American National Government We The People Final Review
The fact that survey respondents overreport voting in elections and the frequency of their church attendance is an example of
the social desirability effect
The constitutional idea of states' rights was strongest during which historical period
the years immediately preceding the civil war
Pollsters use random digit dialing to gather national samples for surveys because
there is not a complete list of all Americans that can be used to identify the population
Women were guaranteed the right to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, which was ratified in
1920
Almost 40 percent of all federal criminal statuses passed after the Civil War were enacted between
1970-1998
The United States has approximately _______ television stations and ______ daily newspapers
2,000; 1,400
Statement that best describes American federalism since the 1930s
Although the federal government has grown significantly more powerful since the 1930s, the basic framework of American federalism has not been altered and state governments remain important
The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Native American tribes is found in _______ of the U.S. Constitution
Article I
in 1996, ______ carried a copy of the Tenth Amendment in his pocket as he campaigned for the presidency
Bob Dole
The issue of representation, which threatened to cause the Philadelphia Convention to fail, was resolved by the
Connecticut Compromise
Which of the following is true about the Annapolis Convention?
Delegates from the five states attended
Which of the following statements about federalism in America is true?
Each generation of Americans has a different view of federalism
Statement about freedom of speech that are true
Free speech can be regulated by government officials
Who was NOT appointed to help draft the declaration of Independence?
George Washington
______ occurs when electoral districts are drawn so that one group pr party is unfairly advantaged
Gerrymandering
A definitive role for the states in the American federal republic was preserved by the _______ Amendment
Tenth
What is the standard for determining guilt in criminal cases
Guilt must be proven "beyond reasonable doubt"
_______ is a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention
Habeas corpus
Many Americans blamed ______ for their plights during the Great Depression
Hebert Hoover
Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable philosophical statement for its time?
It asserted that there were "unalienable rights" that could not be abridged by governments
FALSE statement about the civil rights act of 1964
It was a fairly weak law compared to earlier legislation on civil rights
Who were the writers of the federalist papers
James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton
which of the following statements is true with regard to Latino Americans?
Latino Americans are less likely than African Americans to perceive that America is a racist society
Whose "political gospel" inspired the framers to adopt the concept of the separation of powers?
Montesquieu
Using block grants to return power to the states was part of ______ during the Nixon
New Federalism
What best explains the increased attention the federal government paid to the problem of racial discrimination during the 1940s?
Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength
_____ is most closely associated with the idea that the First Amendment protects the "marketplace of ideas"
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Statement about the forces that shape public opinion that is NOT true is
Presidents rarely attempt to influence public support for the policies they are promoting
_______ occurs when government officials block the publication of material they do not want released
Prior restraints
A woman's constitutional right to an abortion was established in
Roe v. Wade 1973
_______ ushered in the tax revolt and the deregulation of many government policies in the 1980s
Ronald Reagan
Who orchestrated the Boston Tea Party
Samuel Adams
Statement about federal grants-in-aid is FALSE
Spending on federal grants-in-aid has decreased dramatically since 1970
The events that led to the revolutionary War were triggered by which of the following?
The British raised revenue by increasing the tax rate of the colonies
Which event was most influential in the rise of a more active national government
The Great Depression
After World War II, which government institution first began drawing attention to the problem of racism in America?
The White House
Why did President Dwight Eisenhower deploy federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?
The governor of Arkansas mobilized the Arkansas National Guard to block the enforcement of a federal court order to integrate Little Rock Central High School
Under what conditions can a plaintiff successfully bring a sexual harassment charge?
The plaintiff does not need to prove either economic or psychological harm
Statement about political opinions that is FALSE
The poor are generally less supportive of economic and social programs than the wealthy
What is one of the main differences between those who have gone to college and those who have not
There is a higher level of political participation among those with a college education
What was one of the biggest problems with federal block grants?
There is a need for greater accountability in how the funds are actually spent by the states
In 1948, election night polls showed that ______ would win the Presidential election
Thomas Dewey
During the late 1940s and 1950s, ______ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund
Thurgood Marshall
Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on
University athletic programs
Procedures outlining how to amend the Constitution are found in Article
V
______ has released thousands of secret government documents
WikiLeaks
A political ideology is best defined as
a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government
The essential dilemma of a limited government raised by the ratification debates is
a government too weak to do harm also cannot do good
What is a grand jury
a jury that determines whether there is enough evidence to justify a trial
Montesquieu called ______ the principle of giving each branch of government its own constituency.
