Anatomy 13
The number of vertebrae that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum is _______.
5
The first vertebra also is called the ________.
atlas
The most superior bone of the vertebral column is the _________. A) coccyx B) vertebra prominens C) axis D) atlas
atlas
Transverse foramina of ________ vertebrae serve as passageways for blood vessels leading to the brain.
cervical
Circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end
The manubrium articulates with the _________ on its superior border.
clavicle
Coccyx
four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
The ________ ribs do NOT have costal cartilage attachments to the sternum. A) false B) floating C) true D) superior
floating
The last 2 pairs of ribs that have no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum are sometimes called ________.
floating ribs
fibrous joints
generally immovable
ball and socket joint
hip and shoulder joints
Costal cartilages are composed of ________ tissue.
hyaline
The vertebral column extends from the skull to the ________.
inferior tip of coccyx
floating ribs
last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum
The ________ vertebrae have the largest and strongest bodies.
lumbar
cervical vertebrae
neck
Lamina
part of the vertebral arch
anterior sacral foramen
passageway for blood vessels and nerves
rib tubercle
protrusion on the rib
The sternal angle indicates the location of the _________ pair of ribs.
second
spinous process
sharp, slender projection
The vertebral column encloses and protects the ________.
spinal cord
The intervertebral foramina provide passageways for __________.
spinal nerves
The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process form a bone called the _______.
sternum
median sacral crest
the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae
Rib facet
this is where the ribs articulate
Saddle joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
The 7th cervical vertebra is called the ________ and has an obvious spinous process surface feature that can be palpated.
vertebra prominens
cartilaginous joints
bones held together by cartilage
List 3 general functions of the thoracic cage.
1) breathing 2) supports pectoral gridle and upper limbs 3) protects thoracic and upper abdominal organs
The vertebral column possesses ________. A) 4 curvatures B) 3 curvatures C) 1 curvature D) no curvatures as it is straight
4 curvatures
The superior end of the sacrum articulates with the _______. A) coccyx B) femur C) 12th thoracic vertebra D) 5th lumbar vertebra
5th lumbar vertebra
Humans have ________ pairs of true ribs. A) 2 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12
7
Humans possess ________ cervical vertebrae. A) 26 B) 12 C) 7 D) 5
7
There are _______ pairs of true ribs.
7
flexion and extension
Bending of a joint/Straightening of a joint
atlas
C1
Axis (Spine)
C2
True/False: The anterior (sternal) end of a rib articulates with a thoracic vertebra.
False
Hinge joint
Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
intervertebral foramen
Opening formed by the inferior and superior notches on the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. Allows passage of spinal nerves and vessels.
False rib
This rib attaches to the vertebrae in the back and indirectly to the sternum through cartilage (two words singular)
True/False: A feature of the second cervical vertebra is the dens.
True
True/False: All cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae possess a vertebral foramen.
True
Pedicle
a supporting column or stalk
The _______ of the vertebrae support the weight of the head and trunk.
body
Gliding/planar joint
bone surfaces flat, side-side movement only, rotation prevented by ligaments
When the head is moved from side to side, the first vertebra pivots around the ________ of the second vertebra.
dens
The ________ separate adjacent vertebrae, and they soften the forces created by walking.
fibrocartilage
intervertebral discs
fibrocartilage pads that separate and cushion the vertebrae
bifid spinous process
on cervical vertebrae C3-C5. Forked.
Pivot joint
rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus
condyloid joint
synovial joint that does everything except rotating
manubrium
the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
costal cartilage
the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs