american history, urban america guided reading activities 13-1 to 13-2

how well immigrants adjusted depended partly on how quickly they learned ... , and adapted to American. *(13-1)*

English; culture

the ... (2 words) in China caused such death and suffering that thousands of Chinese left for the United States. *(13-1)*

Taiping Rebellion

what organization was headed by William "Boss" Tweed? *(13-2)*

Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine in New York City

what did Jacob Riis accuse of causing poverty, corruption, and suffering? *(13-2)*

alcohol and/or saloons

what was a political machine? *(13-2)*

an informal political group that provided service in exchange for votes

what type of mass transit was first used in San Francisco? *(13-2)*

cable cars

many ... (2 words) also opposed immigration, arguing that immigrants would work for low wages or accept work as ... . *(13-1)*

labor unions; strikebreakers

many immigrants moved to avoid forced ... (2 words), which in some nations could last for many years. *(13-1)*

military service

what did most of the immigrants in the late 1800s lack? *(13-2)*

money and education

what had this number grown to by 1900? *(13-2)*

over 1,700

what was an example of outright fraud among party bosses? *(13-2)*

party bosses accepted bribes from contractors, who were supposed to compete fairly to win contracts

Jews living in Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire came to the United States to avoid ... (2 words). *(13-1)*

religious persecution

most immigrants booked passage in ... , the cheapest accommodations on a steamship. *(13-1)*

steerage

what were two benefits of political machines, according to their defenders? *(13-2)*

the machines provided necessary services and helped to assimilate the urban masses

what gave city landowners the incentive to grow upward rather than outward? *(13-2)*

the rising price of land

what threats were presented by city living, especially for the working poor? *(13-2)*

the risks of crime, violence, fire, disease, and pollution

what were the living conditions of the working class? *(13-2)*

they lived in dark and crowded multi-family apartments called tenements

what was the number of United States cities in 1840? *(13-2)*

131

in the mid-1800s, the population of China was approximately ... (2 words). *(13-1)*

430 million

in January 1910, California opens a barracks on ... (2 words) to accommodate Asian immigrants. *(13-1)*

Angel Island

in the late 1800s, anti-immigrant feelings were largely directed against ... , ... , and ... (2 words).

Asians; Jews; Eastern Europeans

some Native-born Americans feared the influx of ... into the mostly Protestant United States. *(13-1)*

Catholics

who contributed to the design of skyscrapers? *(13-2)*

Louis Sullivan

who was included in America's rising middle class? *(13-2)*

doctors, lawyers, engineers, managers, social workers, architects, and teachers

by the 1890s, more than half of all immigrants in the United States were from ... and ... Europe. *(13-1)*

eastern; southern

the Workingman's Party of California was organized to ... (3 words). *(13-1)*

fight Chinese immigration

what did cities have to offer that the rural areas did not? *(13-2)*

higher wages; bright lights; running water; modern plumbing; and attractions such as museums, libraries, and theaters

what happened to the murder rate between 1880 and 1900? *(13-2)*

it jumped from 25 murders per million people to more than 100 murders per million people