Anatomy 13

The number of vertebrae that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum is _______.

5

The first vertebra also is called the ________.

atlas

The most superior bone of the vertebral column is the _________. A) coccyx B) vertebra prominens C) axis D) atlas

atlas

Transverse foramina of ________ vertebrae serve as passageways for blood vessels leading to the brain.

cervical

Circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

The manubrium articulates with the _________ on its superior border.

clavicle

Coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

The ________ ribs do NOT have costal cartilage attachments to the sternum. A) false B) floating C) true D) superior

floating

The last 2 pairs of ribs that have no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum are sometimes called ________.

floating ribs

fibrous joints

generally immovable

ball and socket joint

hip and shoulder joints

Costal cartilages are composed of ________ tissue.

hyaline

The vertebral column extends from the skull to the ________.

inferior tip of coccyx

floating ribs

last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum

The ________ vertebrae have the largest and strongest bodies.

lumbar

cervical vertebrae

neck

Lamina

part of the vertebral arch

anterior sacral foramen

passageway for blood vessels and nerves

rib tubercle

protrusion on the rib

The sternal angle indicates the location of the _________ pair of ribs.

second

spinous process

sharp, slender projection

The vertebral column encloses and protects the ________.

spinal cord

The intervertebral foramina provide passageways for __________.

spinal nerves

The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process form a bone called the _______.

sternum

median sacral crest

the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae

Rib facet

this is where the ribs articulate

Saddle joint

type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation

The 7th cervical vertebra is called the ________ and has an obvious spinous process surface feature that can be palpated.

vertebra prominens

cartilaginous joints

bones held together by cartilage

List 3 general functions of the thoracic cage.

1) breathing 2) supports pectoral gridle and upper limbs 3) protects thoracic and upper abdominal organs

The vertebral column possesses ________. A) 4 curvatures B) 3 curvatures C) 1 curvature D) no curvatures as it is straight

4 curvatures

The superior end of the sacrum articulates with the _______. A) coccyx B) femur C) 12th thoracic vertebra D) 5th lumbar vertebra

5th lumbar vertebra

Humans have ________ pairs of true ribs. A) 2 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12

7

Humans possess ________ cervical vertebrae. A) 26 B) 12 C) 7 D) 5

7

There are _______ pairs of true ribs.

7

flexion and extension

Bending of a joint/Straightening of a joint

atlas

C1

Axis (Spine)

C2

True/False: The anterior (sternal) end of a rib articulates with a thoracic vertebra.

False

Hinge joint

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

intervertebral foramen

Opening formed by the inferior and superior notches on the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. Allows passage of spinal nerves and vessels.

False rib

This rib attaches to the vertebrae in the back and indirectly to the sternum through cartilage (two words singular)

True/False: A feature of the second cervical vertebra is the dens.

True

True/False: All cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae possess a vertebral foramen.

True

Pedicle

a supporting column or stalk

The _______ of the vertebrae support the weight of the head and trunk.

body

Gliding/planar joint

bone surfaces flat, side-side movement only, rotation prevented by ligaments

When the head is moved from side to side, the first vertebra pivots around the ________ of the second vertebra.

dens

The ________ separate adjacent vertebrae, and they soften the forces created by walking.

fibrocartilage

intervertebral discs

fibrocartilage pads that separate and cushion the vertebrae

bifid spinous process

on cervical vertebrae C3-C5. Forked.

Pivot joint

rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus

condyloid joint

synovial joint that does everything except rotating

manubrium

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

costal cartilage

the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs