American National Government We The People Final Review

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The fact that survey respondents overreport voting in elections and the frequency of their church attendance is an example of

the social desirability effect

The constitutional idea of states' rights was strongest during which historical period

the years immediately preceding the civil war

Pollsters use random digit dialing to gather national samples for surveys because

there is not a complete list of all Americans that can be used to identify the population

Women were guaranteed the right to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, which was ratified in

1920

Almost 40 percent of all federal criminal statuses passed after the Civil War were enacted between

1970-1998

The United States has approximately _______ television stations and ______ daily newspapers

2,000; 1,400

Statement that best describes American federalism since the 1930s

Although the federal government has grown significantly more powerful since the 1930s, the basic framework of American federalism has not been altered and state governments remain important

The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Native American tribes is found in _______ of the U.S. Constitution

Article I

in 1996, ______ carried a copy of the Tenth Amendment in his pocket as he campaigned for the presidency

Bob Dole

The issue of representation, which threatened to cause the Philadelphia Convention to fail, was resolved by the

Connecticut Compromise

Which of the following is true about the Annapolis Convention?

Delegates from the five states attended

Which of the following statements about federalism in America is true?

Each generation of Americans has a different view of federalism

Statement about freedom of speech that are true

Free speech can be regulated by government officials

Who was NOT appointed to help draft the declaration of Independence?

George Washington

______ occurs when electoral districts are drawn so that one group pr party is unfairly advantaged

Gerrymandering

A definitive role for the states in the American federal republic was preserved by the _______ Amendment

Tenth

What is the standard for determining guilt in criminal cases

Guilt must be proven "beyond reasonable doubt"

_______ is a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention

Habeas corpus

Many Americans blamed ______ for their plights during the Great Depression

Hebert Hoover

Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable philosophical statement for its time?

It asserted that there were "unalienable rights" that could not be abridged by governments

FALSE statement about the civil rights act of 1964

It was a fairly weak law compared to earlier legislation on civil rights

Who were the writers of the federalist papers

James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton

which of the following statements is true with regard to Latino Americans?

Latino Americans are less likely than African Americans to perceive that America is a racist society

Whose "political gospel" inspired the framers to adopt the concept of the separation of powers?

Montesquieu

Using block grants to return power to the states was part of ______ during the Nixon

New Federalism

What best explains the increased attention the federal government paid to the problem of racial discrimination during the 1940s?

Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength

_____ is most closely associated with the idea that the First Amendment protects the "marketplace of ideas"

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Statement about the forces that shape public opinion that is NOT true is

Presidents rarely attempt to influence public support for the policies they are promoting

_______ occurs when government officials block the publication of material they do not want released

Prior restraints

A woman's constitutional right to an abortion was established in

Roe v. Wade 1973

_______ ushered in the tax revolt and the deregulation of many government policies in the 1980s

Ronald Reagan

Who orchestrated the Boston Tea Party

Samuel Adams

Statement about federal grants-in-aid is FALSE

Spending on federal grants-in-aid has decreased dramatically since 1970

The events that led to the revolutionary War were triggered by which of the following?

The British raised revenue by increasing the tax rate of the colonies

Which event was most influential in the rise of a more active national government

The Great Depression

After World War II, which government institution first began drawing attention to the problem of racism in America?

The White House

Why did President Dwight Eisenhower deploy federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?

The governor of Arkansas mobilized the Arkansas National Guard to block the enforcement of a federal court order to integrate Little Rock Central High School

Under what conditions can a plaintiff successfully bring a sexual harassment charge?

The plaintiff does not need to prove either economic or psychological harm

Statement about political opinions that is FALSE

The poor are generally less supportive of economic and social programs than the wealthy

What is one of the main differences between those who have gone to college and those who have not

There is a higher level of political participation among those with a college education

What was one of the biggest problems with federal block grants?

There is a need for greater accountability in how the funds are actually spent by the states

In 1948, election night polls showed that ______ would win the Presidential election

Thomas Dewey

During the late 1940s and 1950s, ______ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund

Thurgood Marshall

Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on

University athletic programs

Procedures outlining how to amend the Constitution are found in Article

V

______ has released thousands of secret government documents

WikiLeaks

A political ideology is best defined as

a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government

The essential dilemma of a limited government raised by the ratification debates is

a government too weak to do harm also cannot do good

What is a grand jury

a jury that determines whether there is enough evidence to justify a trial

Montesquieu called ______ the principle of giving each branch of government its own constituency.

