American National Government

The founders believed that the House of Representatives and the Senate should serve the same functions in the American political system.

False

The impeachment process is generally free from politics and partisanship.

False

Wisconsin governor Scott Walker was removed from office through the recall process.

False

Since many of the costs of the federal No Child Left Behind Act were shifted onto the states, Barbour and Wright would assert that this law was a(n) ______.

Unfunded mandate

Barbour and Wright claim that Native Americans' problems in American society have been exacerbated by ______.

Congress' abrogation of various treaty provisions.

The foremost method by which the legislature attempts to bring the bureaucracy to heel is through ______.

Congressional oversight

One place where the Supreme Court has changed its mind in recent years concerning the applicability of the right to privacy is in the case of whether ______.

Consensual sodomy is protected behavior.

A clear instance of a president engaging in the head-of-government role was when President Obama ______.

Endorsed Hillary Clinton for president.

Barbour and Wright assert that American colonial leaders maintained their dominance by ______.

Establishing restrictive voting laws based on race, religion, gender, and property ownership

Supreme Court justices are required to personally review every petition for a writ of certiorari that is filed with the institution.

False

The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) ended the controversy over abortion in American politics.

False

The civilian workforce of the federal government is massively unrepresentative of the United States as a whole.

False

The federal government has decided to stop subsidizing American farmers because it is a waste of taxpayer money.

False

The gap between Americans' ideologies is considerably wider than that experienced by citizens of other advanced industrialized countries.

False

The highest approval rating for Congress in the post-Watergate era was recorded shortly after President Barack Obama assumed office in 2009.

False

The original draft of the Constitution gave average citizens a great deal of influence on the everyday workings of the federal government.

False

The passage of the Sixteenth Amendment, which permitted the direct election of senators, represented an increase in the ability of Americans to influence their political system.

False

The supremacy clause appears in Article I of the Constitution.

False

The term ideology refers to the general national political orientation of a society.

False

Visitors to the United States and other nonpermanent residents have no rights or responsibilities while they are in the country.

False

Barbour and Wright imply that agricultural interest groups are ______.

Far more powerful in American politics than their tiny percentage of the workforce might imply.

Under the Articles of Confederation, many state legislatures adopted policies to help people badly hurt by the post-Revolutionary War economic troubles, including ______.

Farmers

The United States enjoys one of the highest voter turnout rates in the industrialized world.

Fasle

Which of the following statements about public opinion polling is true?

One must collect demographic data at the end of surveys to ascertain how representative they are.

In contrast to common-law tradition judges, civil-law tradition judges ______.

Take an active role in investigating cases and ask questions of witnesses.

Constitutional law can reference decisions made by both the Supreme Court and lower courts in the federal judiciary.

True

De facto discrimination is generally the result of tradition and habit.

True

From Barbour and Wright's point of view, it seems that Americans often forget that a lot of what we call "politics" is really about "bickering" between political parties.

True

Generally speaking, the Supreme Court has been quite skeptical of the federal government's claims that it must censor the Internet.

True

If the chief justice is in the majority on a particular case, it is up to him or her to assign who will write the majority opinion for the Court.

True

In the abstract, most Americans support free speech.

True

It is clear that Barbour and Wright believe that the Supreme Court should be viewed as a political institution even though most Americans do not share that sentiment.

True

Most PAC campaign spending goes to support incumbents of both parties.

True

Most evidence suggests that Americans sue each other more often than do citizens of other democratic countries do.

True

Most lobbyists know that influencing the bureaucracy is as important as influencing Congress because bureaucrats are the individuals who implement laws.

True

President George W. Bush was not the first president to use signing statements, although sometimes he did create a great deal of controversy when he employed them.

True

Several parts of the Bill of Rights and the original text of the Constitution protect the due process rights of criminal defendants.

True

Some of the earliest federal bureaucratic agencies included the Departments of the Treasury, State, and War (now Defense).

True

The American government's procedural guarantees are supposed to ensure that its operations treat and protect everyone equally.

True

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prevented legal immigration from China.

True

The Constitution requires that legislation must typically pass Congress in identical form before it can be considered by the president.

True

The National Security Council was deeply involved in the Iran-contra affair.

True

The Supreme Court has employed the Lemon test to issue both accommodationist and separationists decisions.

