Anatomy and Physiology 2 Chapter 25 True/False

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Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.

False

Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.

False

If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.

False

The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH

False

The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to both solutes and water.

False

The leading cause of chronic renal disease is hypertension

False

The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate.

False

The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.

False

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and finally the ureter

False

The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.

False

The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.

False

Urea is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle.

False

Atrial naturetic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.

True

Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.

True

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

True

An excessive urine output is called anuria.

False

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.

False

Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.

False

Both the male and female urethras serve the urinary and the reproductive systems.

False

Fetal kidneys have the primary responsibility of clearing wastes from the fetal blood

False

Despite the fact that the kidney's intrinsic controls work to maintain a constant GFR, in some situations the body's extrinsic controls will work to override these intrinsic controls in order to maintain systemic blood pressure.

True

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane.

True

In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

True

In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically

True

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.

True

Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.

True

The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.

True

The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.

True

The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.

True

The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle.

True

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.

True

Under normal conditions, the large renal arteries deliver one-fourth of the total cardiac output (about 1200 ml) to the kidneys each minute.

True

Under normal conditions, the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs all of the glucose, lactate, and amino acids in the filtrate and 65% of the Na+ and water.

True

Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.

True


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