a mixed regime

When George W. Bush supporters called conservative white voters during the 2000 South Carolina Republican primary to ask if they would be more or less likely to vote for John McCain if they knew that he had fathered an illegitimate black child, it was an example of

a push poll

The power of the media to draw public attention to particular issues and problems is called

agenda setting

The supremacy clause

announces that the Constitution and all laws made under it are superior to any state laws

Which of the following would NOT be an example of speech plus

assassinating a political leader

The most important selection bias in news is the

audience appeal of a story

The Anti federalists argues that the powers of government should be limited by

both confining the powers of the federal government to certain narrowly defined areas and adding a bill of rights to the constitution

One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was

busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones

The Religious Freedom Restoration Act, passed by Congress in 1993, was an attempt to

give more protection to religious freedoms than the supreme court allowed

The first and most famous test for determining when the government could intervene to suppress political speech was called the ______

clear and present danger test

The supreme court justices determined that the Affordable Care Act was

constitutional under Congress's power to tax

The term gender gap refers to

differences in political opinions between men and women

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) was significant

endorsed the free exercise of religion even when it was offensive to the beliefs of the majority

One argument for a strong federal government is its role in ensuring _______ across states

equality

The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

established the separate but equal rule

The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers

expressed

The ______ of the first amendment protects an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses

free exercise clause

Compared with the Articles of Confederation, federalism under the constitution has led to

greater centralization of power

Near v. Minnesota (1931) and Wolf v. Colorado (1949) were significant because

incorporated provisions of the Bill of Rights through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

In 2012 presidential election

latino support for Mitt Romney was over estimated

Which of the following terms describe America's fundamental political values?

liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy

According to the authors of the text, the writing of the constitution demonstrates the

marriage of interests and principles

An area NOT covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1964

military service

Research into public opinion and public policy has shown that

more affluent and more educated citizens have a disproportionate influence over politics and public policy

In public opinion surveys, a sample of the total population

must be representative in that the views of those in the sample must accurately and proportionately reflect the views of those in the sample must accurately and proportionately reflect the views of the whole population

Some constitutional powers of the president

officially recognize other nations, grant pardons, veto bills

Near v. Minnesota (1931) established the principle that

only under the most extraordinary circumstances should the government prevent the publication of newspapers and magazines

California Proposition 209 was designed to

outlaw all affirmative action programs in state and local government

A state government's authority to regulate the safety, health, and morals of its citizens is called _____ power

police

Liberalism and conservatism are good examples of

political ideologies

Right NOT found in the original, unamended Constitution

prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment

The decision to give the national government control over commerce and finance was motivated primarily by the framers' desire to

promote economic development and protect property from radical state legislatures

Economic policies that attempt to benefit the poor by taxing and spending are refereed to as

redistributive programs

All of the following are constitutional powers of the president EXCEPT the power to

regulate commerce between states

Which rights do not fall under constitutional arguments in favor of the right to privacy

right to use pornography

Desegregating schools in northern states proved to be difficult because

segregation in the North was generally de facto, the product of both segregated housing and acts of private discrimination that were hard to prove

In Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court justices articulated the principle that

spending by or on behalf of a candidate for office is protected speech

Under the traditional system of American federalism, most of the fundamental governing in the U.S. was done by _______

state governments

The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires

states to honor each other's public acts and legal decisions

The supreme court justices do not give full protection to fighting words because

such words are not part of the essential exposition of ideas

The rights of disabled individuals to both access public businesses and not be discriminated against in employment are guaranteed by

the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

What led British officials to raise taxes on the American Colonists during the 1760s?

the amount of time spent on the French and Indian wars

If a person supports a candidate because she or he is the front-runner in a poll, this is an example of

the bandwagon effect

Mendez v. Westminster (1947) was significant because

the decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education

The social desirability effect refers to

the fact that respondents report what they think the interviewer wishes to hear or whatever they think is socially acceptable rather than what they actually believe or know to be true

Only one-third of the senate is up for re-election during any single election year because the framers believed that

this was the only way to protect the Senate against radical changes

During the era of dual federalism, what was the primary goal of the federal government's domestic policies?

to assist the development of commercial activity between and among the states

What was the purpose of the Annapolis Convention?

to discuss revamping the articles of confederation

A ______ vote by both houses of congress and a ratification vote of _____ of the states are required to amend the U.S. Constitution

two-thirds; three-fourths

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. (2007) was significant because it

ultimately led congress to pass a new law giving workers expanded rights to sue in cases where they learn of discriminatory treatment well after it has started

Since 1973, the right to an abortion has been

upheld but narrowed in scope


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