True

The Thirteenth Amendment prohibited individuals from owning slaves.

True

The idea of allocative representation is very closely related to pork barrel spending.

True

The major broadcast networks have, in recent decades, cut back on the amount of live coverage that they give to the major political party conventions.

True

The majority party in each house of Congress has more members in that chamber than does any other party.

True

Unions have become a weaker, but not insubstantial, force in American politics in recent decades.

True

Social conservatives tend to have a religious basis for their preferred social order.

True.

During his last several years in office, President Obama ______.

Turned to executive orders to accomplish policy goals that he could not push through Congress.

The DREAM Act was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010.

False

Conservatives are often cautious about social and economic changes.

True

The 1936 Literary Digest poll featured a representative sample.

False

How many states had ratified the Constitution at the time that it went into effect in April 1789?

11

Susan is on trial for burglary, and the prosecutor in that case compels her to testify during the proceedings even though she states that she does not want to participate. This action by the prosecutor is a clear violation of the ______ Amendment.

5TH

Members of the party base who are especially committed to the values and policies of their party and who devote large portions of their time and money to it are known as party ______.

Activists

Barbour and Wright imply that iron triangles are likely to endure because ______.

All parties to them benefit from their existence.

Given how many highways, post offices, and research institutes are funded through this activity, construction workers ought to be really interested in_____.

Allocative representation.

If one wanted to overemphasize the severity of some particular data trend, the best way to do that would be to _____.

Alter the baseline.

The organization that often informally guides presidents as they make federal judicial nominations is called the ______.

American Bar Association

Barbour and Wright contend that the civil rights movement in the United States faces an important problem in trying to achieve its goals because of how ______.

American political culture views equality.

Studies of political tolerance have demonstrated that ______.

Americans are often willing to silence opinions with which they disagree.

Which of the following is an example of a material selective incentive (benefit)?

An NPR coffee mug with its logo emblazoned on the side

At the Constitutional Convention, the founders set the minimum age to serve in the Senate at thirty, gave the senators six-year terms, and required that they be appointed by the state legislatures. These criteria reflect ______.

An attempt to isolate the Senate from direct popular influence.

Barbour and Wright imply that a true one-party democracy would be difficult to imagine because ______.

An important purpose of parties is to facilitate organized opposition to the party in charge.

An example of a referendum would be when state voters are asked whether they want to ______.

Approve a sales tax increase the legislature has passed.

In contrast to James Madison in Federalist No. 10, Barbour and Wright maintain that political parties ______.

Are essential to a healthy democracy.

Barbour and Wright imply that in terms of political ideology and tolerance most American voters ______.

Are not politically sophisticated

Given the difficulty that presidents and their political appointees can have in dealing with an entrenched bureaucracy, Barbour and Wright suggest that presidents and their political appointees ______.

Are often better off starting a new agency than getting an old one to adapt to new circumstances.

Opponents of issue advocacy advertisements criticize them because they ______.

Are thinly veiled campaign ads

The first constitution of the United States was called the ______.

Articles of Confederation.

Tobacco industry efforts to artificially generate letters to members of Congress in support of subsidies to their farmers would generally be thought of as ______.

Astroturf lobbying

Barbour and Wright argue that the continuing controversy over the use of affirmative action ______.

Cannot simply be distilled down to a question of racism.

An example of a policy proposal that clearly fits within the social order dimension would be one to ______.

Ban pornography on religious grounds.

All else being equal, the most politically tolerant individuals tend to ______.

Be highly educated

The most important ongoing role of the vice president is to ______.

Be there to take over if the president becomes incapacitated.

One problem that Barbour and Wright point out concerning regulatory bureaucrats is that they tend to ______.

Become captives of the interests they are supposed to police.

Barbour and Wright intimate that, to be successful, bureaucratic new hires should ______.

Become socialized into the bureaucratic culture quickly.

Most cases filed in the federal judicial system ______.

Begin and end at the district court level

Billy is interested in lowering the speed limit on a major road near his house. A citizens' group has formed to lobby the city council to take this step, but Billy decides not to join it because he knows he can benefit from the group's work if it is successful without contributing to its effort. In this instance, Billy is ______.

Behaving like a free rider

Using a term like mob rather than crowd in designing a poll question would be most likely to ______.