a mixed regime
When George W. Bush supporters called conservative white voters during the 2000 South Carolina Republican primary to ask if they would be more or less likely to vote for John McCain if they knew that he had fathered an illegitimate black child, it was an example of
a push poll
The power of the media to draw public attention to particular issues and problems is called
agenda setting
The supremacy clause
announces that the Constitution and all laws made under it are superior to any state laws
Which of the following would NOT be an example of speech plus
assassinating a political leader
The most important selection bias in news is the
audience appeal of a story
The Anti federalists argues that the powers of government should be limited by
both confining the powers of the federal government to certain narrowly defined areas and adding a bill of rights to the constitution
One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was
busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones
The Religious Freedom Restoration Act, passed by Congress in 1993, was an attempt to
give more protection to religious freedoms than the supreme court allowed
The first and most famous test for determining when the government could intervene to suppress political speech was called the ______
clear and present danger test
The supreme court justices determined that the Affordable Care Act was
constitutional under Congress's power to tax
The term gender gap refers to
differences in political opinions between men and women
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) was significant
endorsed the free exercise of religion even when it was offensive to the beliefs of the majority
One argument for a strong federal government is its role in ensuring _______ across states
equality
The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
established the separate but equal rule
The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers
expressed
The ______ of the first amendment protects an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses
free exercise clause
Compared with the Articles of Confederation, federalism under the constitution has led to
greater centralization of power
Near v. Minnesota (1931) and Wolf v. Colorado (1949) were significant because
incorporated provisions of the Bill of Rights through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
In 2012 presidential election
latino support for Mitt Romney was over estimated
Which of the following terms describe America's fundamental political values?
liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy
According to the authors of the text, the writing of the constitution demonstrates the
marriage of interests and principles
An area NOT covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1964
military service
Research into public opinion and public policy has shown that
more affluent and more educated citizens have a disproportionate influence over politics and public policy
In public opinion surveys, a sample of the total population
must be representative in that the views of those in the sample must accurately and proportionately reflect the views of those in the sample must accurately and proportionately reflect the views of the whole population
Some constitutional powers of the president
officially recognize other nations, grant pardons, veto bills
Near v. Minnesota (1931) established the principle that
only under the most extraordinary circumstances should the government prevent the publication of newspapers and magazines
California Proposition 209 was designed to
outlaw all affirmative action programs in state and local government
A state government's authority to regulate the safety, health, and morals of its citizens is called _____ power
police
Liberalism and conservatism are good examples of
political ideologies
Right NOT found in the original, unamended Constitution
prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment
The decision to give the national government control over commerce and finance was motivated primarily by the framers' desire to
promote economic development and protect property from radical state legislatures
Economic policies that attempt to benefit the poor by taxing and spending are refereed to as
redistributive programs
All of the following are constitutional powers of the president EXCEPT the power to
regulate commerce between states
Which rights do not fall under constitutional arguments in favor of the right to privacy
right to use pornography
Desegregating schools in northern states proved to be difficult because
segregation in the North was generally de facto, the product of both segregated housing and acts of private discrimination that were hard to prove
In Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court justices articulated the principle that
spending by or on behalf of a candidate for office is protected speech
Under the traditional system of American federalism, most of the fundamental governing in the U.S. was done by _______
state governments
The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires
states to honor each other's public acts and legal decisions
The supreme court justices do not give full protection to fighting words because
such words are not part of the essential exposition of ideas
The rights of disabled individuals to both access public businesses and not be discriminated against in employment are guaranteed by
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
What led British officials to raise taxes on the American Colonists during the 1760s?
the amount of time spent on the French and Indian wars
If a person supports a candidate because she or he is the front-runner in a poll, this is an example of
the bandwagon effect
Mendez v. Westminster (1947) was significant because
the decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education
The social desirability effect refers to
the fact that respondents report what they think the interviewer wishes to hear or whatever they think is socially acceptable rather than what they actually believe or know to be true
Only one-third of the senate is up for re-election during any single election year because the framers believed that
this was the only way to protect the Senate against radical changes
During the era of dual federalism, what was the primary goal of the federal government's domestic policies?
to assist the development of commercial activity between and among the states
What was the purpose of the Annapolis Convention?
to discuss revamping the articles of confederation
A ______ vote by both houses of congress and a ratification vote of _____ of the states are required to amend the U.S. Constitution
two-thirds; three-fourths
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. (2007) was significant because it
ultimately led congress to pass a new law giving workers expanded rights to sue in cases where they learn of discriminatory treatment well after it has started
Since 1973, the right to an abortion has been
upheld but narrowed in scope
