Anat & Phys: Intro To The Cardiovascular System

Describe the heart and how it functions.

"The heart has a thick muscular wall that consists of several layers of tissue. Internally, the heart is divided into four chambers through which blood flows. Because of heart valves, blood flows in just one direction through the chambers." (CK-12)

What blood pressure is considered normal?

120/80

What is the cardiovascular system?

A closed system of the heart and blood vessels

Capillaries

A microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body

Mitral valve

A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle; prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium. Alternative name is bicuspid valve

Tricuspid valve

A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps

Inferior vena cava

A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm

Superior vena cava

A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body

Bronchioles

Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli

Identify the largest artery in the body.

Aorta

Put the following structures in order of how blood flows from the heart out to the body and back again.

Aorta; arteries; capillaries; venules; veins

Name the three major types of blood vessels.

Arteries, veins, capillaries (+ arterioles & venules)

Compare and contrast the structure of the walls of arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Arteries: Veins: Capillaries:

Name three different types of substances transported by the cardiovascular system.

Blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets), carbon dioxide, oxygen, antibodies

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Left pulmonary veins

Bring oxygen-rich blood from the left lung to the left atrium

Right pulmonary veins

Bring oxygen-rich blood from the right lung to the left atrium

Blood becomes deoxygenated in the lungs through gas exchange into __________.

Bronchioles

Left pulmonary artery

Carries poor oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung.

Define veins.

Carry blood to the heart

Describe where and how the pulmonary and systemic circulation systems meet.

Cells throughout the body need a constant supply of oxygen. They get oxygen from capillaries in the systemic circulation. Then the pulmonary system takes over where blood picks up oxygen to carry to the cells.

Pericardial cavity

Contains the heart

Systole

Contraction of the heart

True or false: arteries carry mainly oxygenated blood.

False; arteries always carry blood away from the heart. However, blood in the pulmonary circuit is the opposite of what we might expect. Blood carried away from the heart and to the lungs is deoxygenated.

Describe the coronary circulation.

Flow of blood to the actual tissues of the heart muscle; if coronary circulation is blocked or inadequate, a heart attack results

What is blood?

Fluid connective tissue

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood

Endocardium

Inner layer of the heart

Explain why the heart and lungs need blood from the systemic circulation.

It transports blood to and from all of the tissues of the body to provide oxygen and nutrients, and to pick up wastes

Which of the following carries blood to the lungs? Choose all that apply.

Left pulmonary artery & right pulmonary artery

Visceral paricardium

Membrane that covers the heart

Myocardium

Muscular, middle layer of the heart

What are the chief constituents of blood?

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Compare and contrast the pulmonary and systemic circulations.

Pulmonary: involves only the heart, the lungs, and the major blood vessels that connect them; blood moves through the pulmonary circulation from the heart, to the lungs, and then back to the heart again, becoming oxygenated in the process. Systemic: the part of the cardiovascular system that transports blood to and from all of the tissues of the body to provide oxygen and nutrients, and to pick up wastes. It consists of the heart and blood vessels that supply the metabolic needs of all the cells in the body, including those of the heart and lungs.

Which type of blood cell carries oxygen?

Red blood cell (erythrocyte)

Diastole

Relaxation of the heart

Heart chambers

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

Arterioles

Small vessels that receive blood from the arteries

Do blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart get increasingly larger or smaller?

Smaller

What are the two largest veins in the body?

Superior and inferior vena cava

Right pulmonary artery

Takes blood from the right ventricle to the right lung

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body

Parietal paricardium

The portion of the serous pericardium lining the fibrous pericardium; makes up the wall of the cavity that holds the heart

Aortic valve

The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

Venules

The smallest veins

Describe arteries.

Thicker than veins and carry blood away from the heart

Alveoli

Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

True or False: Systole is when the heart is contracting, and diastole is when the heart is fully relaxed.

True

True or false: the circulatory system brings blood to and from the body, while the cardiovascular system brings blood to and from the lungs only.

True "The pulmonary circulation carries blood between the heart and lungs, where blood is oxygenated. The systemic circulation carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body, where it delivers oxygen." (CK-12)

Pulmonary valve

Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

List the three major types of blood vessels and their basic functions.

Veins: carries blood back to the heart Arteries: carries blood away from the heart Capillaries: exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body