Bias the results of the survey

The failure of the 1936 Literary Digest poll was due to its ______.

Biased sample

Barbour and Wright contend at the end of Chapter 8 that the importance of the president's relationship with American citizens is most evident in their support of President ______.

Bill Clinton during his impeachment troubles.

According to Barbour and Wright's definition of sexual harassment, examples of this illegal behavior would clearly include a ______.

Boss promising a raise to a subordinate in exchange for sexual favors.

The use of the phrase "sanitation and refuse engineers" for garbage collectors would be an example of what Barbour and Wright would probably refer to as ______.

Bureaucratese

Barbour and Wright would contend that which of the following groups should find it easiest to band together to pursue common goals?

Business owners

Barbour and Wright imply that the extent of Americans' civil rights and civil liberties protections ______

Can change as the composition of the Supreme Court shifts.

Barbour and Wright imply that a president's style ______.

Can have important effects on his or her success in the position.

Senator Smith directing a staffer to track down a wayward Social Security check for a constituent is an instance of ______.

Casework

In cases concerning compulsory flag salute laws, the Supreme Court ______.

Changed its mind but eventually stated that no one can be forced to participate in flag ceremonies.

Which of the following presidential roles actually became less important in the era of the modern presidency?

Chief administrator

The person in the White House who is most likely to control the president's day-to-day schedule is the ______.

Chief of staff

An implication of the free exercise clause is that ______.

Citizens may choose not to participate in any religious activities.

Generally speaking, state lawmakers prefer block grants to other forms of federal funding because they ______.

Come with fewer conditions than categorical grants have.

Barbour and Wright maintain that the relationship between presidential popularity and success is ______.

Complex because members of the public judge presidents on different job criteria at different times.

Barbour and Wright imply that one major problem with the Tea Party's influence in recent American politics has been its rejection of the normal democratic practice of ______.

Compromise

Despite what the responsible party model states that they should be, American party platforms are often ______.

Compromises between competing factions within the same party.

Over the past several decades, reforms in the House of Representatives have tended to weaken the implications of the seniority system in favor of ______.

Concentrating power in favor of the Speaker of the House.

At the national level, the United States experimented with both ______ forms of power sharing in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolution.

Confederal and federal

John Locke's political philosophy served the interests of the founders well because it ______.

Contained theories of revolution and constitutional government

Barbour and Wright posit that modern polling techniques amount to a(n) ______.

Continuous "rolling election" of the president.

Parties are especially useful in the American political system because they can ______.

Coordinate activity across both branches and levels of government.

The authors of the Constitution left Article III vague and pushed decisions about the shape of the federal judiciary into a future Congress' lap because they ______.

Could not agree on the powers that federal courts should have.

A provision of the Privacy Act of 1974 ______.

Creates procedures by which errors in bureaucratic records may be fixed.

Barbour and Wright imply that one result of the fact that the national government has grown so large in recent decades is the ______.

Debate between liberals and conservatives over the proper role of the national government in solving America's political problems.

American political party organization can best be described as ______.

Decentralized

Many scholars have moved toward describing the relationship between the bureaucracy and Congress using the issue network rather than iron triangle concept because issue networks ______.

Describe the range of actors involved in this relationship more accurately.

In Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938) and Sweatt v. Painter (1950), the Supreme Court ______.

Determined that a segregated legal education was not constitutional.

Lawmaking and representation often conflict because of the ______.

Differences between the national and local interests.

Generally speaking, Americans ______.

Dislike Congress as an institution.

Barbour and Wright contend that laws in a democratic country should ______.

Distribute societal benefits, like civil rights protections, to its citizens

Unlike with African American men and the Fifteenth Amendment, the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment effectively ______.

Ended the struggle for women's suffrage.

An open seat refers to a ______.

District where the incumbent is not running.

From a modern perspective, a possible criticism of the New Jersey Plan was that it would have ______.

Done little to solve the problems engendered by the Articles of Confederation

When a group like Mothers Against Drunk Driving attempts to increase politicians' understanding of the problems related to impaired driving, the organization is engaging in ______.

Education

In 2001, the Supreme Court circumscribed the reach of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by determining that the ______.

Eleventh Amendment prevents state employees from suing their employers under the ADA.

Based on their discussion of the politics that led up to the Constitutional Convention, Barbour and Wright would likely hold the position that the American founders should probably be classified as ______ democrats.

