed away from the gingival margin c. Use the sickle scaler for subgingival curettage d. Use a curette supragingivally
Use a modified pen grasp with overlapping pull strokes that are directed away from the gingival margin
Which of the following should be done to protect the pulp tissue of teeth from thermal damage during ultrasonic scaling? a. Use constant irrigation b. Change tips frequently c. Use slow rotational speed d. Use appropriate amounts of paste
Use constant irrigation
Between patients, it is best to maintain instruments in the following order: a. Use, sharpen, wash, and sterilize b. Use, wash, sterilize, and sharpen c. Use, wash, sharpen, and sterilize d. Wash, sterilize, use, and sharpen
Use, wash, sharpen, and sterilize
When grading tooth mobility, which of the following grades corresponds to a Grade 3? a. No mobility b. Horizontal movement <1 mm c. Horizontal movement >1 mm d. Vertical and horizontal movement
Vertical and horizontal movement
A malocclusion, where one side of the mandible or maxilla is disproportionate to its other side, is known as: a. Posterior/caudal crossbite b. Base-narrow mandibular canines c. Wry mouth d. Rostral/anterior crossbite
Wry mouth
The pulp canal of a tooth contains: a. Nerves b. Blood vessels c. Connective tissue and blood vessels d. Blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues
blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue
