Anatomy & Physiology 1 Test 3

What is the best definition of the origin of a muscle?

The attachment of a muscle to a bone which is relatively stable or fixed in position

The covering of individual muscle fibers is the

endomysium

Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be:

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.

An aponeurosis could be described as a

flat sheet of connective tissue connecting muscle to muscle or other structures.

Glucose can be stored in the muscle as:

glycogen.

An increase in muscle size is termed:

hypertrophy.

The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimulus is called:

irritability.

Which of the following muscles is named according to its origin and insertion

Sternocleidomastoid

There are more than ____ skeletal muscles in the body

600

The term "motor unit" applies to:

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates

Muscle tone refers to:

A state of sustained, partial contraction of muscles which is necessary to maintain posture

Which part of the sarcomere stays almost the same size during contraction?

A-band

Which of the following muscles is (are) named according to its size?

All of the above

During periods of intense skeletal muscular activity:

An oxygen debt may be built up by the increase of lactic acid

A major muscle in a group that performs the desired action is referred to as the:

Antagonist

Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle

Contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly

A compound that is stored as an energy reserve for skeletal muscle contraction and supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP which is the main source of energy for muscular contraction is:

Creatine phosphate also known as CP

The cytoplasmic extensions on neurons that receive impulses are:

Dendrites

Calcium binding:

Exposes the active sites of the actin by binding to troponin and shifting troponin/tropomysin sideways

. Anaerobic respiration is the first choice of the muscle cell for the production of ATP

False

Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin are present on the thin myofilament.

False

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

False

The thin myofilament is myosin, whereas the thick myofilament is actin.

False

The type of muscle contraction in which there is a change in length of the muscle is:

Isotonic/isometric

Attempting to pick up an object would result in which type of muscle contraction?

Isometric

Which of the following is not associated with the thin myofilament?

Myosin

What occurs during the relative refractory period:

Na+ gates are open

The A band of skeletal muscle cells is composed of:

Overlapping thin and thick myofilaments

The connective tissue that surrounds all of the fasicles is called:

Perineurium

Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles

Protection

Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following types of muscle tissue is voluntary?

Skeletal

If a tissue is without striations and has one nucleus per fiber (cell), then that tissue could be:

Smooth(visceral)muscle

Which is true of an action potential?

The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and the inside is positively charged.Compared with the inside of the neuron, the outside has a(n) ____ charge.

Which of these descriptions best accounts for the H zone?

Thick myofilaments only (no thin myofilaments)

A neuromuscular junction is a type of connection called a synapse

True

Hemoglobin carries oxygen in the red blood cell, and myoglobin stores oxygen in the muscle fiber

True

Muscle fibers of skeletal muscle contain several nuclei.

True

The sliding filament theory is the current model of muscle contraction

True

A synapse consists of:

all of the above

Muscles may be named according to

all of the above.

Which of the following muscle(s) is located in the abdominal area?

all of the above.

The chief function of the T-tubules is to:

allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell.

The "all or none response" means:

When the threshold stimulus is reached the muscle fiber contracts completely

Sarcolemma is

a name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.

The neurotransmitter(s) secreted at the motor end plates of skeletal muscles is/are:

acetylcholine

The largest and most numerous type(s) of neuroglia is/are the:

astrocytes.

The ion necessary for cross-bridging is:

calcium

The characteristic of the muscle cell that directly causes movement is:

contractility.

Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is:

dendrite,cell body,and axon

. A contraction in which the length within the muscle remains the same but the tension changes is called a(n):

isotonic contraction.

A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a:

multipolar neuron.

Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n):

muscle fiber.

The white matter of the nervous system is made up of:

myelinated fibers

Which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contains the cross-bridges?

myosin

The connective tissue sheath that around one bundle (facicle) of muscle fibers is the:

perimysium.

Compared with the outside of the neuron, the inside has a(n) ____ charge

postive

Aerobic respiration:

produces the maximum amount of energy available from each glucose molecule

The purpose of creatine phosphate in muscle contraction is to

replenish energy supply by donating the phosphate to ADP to make ATP.

When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node, the type of impulse conduction is called:

saltatory conduction.

The smallest contractile unit of muscle is a:

sarcomere

Somatic motor neurons stimulate:

skeletal muscle.

The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the:

somatic nervous system

During a relative refractory period

the action potential can be initiated with a strong stimulus.