Elitist

Which of the following statements about executive agreements and treaties is correct?

Executive agreements are more common than treaties because the former do not require Senate ratification.

When the Supreme Court first explicitly elucidated the right to privacy, the justice who wrote the primary opinion in that case claimed that the right to privacy ______.

Existed in the penumbras of several constitutional amendments.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were ______.

Extremely helpful in advancing the cause of equal rights for all Americans.

American political culture is primarily communal rather than individualistic.

False

Americans expect that their government will pay more attention to providing fair end results rather than fair processes

False

Americans pay more in taxes than do the citizens of most other advanced industrialized nations.

False

Barbour and Wright argue that the participatory model of democratic politics can best describe how individuals have defended their civil rights throughout American history.

False

Bureaucrats typically move between departments many times over the course of their careers.

False

Collectively, Americans seem to know less about politics than do individual Americans.

False

Congress' legislative powers are elucidated in Article II of the Constitution.

False

Due to the positions that they take on issues, party activists usually push the ideological positions that their party's candidates take toward the middle of the ideological spectrum.

False

Dwight Eisenhower is generally considered to be the first "modern" president.

False

Economic liberals see no value in diversity or individual moral agency

False

Generally speaking, citizen advisory councils possess an accurate and representative distillation of public opinion and knowledge about important bureaucratic issues.

False

Libertarians would generally agree with government regulations on the economy.

False

Over the past several decades, party identification has tended to become stronger and more widespread in American politics.

False

Barbour and Wright intimate that the rights given to blacks by the post-Civil War amendments did not really help blacks after Reconstruction because the ______.

Federal and southern state governments were reluctant to enforce them.

The two factions that emerged during the ratification struggle were the ______.

Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

A possible example of the impact of federalism on competition between American governments would be the ______.

Fight between St. Louis and Los Angeles over a particular professional football franchise.

Barbour and Wright opine that early American colonists came to the New World ______.

For a wide range of economic, religious, and political reasons

The mythical country of Erehwon is writing its new constitution and has decided to combine its legislative, executive, and judicial powers into one institution. This choice is a clear example of applying the principle of ______.

Fusion of powers.

Barbour and Wright indicate that, in recent presidential decisions about whom to nominate for vacant Supreme Court positions, ______.

Gender and ethnic representation has replaced religious denomination as a key criterion

Barbour and Wright assert that major polls in recent American presidential elections have been ______.

Generally accurate, with the glaring exception of the 2000 contest.

Barbour and Wright maintain that advocates for various minority groups have tried to obtain suspect status for members of those groups because it ______.

Gives them greater legal protections against discrimination.

Barbour and Wright argue that modern political parties have two fundamental activities, ______.

Governing and electioneering

Barbour and Wright state that the Postal Service, FDIC, and Amtrak are _____

Government corporations

According to the pluralists, politicians are most interested in dealing with ______.

Groups

One can infer from Barbour and Wright's discussion of the cabinet that, from the time of Washington's presidency to the present, the size of the cabinet has ______.

Grown considerably

Colonial property ownership voting qualifications were defended with the notion that property-holders ______.

Had the most at risk in elections and would thus take their vote more seriously.

Barbour and Wright opine, and a close reading of Federalist No. 10 would confirm, that cynicism about American political parties ______.

Has been a major feature of American politics since the founding.

The size of the House of Representatives ______.

Has been set at 435 members for many years.

In spite of the rancor generated by the Bush v. Gore (2000) decision, the Supreme Court ______.

Has the highest approval ratings of any federal institution

The federal government has been able to get states to do what it wants through the use of categorical grants (most of the time) because states ______.

Have become financially dependent on federal aid.

Given how Congress operates, most lobbyists likely consider personal (face-to-face) contact to be one of the most effective ways to lobby its members because lobbyists______.

Have the opportunity to immediately answer politicians' questions

Since the New Deal era, the ______ role of the president has become considerably more important.

Head-of-government.

Barbour and Wright maintain that advocates for independent agencies try hard to convert them into departments because members of the latter category have a ______.

Higher degree of status

Participatory democrats would be most likely to support the ______ model.

Ideal citizens

A scholar who tried to connect an increase in juvenile delinquency with a decline in playing board games in a country would probably be committing the statistical error of ______.

