Anatomy and Physiology 2 Chapter 25 True/False
Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.
False
Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.
False
If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.
False
The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH
False
The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to both solutes and water.
False
The leading cause of chronic renal disease is hypertension
False
The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate.
False
The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.
False
The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter
False
The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
False
The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.
False
Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle.
False
Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.
True
Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.
True
Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.
True
An excessive urine output is called anuria.
False
Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.
False
Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.
False
Both the male and female urethras serve the urinary and the reproductive systems.
False
Fetal kidneys have the primary responsibility of clearing wastes from the fetal blood
False
Despite the fact that the kidney's intrinsic controls work to maintain a constant GFR, in some situations the body's extrinsic controls will work to override these intrinsic controls in order to maintain systemic blood pressure.
True
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane.
True
In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.
True
In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically
True
Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.
True
Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.
True
The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.
True
The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.
True
The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.
True
The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle.
True
Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.
True
Under normal conditions, the large renal arteries deliver one-fourth of the total cardiac output (about 1200 ml) to the kidneys each minute.
True
Under normal conditions, the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs all of the glucose, lactate, and amino acids in the filtrate and 65% of the Na+ and water.
True
Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.
True
