Anaphy Chapter 4- Tissues

secretion involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells.

Apocrine

Four Types of Tissues found in Animals

Connective epithelial nervous muscle

types of epithelial tissue

covering and lining epithelium grandular epithelium

consists of non-fibrous protein and other molecules.

Ground substance

form bone, osteocytes maintain it, and osteoclasts break it down.

Osteoblasts

__ muscles move joint and assist in breathing.

Skeletal muscles

change their appearance, appearing cuboidal in relaxed epithelium and squamous when the epithelium is stretched.

Transitional epithelium

Numerous microvilli together act as a structure called as

Brush Borders"

height is greater than width. These cells are highly active in secretion.

COLUMNAR

square/cuboidal cell shape. These cells usually active in excretion, secretion or absorption, and the Golgi and organelles lie between the nucleus and the apical surface.

CUBOIDAL

form cartilage and chondrocytes maintain it.

Chondroblasts

long fine projections on the apical surface that contain a core ofmicrotubules.

Cilia

ductless; secretions released directly into the bloodstream; releases hormones

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

secretes saliva, sweat or digestive juices. Two typesunicellular or multicellular exocrine glands.(secretions released via ducts)

EXOCRINE GLANDS

are cells that form fibrous connective tissue, and fibrocytes maintain it.

Fibroblasts

secrete mucus (glygoproteins and proteoglycans) onto the apical surface of the epithelium. These are single 'glandular ' cells.

Goblet cells

secretion involves the shedding of entire cells.

Holocrine

are epithelial cells that form the superficial layer of the skin that experience abrasion and water loss.

Keratinocytes

secretion involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis.

Merocrine

a small thin protrusions on the apical surface of cells

Microvilli

For support, regulation & protection of neurons

Neuroglia

For processing, transfer, & storage of information

Neurons

rap large quantities of water between the polysaccharides, which allows them to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed.

Proteoglycans

contains flat cells (width is much greater than the height). This facilitates transport and rapid diffusion across the epithelium.

SQUAMOUS

It lines secretory regions of some glands, and tubules in the kidney.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Lines the lungs, and all blood vessels (where it is called the endothelium ), and forms the mesothelial lining of all the body cavities.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

It contains spindle-shaped cells, with a central nucleus, that are connected together in a functional syncytium; Involuntary.

Smooth Muscle

A rare type of epithelial tissue composed of column shaped cells arranged in multiple layers.

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

t lines the excretory regions of glands, e.g., the sweat glands of skin.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

It protects against abrasion. Examples include the epithelium of skin and the oesophagus (gastro-intestinal tract).

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Glands with ducts shaped in saclike structures are called

acinar or alveolar

Three types of protein fibers

collagen, reticular, and elastic

types of cartilage

hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage elastic cartilage

__, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed, and normal function is usually restored.

regeneration

__, a new type of tissue develops, which eventually produces a scar and causes loss of some tissue function.

replacement

epithelium is classified based on the number of layers

simple stratified

voluntary muscle

skeletal muscle

types of involuntary muscles

smooth and cardiac

Glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules (small tubes) are called

tubular