Implying causality where none existed.

Merit is an important criterion in Weber's model of bureaucracy because it should ______.

Improve the quality of bureaucratic output

Which of the following statistical manipulations is illustrated by the following statement: "The value of the stock market increases each time wider men's ties come into vogue"?

Inappropriately implying causality

One of Alexander Hamilton's contentions in Federalist No. 84 that was clearly rejected by his readers was his insistence that ______.

Including a bill of rights in the Constitution would be a bad idea.

Barbour and Wright opine that civil liberties are ______.

Individual freedoms protecting our right to think and act without government interference.

The majority of staff members in Congress work for____.

Individual members or committees

When Barbour and Wright emphasize that citizens of the United States tend to stress individualism over the group mentality (collectivism), the authors mean that Americans generally believe that ______

Individuals are responsible for their own successes.

A primary justification for choosing committee chairs by seniority is that ______.

Individuals develop greater expertise the longer they remain in Congress.

In terms of their relationship with Congress, presidents often use their State of the Union addresses to ______.

Influence the contents of the legislative agenda.

A major reason why the founders concocted the Electoral College as the means by which the United States would select its president was to ______.

Insulate the president from popular influence.

Given their experiences with Shays's Rebellion, it is logical to conclude that the founders created the Electoral College to ______.

Insulate the president from the masses.

Suzanne, a traditional first-year student at Erehwon University, starts a campus organization advocating for a lowered drinking age. She is clearly behaving here as a(n) ______.

Interest group entrepreneur

In contrast to how most people feel about the Bill of Rights today, in Federalist 84 Alexander Hamilton argues that this addition to the Constitution ______.

Is a bad idea.

The tradition of senatorial courtesy ______.

Is a norm that could be changed at any time

In their discussion of bureaucracy and democracy, Barbour and Wright conclude that bureaucracy ______.

Is needed to make democracy more efficient.

The line-item veto ______.

Is not available to the president.

Barbour and Wright would likely argue that many voters choose to remain rationally ignorant because ______.

It costs too much in terms of time and effort to keep up with politics.

In discussing the litigious nature of American society, Barbour and Wright imply that ______.

It is a reflection of American political culture.

Fragmentation in Congress' policymaking process implies that ______.

It is difficult for political leaders to coordinate their efforts

Many social scientists are concerned about American citizen disengagement from politics because ______.

It may erode and destroy the foundation of the country's democratic system.

Barbour and Wright imply that a decision that all constitution writers, including the ones at the Philadelphia Convention, must face concerning the executive is determining whether ______.

It should have one or multiple members

Based on what Barbour and Wright argue about the importance of money to interest groups, a chronic lack of financial resources almost certainly guarantees an interest group's failure because ______.

It would not be able to hire staff and professional assistance to help it accomplish its goals.

Barbour and Wright conclude that the founders' support for the freedom of religion was based on ______.

Keeping politics out of religion and the other way around.

Libertarians and social liberals are different because libertarians prefer minimal government involvement in maintaining a particular economic and social order, whereas social liberals would support a(n) ______.

Large degree of state intervention in both spheres.

The legal system of the United States is ______.

Largely a common-law system with a few elements of the civil-law tradition

Barbour and Wright maintain that the determination of where cases end up in the American judicial system is ______.

Largely a function of established statutory and constitutional law

Concerning the impact of the public in American national decision-making, Barbour and Wright imply that the founders wanted a system ______.

Legitimated by the public but also protected from its worst elements.

Members of which of the following four groups would advocate for the least amount of government intervention in the economy?

Libertarians.

By its very nature, a reasonable example of a collective good is a ______.

Lighthouse

The author of the Anti-Federalist Paper Brutus No. 15 and the writer of Federalist No. 78 would probably disagree most energetically about the ______.

Likely extent of the powers of the judiciary

A primary reason the founders created a bicameral legislature in the Constitution is that they wanted to ______.

Limit the power of the legislature and thus the national government.

An important consequence of the revolving door in American politics is that ______.

Lobbyists and politicians are frequently well-known to one another

According to Barbour and Wright, lobbyists provide important information to members of Congress and their staffs. As a result, a lobbyist who knowingly provided false information would likely ______.

Lose credibility in Congress and access to legislators

Traditionally, voter turnout has been ______.

