Anatomy (6.4-6.6)

The bony skeleton begins to form about __________ after fertilization and usually does NOT stop growing until about age __________ years.

six weeks, 25

The fibers of tendons intermingle with those of the periosteum, attaching __________.

skeletal muscles to bone

The endosteum is found in all of the following places except one. Where is the endosteum not found?

covering the outside surface of the bones

In which of the following does bone replace existing cartilage?

endochondral ossification

The presence of which structure is a clear indication that the person has reached their adult height and has stopped growing?

epiphyseal line

When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones __________.

grow longer

The region known as the epiphyseal plate is the area where __________.

cartilage is replaced by bone

Spongy bone is found primarily at which part of long bones?

Expanded ends, where long bones articulate with other skeletal elements

How is the tendon connected to a bone so that it will withstand the force that must be applied by the muscle to move the bone?

The collagen fibers of the tendon as well as the periosteum are incorporated into the bone tissue.

Which statement concerning endochondral ossification is the most accurate?

a primary ossification center begins replacing cartilage in the central region of the cartilage rod.

Appositional bone growth on the outer surface results in __________.

an increase in the diameter of a growing bone

The basic functional unit(s) of compact bone tissue is/are __________.

an osteon

Unlike compact bone, spongy bone (also called cancellous bone) resembles a network of bony struts separated by spaces that are normally filled with __________.

bone marrow

Which bones are not formed by intramembranous ossification?

bones of the appendages

What is a potential problem that can arise from the continual remodeling of bone matrix?

incorporation of heavy metals into the bone matrix.

Appositional growth __________.

increases the diameter of a long bone, forms circumferential lamellae, and involves both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

The outer surface of a bone, the periosteum, __________.

isolates the bone from surrounding tissues, provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply, and actively participates in bone growth and repair

What is the major advantage or advantages of bones undergoing continual remodeling?

it may change the shape of the bone, it may change the internal structure of the bone, it may change the total amount of minerals deposited in the bones.

The spaces in the bony matrix where osteocytes exist are __________.

lacunae

What type of tissue is replaced by bone in intramembranous ossification?

mesenchyme or embryonic fibrous connective tissue

The process of replacing other tissues with bone is called __________.

ossification

One function of bone is to produce red and white blood cells. These cells are made in what substance in bone?

red marrow

What is the term for the process in which the organic and mineral components of bone are continuously recycled and renewed?

remodeling

The meshwork of supporting bundles of fibers that make up spongy bone are __________.

trabeculae

Which of the following are NOT structural components of compact bone?

trabeculae