Lower than average for Hispanics due to poverty and class issues.

One unambiguously positive outcome of the use of bureaucratese is that it can ______.

Make communication among bureaucrats more efficient

Although the purpose of the franking privilege is to pass on information to their constituents, one could imagine that members of Congress would be tempted to use it to ______.

Make themselves look better in preparation for reelection

Executive orders ______.

May be binding only during a particular president's time in office.

When comparing the House of Representatives and the Senate, which of the following statements is true?

Members of the Senate, but not the House, may filibuster legislation they do not like.

Elitists might argue that because political tolerance tends to increase with education level, ______.

Members of the elite should be charged with protecting democracy.

When Congress wants to address at the state level a policy issue that has national implications, its major tools are ______.

Money and authority.

Many critical observers of the American justice system, including Barbour and Wright, would argue that ______.

Money plays a large role in determining a defendant's likelihood of being convicted for a crime

The impact of mass communication methods on campaigns has been to make them ______.

More cash-intensive rather than labor-intensive.

Barbour and Wright conclude that the story of the American founding is ______.

More complex than most textbooks would have their readers believe.

A purported advantage of a unicameral legislature over a bicameral one is that the former is ______.

More responsive to the public

In recent decades, the Democratic Party has become more liberal and the Republican Party more conservative. This fact can best be attributed to the ______.

Movement of conservative Southern Democrats to the Republican Party

The Supreme Court has historically had a difficult time defining obscenity because ______.

Much subjectivity exists on this question.

To institute a policy that treats citizens and noncitizens differently, the government ______.

Must demonstrate a compelling state interest in taking this action.

Your textbook authors indicate that in recent years American women's abortion rights have ______.

Narrowed somewhat, even if the procedure remains legal.

At the top tier of each party's organization lies the ______.

National committee

Barbour and Wright maintain that, when it comes to presidential popularity, ______.

Newsworthy events might help or hurt a president's standing with the public.

Given the fractional rather than planned nature of the construction of the American federal bureaucracy, one could have predicted that it would ______.

Not become a rationalized, streamlined entity

After comparing the obligations that Americans have to their system of government with what some other democratic citizens must endure, Barbour and Wright conclude that Americans' obligations are ______.

Not particularly burdensome.

In discussing the duties that go along with citizenship, the authors of your textbook maintain that with rights should come the ______.

Obligation to support them.

A major reason why it was easier to ratify the Constitution than it was the Articles of Confederation is that ______.

Only three-quarters of the states had to approve of the Constitution before it went into effect, whereas unanimous consent was required for the Articles.

Pluralists would likely argue that the most important role of interest groups is ______.

Participation

Public opinion polls are generally considered to be most useful to ______ democratic theory.

Participatory

Barbour and Wright imply that the paucity of Asian immigration to the United States during the first half of the twentieth century was due to the ______.

Passage of discriminatory laws forbidding the immigration of people from Japan and China.

The two-step flow of information ______.

Permits the public to appear collectively rational even when it is individually ignorant.

A critical advantage of a bicameral legislature is that it ______.

Permits the representation of different groups in the legislative process.

A major difference between civil liberties and civil rights is that civil liberties ______.

Place restrictions on the government whereas civil rights are secured by the government.

Barbour and Wright imply that most early British colonies in North America were ______.

Places that perpetuated many of the injustices that colonists had hoped to flee.

Divided government and incremental realignment are both characteristics of ______.

The sixth party era

Barbour and Wright contend that even though the founders tried hard to insulate the federal judiciary from politics and many Americans don't like to think of the Supreme Court as a political body, it is clear that the Supreme Court is a political actor due to the ______.

Political effects of its decisions

The apolitical and self-interested view of citizenship claims that average voters are ______.

Politically intolerant and poorly informed.

During Chief Justice John Marshall's tenure, the ______.

Power of the Supreme Court was vastly increased.

Barbour and Wright imply that despite the increased powers of the modern executive branch, the most important limit on presidents that remains is the ______.

Presidents' inability to ensure that they can get their proposals through Congress.

In the landmark Near v. Minnesota (1931) case, the Supreme Court incorporated part of the First Amendment to the states and established that ______.

Prior restraint is permissible only in extreme cases.

The rights of all Americans to travel freely, conduct business, and have access to state courts while visiting other states are examples of ______.

Privileges and immunities.

American political culture tends to emphasize ______.

Procedural equality over substantive equality

An example of the black codes in action would be a southern state's post-Civil War law ______.

Prohibiting freed slaves from owning land.

The exclusionary rule ______.

Prohibits illegally seized evidence from being used in court.

Although governments can generally use coercion to compel their populaces to do what they might not otherwise want to do, Barbour and Wright imply that in democracies ______.

Public opinion and the need for politicians to be reelected generally reduce state violations of rights.

In 1921, when Lynn Frazier was removed by voters from the North Dakota governor's office before his term had expired, he was the first governor to fall victim to a successful ______.

Recall election

Congress can influence what states do through all of the following actions EXCEPT this one:

Reducing a state's representation in the Senate.

One of the implications of increased party polarization in Congress has been the ______.

Relative absence of moderate members of either party in the legislature.

The authors of your textbook infer that it may often seem like the ethos of bureaucracy and democracy are in conflict because bureaucracy ______.

Relies on expertise but democracy is based on popular sovereignty.

The authors of your textbook would profess that President Barack Obama's approval ratings ______.

Remained around fifty percent for most of his presidency.

When Americans discuss the word democracy, they generally mean ______.

Representative democracy rather than Athenian democracy

If Americans really disliked pork barrel spending (earmarks) as much as they state in surveys that they do, they would need to pressure their representatives to get rid of it by ______.

Rewarding their members of Congress for lawmaking rather than representation.

When it comes to Americans' trust in their government, Barbour and Wright state that many of them ______.

Routinely do not trust the government to tackle legitimate problems.

Elitist democrats would aver that, in contrast to what the responsible party model states should happen, American political candidates ______.

Run and finance their own campaigns

In concluding their discussion of rights and obligations in American politics, Barbour and Wright imply that most Americans ______.

Satisfy their obligations to their society and government most of the time.

A major advantage of the patronage system for machine politicians is that it ______.

Secures a small army of campaign workers for them

A measure of public opinion on a current events web site like foxnews.com that asks users to record their views on a particular policy issue is an example of a(n) ______ poll.

Self-selection

Just as pluralists would predict, parties are important in democracies because they ______.

Serve as linkage institutions between citizens and their government.

One of the lesser publicized outcomes of the Civil War was that it ______.

Settled the question of whether the states retained full sovereignty under the Constitution.

Barbour and Wright aver that it is important for pollsters to ask respondents questions they can answer (or give them a "don't know" option). One likely consequence of not taking this step is that survey participants might ______.

Skew the survey's results by answering based on contextual cues.

Members of the Tea Party would be most likely to identify as ______.

Social Conservatives

Starting in the 1960s, a group that abandoned the New Deal coalition for the Republican Party were ______.

Southern Democrats

Just as with members of congressional committees, bureaucrats gain power by ______.

Specializing in particular policy areas

Should the leadership of the Faux Corporation realize that it has no African Americans in executive positions and want to remedy that lack of racial diversity, it may wish to ______.

Start an affirmative action program.

Most historians would argue that the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention ______.

Started the women's rights movement.

The cooperative federalism model of American intergovernmental power distribution implies that the ______.

State and federal governments share responsibility for policy implementation.

An implication of Barbour and Wright's discussion of the forces that drive apart and push together American political parties ideologically is that ______.

Statewide candidates will probably be more moderate than candidates in smaller districts.

Barbour and Wright describe the impact of the Revolutionary War on women as a(n) ______.

Step backward for securing their rights

Unscientific polls that are often conducted by newspapers and politicians to see which way the political winds are blowing are generally called ______ polls.

Straw

Given their desire to ameliorate the negative effects of modern social changes and technological progress on vulnerable individuals, social liberals would probably be in favor of ______.

Strong environmental protections.

An example of an incident that would probably be illegal under Title IX would be a(n) ______.

Student being prevented from taking a chemistry class because of her gender.

Barbour and Wright indicate that Reconstruction ______.

Temporarily afforded most blacks protections of their political rights.

The most likely cause of sample bias in opinion polls today is ______.

That more potential respondents decline to participate.

Barbour and Wright indicate that affirmative action programs have been extremely controversial in American politics and culture because of ______.

The American commitment to procedural over substantive values.

Barbour and Wright use the example of Lincoln's promulgation of the Emancipation Proclamation to support their contention that ______.

The Civil War was not just a moral crusade against slavery.

Which of the following statements correctly summarizes some differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate?

The Senate has higher age and citizenship requirements than the House.

Bureaucratic adjudications have the full force of law.

True

Barbour and Wright imply that in disputes between political bureaucratic appointees and career civil servants, ______.

The civil servants have time on their side, although the appointees have the advantage of their position.

In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court ruled that ______.

The death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment.

A reasonable inference from Barbour and Wright's discussion of the role of the president's spouse in American politics is that ______.

The expectations of this job have shifted as Americans' construction of gender relations has changed

Barbour and Wright imply that, over the past few centuries, ______.

The federal bureaucracy has grown and evolved to meet the country's changing needs.

Elitists would make the case that ______.

The interest group system is biased toward causes favored by the wealthy.

Some pluralists would posit that voter nonparticipation is not as great of a problem as it might seem because ______

The interests of voters are properly represented by their group memberships.

Since party activists are more likely to participate in primaries than the average party identifier, ______.

The likely winner of most Democratic primaries will be more liberal than the average voter.

Barbour and Wright imply that voters obtain the most information about political parties' contending platforms from ______.

The media

High-powered lobbying groups would probably take advantage of ______ to ensure that they maintain an elevated level of access to Congress.

The revolving door

Given what the Constitution outlines concerning the vice president's job, it should not be a surprise that many Anti-Federalists contended that the vice president would become a threat to the health of the Republic because ______.

The vice president has so few responsibilities that he will turn to political mischief.

When discussing the impact that public opinion has on the politics of democratic systems, Barbour and Wright aver that ______.

There are good normative and empirical reasons for believing that public opinion affects politics.

Social protest tactics are frequently used by interest groups when ______.

They have more members than money

Barbour and Wright recommend that voters cast straight-ticket ballots because ______.

They make it easier to hold parties accountable for their behavior in office.

Congress has been reluctant to use block grants to achieve policy goals because ______.

They might allow states to do what they want rather than what Congress wants.

Communitarians advocate a strong governmental role in both maintaining a particular social order and managing the economy.

True

Barbour and Wright would likely argue that recent Republican and Democratic presidents have ______.

Tried to increase gender and ethnic diversity on the federal bench

A gendered wage gap continues to exist in the United States today.

True

A great deal of controversy frequently exists over what a political culture's values entail.

True

All presidents can encounter problems dealing with the contradictions and conflicts inherent in fulfilling their head-of-state and head-of-government roles.

True

American immigration policy expects immigrants to be skilled and financially stable so that they do not become a burden on the American social services system.

True

American political parties have become more ideologically distinct in recent decades.

True

Americans' civil rights are guaranteed by the voting and citizenship rights amendments.

True

At its core, the Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) case involved federal power over interstate commerce.

True

Barbour and Wright argue that obligations accompany rights.

True

An example of a country that possesses a bicameral legislature is ______.

U.S.

An example of a country with a unitary system of power distribution is ______.

UK

An example of a policy that an economic liberal would most likely support is ______.

Unemployment insurance.

Nebraska's state legislature has a single chamber, making it an example of a(n) ______ legislature.

Unicameral

The authors of your textbook consider the Departments of State, Defense, and Treasury to be ______.

Units associated with the most important functions of government.

One potential complaint about the Constitutional Convention might be that its delegates were ______.

Unrepresentative of the country whose constitution they were composing.

Bureaucratic offices try to offer unique services to their clientele groups because they ______.

Want to survive by having a monopoly on those particular services.

Barbour and Wright conclude that, as president, George W. Bush ______.

Was effective in the job only in the few years after the September 11 attacks.

Barbour and Wright indicate that slavery in the American colonies ______.

Was in no small part based on racism

A challenge to the notion that Congress is a representative body is the fact that most members of Congress are ______ than the average American.

Wealthier

The fact that the word slavery does not appear in the original version of the Constitution probably indicates that the authors of that document ______.

Were aware of the controversial nature of the subject and wanted to elide past it, if possible

Over the course of its existence, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court have been ______.

White male Christians

A member of the House of Representatives who wanted to maximize her power within the institution would be well-advised to seek a seat on ______.

the Rules Committee